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Malha

August 25, 2023

Malha is a neighborhood in southwest Jerusalem, between Pat, Ramat Denya and Kiryat Hayovel in the Valley of Rephaim. Before 1948, Malha was an Arab village known as al-Maliha (Arabic: المالحة).

Malha
المالحة מלחה
Etymology: The salt-pan[1]
Village boundaries of Maliha in the Mandatory Palestine period
Palestine grid167/129
Geopolitical entityMandatory Palestine
SubdistrictJerusalem
Date of depopulation21 April 1948, 15 July 1948[2]
Area
[3]
 • Total13,449 dunams (13.449 km2 or 5.193 sq mi)
Population
 (1948[5])
 • Total1,940[4][3]
Cause(s) of depopulationInfluence of nearby town's fall
Secondary causeMilitary assault by Yishuv forces

History Edit

Antiquity Edit

Excavations in Malha revealed Intermediate Bronze Age domestic structures.[6] A dig in the Rephaim Valley carried out by the Israel Antiquities Authority in the region of the Malha shopping mall and Biblical Zoo uncovered a village dating back to the Middle Bronze Age II B (1,700 – 1,800 BCE). Beneath this, remains of an earlier village were found from the Early Bronze Age IV (2,200 – 2,100 BCE).[7]

 
Bronze Age settlement excavated in Malcha, between Kanyon Malha and Teddy Stadium

According to the archaeologists who excavated there in 1987–1990, Malha is believed to be the site of Manahat, a Canaanite town on the northern border of the Tribe of Judah (Joshua 15:59).[8] Remains of the village have been preserved at the Biblical Zoo.[8]

Malha was a Georgian village in the fifth century, in the time of King Vakhtang I Gorgasali, who was canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church.[9]

Ottoman era Edit

 
Maliha in the 1940s Survey of Palestine map. The map shows the location of the Teddy Stadium, built in the 1990s, and referred to by Arabs as "Maliha stadium".[10][11]

In the 1596 tax records al-Maliha, (named Maliha as-Suqra), was part of the Ottoman Empire, nahiya (subdistrict) of Jerusalem under the Liwa of Jerusalem. It had a population of 52 Muslim households, an estimated 286 persons. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on wheat, barley, and olive and fruit trees, goats and beehives; a total of 8,700 akçe. 1/3 of the revenue went to a waqf.[12]

In 1838 it was noted by Edward Robinson as el Malihah, a Muslim village, part of the Beni Hasan district.[13][14]

An Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed Malha with a population of 340, in 75 houses, though the population count included men, only.[15][16]

In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described the village as being of moderate size, standing high on a flat ridge. To the south was Ayn Yalu.[17]

In 1896 the population of Malha was estimated to be about 600 persons.[18]

British Mandate era Edit

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Malhah had a population 1,038, all Muslims,[19] increasing in the 1931 census to 1,410; 1,402 Muslims and 8 Christians, in a total of 299 houses.[20]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Malha was 1,940; 1,930 Muslims and 10 Christians,[4] and the total land area was 6,828 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[3] Of the land, a total of 2,618 dunams were plantations and irrigable land and 1,259 were for cereals,[21] while a total of 328 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[22]

1948 Edit

In the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the village of al-Maliha, with a population of 2,250, was occupied as part of the battle for south Jerusalem.[23] In the early part of the war, Al-Maliha, along with al-Qastal, Sur Baher and Deir Yassin, signed non-aggression pacts with the Haganah.[24] On April 12, 1948, in the wake of the Deir Yassin Massacre, villagers from al Maliha, Qaluniya and Beit Iksa began to flee in panic.[25] The Irgun attacked Malha in early morning hours of July 14, 1948. Several hours later, the Palestinian Arabs launched a counter-attack and seized one of the fortified positions. When Irgun reinforcements arrived, the Palestinians retreated and Malha was in Jewish control, but 17 Irgun fighters were killed and many wounded.[citation needed] The Arab inhabitants fled to Bethlehem, which remained under Jordanian control. The depopulated homes were occupied by Jewish refugees from Middle Eastern countries, mainly Iraq. Some of the land in Malha had been purchased before the establishment of the state by the Valero family, a family of Sephardi Jews that owned large amounts of property in Jerusalem and environs.[26]

After 1948 Edit

 
Malha, circa 1950

The first Palestinian fedayeen raid in Israel took place in November 1951 in Malha when a woman, Leah Festinger, was killed by infiltrators from Shuafat, at the time part of Jordan.[27]

