Similarly, after a dismasting, a replacement mast, often referred to as a jury mast[2] (and if necessary, yard) would be fashioned, and stayed to allow a watercraft to resume making way.
The phrase 'jury-rigged' has been in use since at least 1788.[2] The adjectival use of 'jury', in the sense of makeshift or temporary, has been said to date from at least 1616, when according to the 1933 edition of the Oxford Dictionary of the English Language, it appeared in John Smith's A Description of New England.[2] It appeared in Smith's more extensive The General History of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles published in 1624.[3]
Two theories about the origin of this usage of 'jury-rig' are:
A corruption of jury mast; i.e., a mast for the day, a temporary mast, being a spare used when the mast has been carried away. From French jour: 'a day'.[4]
From the Latinadjutare: 'to aid'; via Old Frenchajurie: 'help' or 'relief'.[5]
Depending on its size and purpose, a sail-powered boat may carry a limited amount of repair materials, from which some form of jury-rig can be fashioned. Additionally, anything salvageable, such as a spar or spinnaker pole, could be adapted to carrying a form of makeshift sail.
Ships typically carried a selection of spare parts, e.g., items such as topmasts. However, due to their much larger size, at up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in diameter, the lower masts were too large to carry as spares. Example jury-rig configurations include:
Replacing the foremast with the mizzenmast (mentioned in W. Brady's The Kedge Anchor (1852))
The bowsprit set upright and tied to the stump of the original mast.
The jury mast knot may provide anchor points for securing makeshift stays and shrouds to support a jury mast, although there is differing evidence of the knot's actual historical use.[6][7][8]
Jury-rigs are not limited to boats designed for sail propulsion. Any form of watercraft found without power can be adapted to carry jury sail as necessary. In addition, other essential components of a boat or ship, such as a rudder or tiller, can be said to be 'jury-rigged' when a repair is improvised out of materials at hand.[1]
Similar phrasesedit
The compound word 'jerry-built', a similar but distinct term, referring to things 'built unsubstantially of bad materials', has a separate origin from jury-rigged. The exact etymology is unknown, but it is probably linked to earlier pejorative uses of the word 'jerry', attested as early as 1721, and may have been influenced by 'jury-rigged'.[9][10][11]
The American terms 'Afro engineering' (short for African engineering)[12] or 'nigger-rigging'[13] describes a fix that is temporary, done quickly, technically improperly, or without attention to or care for detail. It can also describe shoddy, second-rate workmanship, with whatever materials happen to be available.[14] 'Nigger-rigging' originated in the 1950s United States;[12] the term was euphemized as 'afro engineering' in the 1970s[13][15] and later again as 'ghetto rigging'. The terms have been used in the U.S. auto mechanic industry to describe quick makeshift repairs.[16] These phrases have largely fallen out of common usage due to their colloquial nature, but are occasionally used within the African-American community.[17][18][19][20]
To 'MacGyver' (or MacGyverize) something is to rig up something in a hurry using materials at hand, from the title character of the American television show of the same name, who specialized in such improvisation stunts.[21]
In New Zealand, having a 'Number 8 wire' mentality means to have the ability to make or repair something using any materials at hand, such as standard farm fencing wire.[22]
Robinsonade – a literary genre named after the novel Robinson Crusoe
Tofu-dreg project – a phrase used in Mainland China to describe a poorly constructed building
Upcycling – the transformation of waste into something usable for environmental preservation
Referencesedit
^ ab. www.Lexico.com. Oxford English Dictionary. 2022. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^ abcThe Oxford English Dictionary, Volume V, H-K. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1933. p. 637, corrected reprinting 1966.
^Smith, Captaine Iohn. The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles. London: Michael Sparkes., (2006, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) digital republication), p.223. (Online edition) Note that in the orthography of Early Modern English, 'J' was often written as 'I', thus the actual quote from Smith (1624) reads, "...we had re-accommodated a Iury-mast to returne for Plimoth...", corrected for modern parlance, "...we had re-accommodated a Jury-mast to return for Plymouth..."
^E. Cobham Brewer 1810–1897. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.
^Hamel, Charles (August 2006) [September 2005]. "Investigations – nœud de capelage or jury rig knot". Charles.Hamel.free.fr. Charles Hamel. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^Hamel, Charles (August 2006) [September 2005]. "Jury rig investigation – nœud de capelage jury rig mast knot is it only ornamental or utilitarian (with secondary evolution to ornamental)?". Charles.Hamel.free.fr. Charles Hamel. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^Hamel, Charles (August 2006) [September 2005]. "Jury rig investigation 2 – nœud de capelage jury rig mast knot is it only ornamental or utilitarian (with secondary evolution to ornamental)?". Charles.Hamel.free.fr. Charles Hamel. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^Israel, Mark (29 September 1997). . www.Yaelf.com. alt.usage.english Word Origins FAQ. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
^William Morris; Mary Morris (1988). Morris Dictionary of Words and Phrase Origins, 2nd Edition. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 321–322.
^Wilton, Dave. . www.WordOrigins.org. Word Origins.org. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
^Jackson, Shirley A. (2015). Routledge International Handbook of Race, Class, and Gender. Routledge. Intersections of discourse: Racetalk and class talk. ISBN978-0-415-63271-3 – via Google Books. 'I can't even nigger-rig it.' ... 'The proper terminology is Afro-engineering.' Here, blackness is demarcated in a classed way. 'Nigger-rigging' is a quick, temporary fix to a problem, but it is a solution that is second rate to the 'right' way. ... declares that this type of knowledge is racialized and classed in a way that deems it inherently inferior. ... remarks remain unchallenged. Quite the opposite. ... implies that black ingenuity and innovation as sub-par and second rate to white ingenuity and innovation. ... affirms this with his response. By responding indirectly ... consents to this classed usage of the word nigger. Not only does this trivialize whether the slur's usage is inappropriate in the first place, but it equates 'nigger-rigging' with 'Afro-engineering'. ... denotes these terms as synonymous, thus imposing an even more classed meaning to this racial slur.
