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Airmanship

January 12, 2023

Look up airmanship in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Airmanship is skill and knowledge applied to aerial navigation, similar to seamanship in maritime navigation. Airmanship covers a broad range of desirable behaviors and abilities in an aviator. It is not simply a measure of skill or technique, but also a measure of a pilot’s awareness of the aircraft, the environment in which it operates, and of his\her own capabilities.[1]

John F. Davis receives the Distinguished Flying Cross “For... establishing a new world record... for class “c” jet aircraft on a 100 kilometer closed course. In the preparation for and execution of this flight, he exercised brilliant airmanship."
Airmanship is defined by the US FAA as:[2]
  • A sound acquaintance with the principles of flight,
  • The ability to operate an airplane with competence and precision both on the ground and in the air, and
  • The exercise of sound judgment that results in optimal operational safety and efficiency.

The United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority describes airmanship as "a somewhat controversial and vague expression intended to convey a measure of understanding; experience; or, more succinctly, aviation 'common-sense'. What can be said is that 'Airmanship' is something gained from exposure to the experiences and sage advice of other aviators; properly thinking about and understanding the application of rules, procedures and airspace; and a healthy dose of self-preservation."[3]

A review paper presented at a NATO research and training symposium on military aviation human factors defined airmanship as "a personal state that enables aircrew to exercise sound judgment, display uncompromising flight discipline and demonstrate skillful control of an aircraft and a situation. It is maintained by continuous self-improvement and a desire to perform optimally at all times."[4] Combining modern academic and industry definitions, it's accepted now that airmanship is a multi-dimensional concept involving skilful control of an aircraft, making good decisions about the flight, and is tightly linked to flight discipline.[5]

The three fundamental principles of expert airmanship are skill, proficiency, and the discipline to apply them in a safe and efficient manner.[6] Discipline is the foundation of airmanship.[7] The complexity of the aviation environment demands a foundation of solid airmanship, and a healthy, positive approach to combating pilot error.[8]

The actions of Captain Alfred C. Haynes and the crew of United Airlines Flight 232 are often cited as an exemplar of good airmanship.[9] They were able to maintain control of their crippled McDonnell Douglas DC-10, bringing it to a survivable "controlled crash" in Sioux City, Iowa, after a complete loss of all flight controls following an engine failure in July 1989. They did this by improvising a control scheme on the spot using differential engine thrust on the two working engines.[10] Captain Haynes credited his Crew Resource Management training as one of the key factors that saved his own life, and many others.[11]

The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board occasionally cites poor airmanship as a contributing factor in its determination of probable cause in aviation accidents, although it is implicit in many of the pilot error causes it often uses. For example, in its report on the December 1, 1993, fatal crash of Northwest Airlink Flight 5719, the NTSB determined the "failure of the company management to adequately address the previously identified deficiencies in airmanship" was a contributing factor.[12] In a February 2, 2005 business jet accident at Teterboro Airport, NTSB investigator Steve Demko, speaking about the probable cause, said determining an aircraft's weight and balance before takeoff is "basic airmanship," a "Flying 101 type of thing."[13] In a 2006 New York City plane crash that killed New York Yankees pitcher Cory Lidle, the NTSB cited "inadequate judgement, planning and airmanship" in its probable cause determination.[14]

The UK CAA cites "poor airmanship" as a factor in many airprox events.[3]

A "failure of airmanship" was also cited by Maurice Baril, investigating the Tarnak Farm incident in Afghanistan, where the pilot of a U.S. F-16 Fighting Falcon mistakenly targeted a 500 pounds (230 kg) laser-guided bomb on training Canadian troops in April 2003, killing four of them.[15] Airmanship covers operation of the aircraft and all its systems, so in military usage, this includes the weapons systems of combat aircraft.