Today Edit

 
View of Malha, 2007
 
The Jerusalem Technology Park in Malha

Under the aegis of the Jerusalem Municipality, the neighborhood was modernised and a large housing development was established on the nearby hill and its eastern slopes. At the bottom of the hill are the Malha Shopping Mall, Teddy Stadium, Pais Arena Jerusalem, Jerusalem Biblical Zoo and the Jerusalem Malha Railway Station. Malha is now considered an upscale neighborhood. Schools include a vocational high school (ORT) and an elementary school, the Shalom School. The Jerusalem Technology Park houses many companies, including some high-tech start-ups as well as international media offices.[28] In 2019, plans were approved for the construction of 30-floor towers in the technology park.[29] A line of the Jerusalem Light Rail is being built from Jerusalem's Central Bus Station to the Malha sports complex.[30]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 322
  2. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, village #361. Also gives the cause for depopulation
  3. ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 57
  4. ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25
  5. ^ Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 2012-02-12 at the Wayback Machine Depopulated Jerusalem Localities of the year 1948 by Selected Variables
  6. ^ An Intermediate Bronze Age Farmhouse at Newe Shalom
  7. ^ Refaim Valley: The Palestinian villages of Al Wallaja and Battir, Archaeological View
  8. ^ a b Nahal Refa-im - Canaanite Bronze Age villages near
  9. ^ Georgian ambassador's move to Jerusalem highlights history, Jerusalem Post
  10. ^ Arab MK welcomes cancellation of Argentina soccer game, Jun 6, 2018; Arutz Sheva, ""I congratulate the Argentine team on its decision to cancel the game at Al-Maliha Stadium," tweeted Zahalka, referencing the name the Arabs use to call the Teddy Stadium, where the game was to have been played."
  11. ^ Beitar cancels Barcelona match after demand to not have game in Jerusalem, July 15, 2021; Jerusalem Post: "Palestinian Football Association president Jibril Rajoub received a letter from Laport about the match planned in Jerusalem on August 4 “in a stadium built on the ruins of the Palestinian village of al-Malha, whose residents were forcibly expelled and displaced in refugee camps,” Wafa reported."
  12. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 118. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 304
  13. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 123
  14. ^ Robinson & Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. 156
  15. ^ Socin, 1879, p. 157, also noted it to be in the Beni Hasan district
  16. ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 122, also noted 75 houses
  17. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 21. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.304
  18. ^ Schick, 1896, p. 125
  19. ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 14
  20. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 41
  21. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 103
  22. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 153
  23. ^ Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 2012-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ Morris, 2004, pp. 75, 91
  25. ^ Morris, 2004, p. 239
  26. ^ Sephardi entrepreneurs in Jerusalem: The Valero family, 1800-1948, Joseph B. Glass, Ruth Kark
  27. ^ Ynet Encyclopedia
  28. ^ Malha Technological Centre 2008-12-01 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ Two 30-floor towers approved for Jerusalem's Malha, Globes
  30. ^ Jerusalem light rail to expand to 5 lines, 27km of tracks

Bibliography Edit

  • Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
  • Guérin, V. (1868). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Guérin, V. (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  • Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
  • Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
  • Rogers, Mary Eliza (1862). Domestic Life in Palestine. Bell & Daldy.
  • Schick, C. (1896). "Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 19: 120–127.
  • Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
  • Tobler, T. (1854). Dr. Titus Toblers zwei Bucher Topographie von Jerusalem und seinen Umgebungen (in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: G. Reimer. (pp. 760 ff)

External links Edit

  • Photos of the neighborhood
  • Al-Maliha village at palestineremembered.com
  • al-Maliha, Zochrot
  • Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: , Wikimedia commons
  • Al-Maliha
  • [Usurped!]

31°45′08″N 35°10′55″E / 31.75222°N 35.18194°E / 31.75222; 35.18194

August 25, 2023
malha, neighborhood, southwest, jerusalem, between, ramat, denya, kiryat, hayovel, valley, rephaim, before, 1948, arab, village, known, maliha, arabic, المالحة, المالحة, מלחהetymology, salt, village, boundaries, maliha, mandatory, palestine, periodpalestine, g. Malha is a neighborhood in southwest Jerusalem between Pat Ramat Denya and Kiryat Hayovel in the Valley of Rephaim Before 1948 Malha was an Arab village known as al Maliha Arabic المالحة Malha المالحة מלחהEtymology The salt pan 1 Village boundaries of Maliha in the Mandatory Palestine periodPalestine grid167 129Geopolitical entityMandatory PalestineSubdistrictJerusalemDate of depopulation21 April 1948 15 July 1948 2 Area 3 Total13 449 dunams 13 449 km2 or 5 193 sq mi Population 1948 5 Total1 940 4 3 Cause s of depopulationInfluence of nearby town s fallSecondary causeMilitary assault by Yishuv forces Contents 1 History 1 1 Antiquity 1 2 Ottoman era 1 3 British Mandate era 1 4 1948 1 5 After 1948 1 6 Today 2 See also 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksHistory EditAntiquity Edit Excavations in Malha revealed Intermediate Bronze Age domestic structures 6 A dig in the Rephaim Valley carried out by the Israel Antiquities Authority in the region of the Malha shopping mall and Biblical Zoo uncovered a village dating back to the Middle Bronze Age II B 1 700 1 800 BCE Beneath this remains of an earlier village were found from the Early Bronze Age IV 2 200 2 100 BCE 7 Bronze Age settlement excavated in Malcha between Kanyon Malha and Teddy StadiumAccording to the archaeologists who excavated there in 1987 1990 Malha is believed to be the site of Manahat a Canaanite town on the northern border of the Tribe of Judah Joshua 15 59 8 Remains of the village have been preserved at the Biblical Zoo 8 Malha was a Georgian village in the fifth century in the time of King Vakhtang I Gorgasali who was canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church 9 Ottoman era Edit Maliha in the 1940s Survey of Palestine map The map shows the location of the Teddy Stadium built in the 1990s and referred to by Arabs as Maliha stadium 10 11 In the 1596 tax records al Maliha named Maliha as Suqra was part of the Ottoman Empire nahiya subdistrict of Jerusalem under the Liwa of Jerusalem It had a population of 52 Muslim households an estimated 286 persons The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33 3 on wheat barley and olive and fruit trees goats and beehives a total of 8 700 akce 1 3 of the revenue went to a waqf 12 In 1838 it was noted by Edward Robinson as el Malihah a Muslim village part of the Beni Hasan district 13 14 An Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed Malha with a population of 340 in 75 houses though the population count included men only 15 16 In 1883 the PEF s Survey of Western Palestine SWP described the village as being of moderate size standing high on a flat ridge To the south was Ayn Yalu 17 In 1896 the population of Malha was estimated to be about 600 persons 18 British Mandate era Edit In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities Malhah had a population 1 038 all Muslims 19 increasing in the 1931 census to 1 410 1 402 Muslims and 8 Christians in a total of 299 houses 20 In the 1945 statistics the population of Malha was 1 940 1 930 Muslims and 10 Christians 4 and the total land area was 6 828 dunams according to an official land and population survey 3 Of the land a total of 2 618 dunams were plantations and irrigable land and 1 259 were for cereals 21 while a total of 328 dunams were built up urban land 22 1948 Edit In the 1948 Arab Israeli War the village of al Maliha with a population of 2 250 was occupied as part of the battle for south Jerusalem 23 In the early part of the war Al Maliha along with al Qastal Sur Baher and Deir Yassin signed non aggression pacts with the Haganah 24 On April 12 1948 in the wake of the Deir Yassin Massacre villagers from al Maliha Qaluniya and Beit Iksa began to flee in panic 25 The Irgun attacked Malha in early morning hours of July 14 1948 Several hours later the Palestinian Arabs launched a counter attack and seized one of the fortified positions When Irgun reinforcements arrived the Palestinians retreated and Malha was in Jewish control but 17 Irgun fighters were killed and many wounded citation needed The Arab inhabitants fled to Bethlehem which remained under Jordanian control The depopulated homes were occupied by Jewish refugees from Middle Eastern countries mainly Iraq Some of the land in Malha had been purchased before the establishment of the state by the Valero family a family of Sephardi Jews that owned large amounts of property in Jerusalem and environs 26 After 1948 Edit Malha circa 1950The first Palestinian fedayeen raid in Israel took place in November 1951 in Malha when a woman Leah Festinger was killed by infiltrators from Shuafat at the time part of Jordan 27 Today Edit View of Malha 2007 The Jerusalem Technology Park in MalhaUnder the aegis of the Jerusalem Municipality the neighborhood was modernised and a large housing development was established on the nearby hill and its eastern slopes At the bottom of the hill are the Malha Shopping Mall Teddy Stadium Pais Arena Jerusalem Jerusalem Biblical Zoo and the Jerusalem Malha Railway Station Malha is now considered an upscale neighborhood Schools include a vocational high school ORT and an elementary school the Shalom School The Jerusalem Technology Park houses many companies including some high tech start ups as well as international media offices 28 In 2019 plans were approved for the construction of 30 floor towers in