References

  1. ^ DeMaria, Chris, CFI (2006-11-09). "Understanding Airmanship". Aviation Channel. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  2. ^ . U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.: U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. 2004. pp. 15–7 to 15–8. FAA-8083-3A. Archived from the original on 2011-04-05.
  3. ^ a b Analysis of Airprox in UK Airspace. Report Number 29, January 2013 – December 2013. [1]
  4. ^ Ebbage, L.; Spencer, P. D. (2003). "Airmanship training for modern aircrew". Paper presented at the TRO HFM Symposium Advanced Technologies for Military Training (Technologies avanc — es pour lentra — nement militaire). Genoa, Italy. RTO-MP-HFM-101.
  5. ^ English, Dave (2018-06-01). "Inner? Art? Airmanshp?". Inner Art of Airmanship. Retrieved 2018-06-14. Airmanship is a multi-dimensional concept.
  6. ^ Kern, Anthony T; Kern, Tony (1997). Redefining Airmanship. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 21. ISBN 0-07-034284-9.
  7. ^ Kern, Anthony T; Kern, Tony (1998). Flight Discipline. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 3. ISBN 0-07-034371-3.
  8. ^ Lankford, Terry T. (1998). Controlling Pilot Error : Weather. Introduction by Tony Kern. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. xvi. ISBN 0-07-137328-4.
  9. ^ Galison, Peter (2000). Atmospheric Flight in the Twentieth Century. Berlin: Springer. pp. xi. ISBN 0-7923-6037-0.
  10. ^ Kern, Anthony T; Kern, Tony (1997). Redefining Airmanship. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 283–301. ISBN 0-07-034284-9.
  11. ^ Haynes' Eyewitness account 2013-10-26 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "NTSB brief of accident DCA94MA022". 1994-12-27. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  13. ^ Collogan, David (2006-11-06). "NTSB Critical Of Failures In Challenger Overrun At TEB". aviationweek.com. Retrieved 2007-02-25.
  14. ^ "U-turn to blame for Lidle crash, NTSB says". AM New York. Tribune New York Newspaper Holdings, LLC. Associated Press. 2007-05-02. p. 04. The NTSB declared yesterday that the cause was 'inadequate judgement, planning and airmanship.'
  15. ^ "Pilots blamed for 'friendly fire' deaths". BBC News. 2002-06-28. Retrieved 2007-03-01.