the technology park 29 A line of the Jerusalem Light Rail is being built from Jerusalem s Central Bus Station to the Malha sports complex 30 See also Edit Israel portalJerusalem Malha Railway Station Depopulated Palestinian locations in IsraelReferences Edit Palmer 1881 p 322 Morris 2004 p xx village 361 Also gives the cause for depopulation a b c Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 57 a b Government of Palestine Department of Statistics 1945 p 25 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics Archived 2012 02 12 at the Wayback Machine Depopulated Jerusalem Localities of the year 1948 by Selected Variables An Intermediate Bronze Age Farmhouse at Newe Shalom Refaim Valley The Palestinian villages of Al Wallaja and Battir Archaeological View a b Nahal Refa im Canaanite Bronze Age villages near Georgian ambassador s move to Jerusalem highlights history Jerusalem Post Arab MK welcomes cancellation of Argentina soccer game Jun 6 2018 Arutz Sheva I congratulate the Argentine team on its decision to cancel the game at Al Maliha Stadium tweeted Zahalka referencing the name the Arabs use to call the Teddy Stadium where the game was to have been played Beitar cancels Barcelona match after demand to not have game in Jerusalem July 15 2021 Jerusalem Post Palestinian Football Association president Jibril Rajoub received a letter from Laport about the match planned in Jerusalem on August 4 in a stadium built on the ruins of the Palestinian village of al Malha whose residents were forcibly expelled and displaced in refugee camps Wafa reported Hutteroth and Abdulfattah 1977 p 118 Quoted in Khalidi 1992 p 304 Robinson and Smith 1841 vol 3 Appendix 2 p 123 Robinson amp Smith 1841 vol 2 p 156 Socin 1879 p 157 also noted it to be in the Beni Hasan district Hartmann 1883 p 122 also noted 75 houses Conder and Kitchener 1883 SWP III p 21 Quoted in Khalidi 1992 p 304 Schick 1896 p 125 Barron 1923 Table VII Sub district of Jerusalem p 14 Mills 1932 p 41 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 103 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 153 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics Archived 2012 02 12 at the Wayback Machine Morris 2004 pp 75 91 Morris 2004 p 239 Sephardi entrepreneurs in Jerusalem The Valero family 1800 1948 Joseph B Glass Ruth Kark Ynet Encyclopedia Malha Technological Centre Archived 2008 12 01 at the Wayback Machine Two 30 floor towers approved for Jerusalem s Malha Globes Jerusalem light rail to expand to 5 lines 27km of tracksBibliography EditBarron J B ed 1923 Palestine Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 Government of Palestine Conder C R Kitchener H H 1883 The Survey of Western Palestine Memoirs of the Topography Orography Hydrography and Archaeology Vol 3 London Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Government of Palestine Department of Statistics 1945 Village Statistics April 1945 Guerin V 1868 Description Geographique Historique et Archeologique de la Palestine in French Vol 1 Judee pt 1 Paris L Imprimerie Nationale Guerin V 1869 Description Geographique Historique et Archeologique de la Palestine in French Vol 1 Judee pt 2 Paris L Imprimerie Nationale Hadawi S 1970 Village Statistics of 1945 A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center Hartmann M 1883 Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem turkischen Staatskalender fur Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht 1871 Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina Vereins 6 102 149 Hutteroth Wolf Dieter Abdulfattah Kamal 1977 Historical Geography of Palestine Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten Sonderband 5 Erlangen Germany Vorstand der Frankischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ISBN 3 920405 41 2 Khalidi W 1992 All That Remains The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 Washington D C Institute for Palestine Studies ISBN 0 88728 224 5 Mills E ed 1932 Census of Palestine 1931 Population of Villages Towns and Administrative Areas Jerusalem Government of Palestine Morris B 2004 The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 00967 6 Palmer E H 1881 The Survey of Western Palestine Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener R E Transliterated and Explained by E H Palmer Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Robinson E Smith E 1841 Biblical Researches in Palestine Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea A Journal of Travels in the year 1838 Vol 2 Boston Crocker amp Brewster Robinson E Smith E 1841 Biblical Researches in Palestine Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea A Journal of Travels in the year 1838 Vol 3 Boston Crocker amp Brewster Rogers Mary Eliza 1862 Domestic Life in Palestine Bell amp Daldy Schick C 1896 Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina Vereins 19 120 127 Socin A 1879 Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina Vereins 2 135 163 Tobler T 1854 Dr Titus Toblers zwei Bucher Topographie von Jerusalem und seinen Umgebungen in German Vol 2 Berlin G Reimer pp 760 ff Khurtsilava B 2022 Gurjis from Palestine pp 17 39 https www academia edu 83562888 BESIK KHURTSILAVA GURJIS FROM PALESTINE TBILISI 2022 in English External links EditPhotos of the neighborhood Al Maliha village at palestineremembered com al Maliha Zochrot Survey of Western Palestine Map 17 IAA Wikimedia commons Al Maliha Tour and Signposting in Al Malha Usurped 31 45 08 N 35 10 55 E 31 75222 N 35 18194 E 31 75222 35 18194 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Malha amp oldid 1144817514, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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