January 12, 2023
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Look up airmanship in Wiktionary the free dictionary Airmanship is skill and knowledge applied to aerial navigation similar to seamanship in maritime navigation Airmanship covers a broad range of desirable behaviors and abilities in an aviator It is not simply a measure of skill or technique but also a measure of a pilot s awareness of the aircraft the environment in which it operates and of his her own capabilities 1 John F Davis receives the Distinguished Flying Cross For establishing a new world record for class c jet aircraft on a 100 kilometer closed course In the preparation for and execution of this flight he exercised brilliant airmanship Airmanship is defined by the US FAA as 2 A sound acquaintance with the principles of flight The ability to operate an airplane with competence and precision both on the ground and in the air and The exercise of sound judgment that results in optimal operational safety and efficiency The United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority describes airmanship as a somewhat controversial and vague expression intended to convey a measure of understanding experience or more succinctly aviation common sense What can be said is that Airmanship is something gained from exposure to the experiences and sage advice of other aviators properly thinking about and understanding the application of rules procedures and airspace and a healthy dose of self preservation 3 A review paper presented at a NATO research and training symposium on military aviation human factors defined airmanship as a personal state that enables aircrew to exercise sound judgment display uncompromising flight discipline and demonstrate skillful control of an aircraft and a situation It is maintained by continuous self improvement and a desire to perform optimally at all times 4 Combining modern academic and industry definitions it s accepted now that airmanship is a multi dimensional concept involving skilful control of an aircraft making good decisions about the flight and is tightly linked to flight discipline 5 The three fundamental principles of expert airmanship are skill proficiency and the discipline to apply them in a safe and efficient manner 6 Discipline is the foundation of airmanship 7 The complexity of the aviation environment demands a foundation of solid airmanship and a healthy positive approach to combating pilot error 8 The actions of Captain Alfred C Haynes and the crew of United Airlines Flight 232 are often cited as an exemplar of good airmanship 9 They were able to maintain control of their crippled McDonnell Douglas DC 10 bringing it to a survivable controlled crash in Sioux City Iowa after a complete loss of all flight controls following an engine failure in July 1989 They did this by improvising a control scheme on the spot using differential engine thrust on the two working engines 10 Captain Haynes credited his Crew Resource Management training as one of the key factors that saved his own life and many others 11 The U S National Transportation Safety Board occasionally cites poor airmanship as a contributing factor in its determination of probable cause in aviation accidents although it is implicit in many of the pilot error causes it often uses For example in its report on the December 1 1993 fatal crash of Northwest Airlink Flight 5719 the NTSB determined the failure of the company management to adequately address the previously identified deficiencies in airmanship was a contributing factor 12 In a February 2 2005 business jet accident at Teterboro Airport NTSB investigator Steve Demko speaking about the probable cause said determining an aircraft s weight and balance before takeoff is basic airmanship a Flying 101 type of thing 13 In a 2006 New York City plane crash that killed New York Yankees pitcher Cory Lidle the NTSB cited inadequate judgement planning and airmanship in its probable cause determination 14 The UK CAA cites poor airmanship as a factor in many airprox events 3 A failure of airmanship was also cited by Maurice Baril investigating the Tarnak Farm incident in Afghanistan where the pilot of a U S F 16 Fighting Falcon mistakenly targeted a 500 pounds 230 kg laser guided bomb on training Canadian troops in April 2003 killing four of them 15 Airmanship covers operation of the aircraft and all its systems so in military usage this includes the weapons systems of combat aircraft References Edit DeMaria Chris CFI 2006 11 09 Understanding Airmanship Aviation Channel Retrieved 2007 02 24 Airplane Flying Handbook U S Government Printing Office Washington D C U S Federal Aviation Administration 2004 pp 15 7 to 15 8 FAA 8083 3A Archived from the original on 2011 04 05 a b Analysis of Airprox in UK Airspace Report Number 29 January 2013 December 2013 1 Ebbage L Spencer P D 2003 Airmanship training for modern aircrew Paper presented at the TRO HFM Symposium Advanced Technologies for Military Training Technologies avanc es pour lentra nement militaire Genoa Italy RTO MP HFM 101 English Dave 2018 06 01 Inner Art Airmanshp Inner Art of Airmanship Retrieved 2018 06 14 Airmanship is a multi dimensional concept Kern Anthony T Kern Tony 1997 Redefining Airmanship McGraw Hill Professional p 21 ISBN 0 07 034284 9 Kern Anthony T Kern Tony 1998 Flight Discipline McGraw Hill Professional p 3 ISBN 0 07 034371 3 Lankford Terry T 1998 Controlling Pilot Error Weather Introduction by Tony Kern McGraw Hill Professional pp xvi ISBN 0 07 137328 4 Galison Peter 2000 Atmospheric Flight in the Twentieth Century Berlin Springer pp xi ISBN 0 7923 6037 0 Kern Anthony T Kern Tony 1997 Redefining Airmanship McGraw Hill Professional pp 283 301 ISBN 0 07 034284 9 Haynes Eyewitness account Archived 2013 10 26 at the Wayback Machine NTSB brief of accident DCA94MA022 1994 12 27 Retrieved 2007 02 24 Collogan David 2006 11 06 NTSB Critical Of Failures In Challenger Overrun At TEB aviationweek com Retrieved 2007 02 25 U turn to blame for Lidle crash NTSB says AM New York Tribune New York Newspaper Holdings LLC Associated Press 2007 05 02 p 04 The NTSB declared yesterday that the cause was inadequate judgement planning and airmanship Pilots blamed for friendly fire deaths BBC News 2002 06 28 Retrieved 2007 03 01 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Airmanship amp oldid 1115614749, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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