^Poteet, Jim; Poteet, Lewis (1992). Car & Motorcycle Slang. toExcel an imprint of iUniverse.com Inc. p. 14, Afro engineering. ISBN978-0-595-01080-6 – via Google Books.
^Eisiminger, Sterling K. (1991). The Consequence of Error and Other Language Essays. P. Lang. p. 327. ISBN978-0-82041-472-0 – via Google Books.
^Aman, Reinhold (2005). Maledicta, Volume 3, Issue 2. Maledicta Press. Maledicta. p. 167, Afro engineering – via Google Books.
^Droney, Damien (2014). "Ironies of Laboratory Work during Ghana's Second Age of Optimism". Cultural Anthropology. 29 (2). p. 363–384, Ironic Africa. doi:10.14506/ca29.2.10.
Media related to Jury rigging at Wikimedia Commons
November 11, 2023
jury, rigging, confused, with, jury, tampering, look, jury, wiktionary, free, dictionary, maritime, transport, terms, most, commonly, sailing, jury, rigged, adjective, noun, verb, describe, actions, temporary, makeshift, running, repairs, made, with, only, too. Not to be confused with Jury tampering Look up jury rig in Wiktionary the free dictionary In maritime transport terms and most commonly in sailing jury rigged 1 is an adjective a noun and a verb It can describe the actions of temporary makeshift running repairs made with only the tools and materials on board and the subsequent results thereof The origin of jury rigged and jury rigging lies in such efforts done on boats and ships characteristically sail powered to begin with Jury rigging can be applied to any part of a ship be it its super structure hull decks propulsion systems mast sails rigging engine transmission propeller or controls helm rudder centreboard daggerboards rigging Model showing a method for jury rigging a rudderSimilarly after a dismasting a replacement mast often referred to as a jury mast 2 and if necessary yard would be fashioned and stayed to allow a watercraft to resume making way Contents 1 Etymology 2 Rigging 3 Similar phrases 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksEtymology editThe phrase jury rigged has been in use since at least 1788 2 The adjectival use of jury in the sense of makeshift or temporary has been said to date from at least 1616 when according to the 1933 edition of the Oxford Dictionary of the English Language it appeared in John Smith s A Description of New England 2 It appeared in Smith s more extensive The General History of Virginia New England and the Summer Isles published in 1624 3 Two theories about the origin of this usage of jury rig are A corruption of jury mast i e a mast for the day a temporary mast being a spare used when the mast has been carried away From French jour a day 4 From the Latin adjutare to aid via Old French ajurie help or relief 5 Rigging edit nbsp Three variations of the jury mast knot Depending on its size and purpose a sail powered boat may carry a limited amount of repair materials from which some form of jury rig can be fashioned Additionally anything salvageable such as a spar or spinnaker pole could be adapted to carrying a form of makeshift sail Ships typically carried a selection of spare parts e g items such as topmasts However due to their much larger size at up to 1 metre 3 ft 3 in in diameter the lower masts were too large to carry as spares Example jury rig configurations include A spare topmast The main boom of a brig Replacing the foremast with the mizzenmast mentioned in W Brady s The Kedge Anchor 1852 The bowsprit set upright and tied to the stump of the original mast The jury mast knot may provide anchor points for securing makeshift stays and shrouds to support a jury mast although there is differing evidence of the knot s actual historical use 6 7 8 Jury rigs are not limited to boats designed for sail propulsion Any form of watercraft found without power can be adapted to carry jury sail as necessary In addition other essential components of a boat or ship such as a rudder or tiller can be said to be jury rigged when a repair is improvised out of materials at hand 1 Similar phrases editThe compound word jerry built a similar but distinct term referring to things built unsubstantially of bad materials has a separate origin from jury rigged The exact etymology is unknown but it is probably linked to earlier pejorative uses of the word jerry attested as early as 1721 and may have been influenced by jury rigged 9 10 11 The American terms Afro engineering short for African engineering 12 or nigger rigging 13 describes a fix that is temporary done quickly technically improperly or without attention to or care for detail It can also describe shoddy second rate workmanship with whatever materials happen to be available 14 Nigger rigging originated in the 1950s United States 12 the term was euphemized as afro engineering in the 1970s 13 15 and later again as ghetto rigging The terms have been used in the U S auto mechanic industry to describe quick makeshift repairs 16 These phrases have largely fallen out of common usage due to their colloquial nature but are occasionally used within the African American community 17 18 19 20 To MacGyver or MacGyverize something is to rig up something in a hurry using materials at hand from the title character of the American television show of the same name who specialized in such improvisation stunts 21 In New Zealand having a Number 8 wire mentality means to have the ability to make or repair something using any materials at hand such as standard farm fencing wire 22 See also editSailing ship accidents Bricolage creations from whatever happens to be available Exaptation a shift in the function of a trait during evolution Rube Goldberg an American cartoonist known for drawing complicated machines used for simple purposes Heath Robinson a British artist known for drawing complicated machines used for simple purposes Jugaad an Indian based word for adopting innovative or simple fixes that may bend certain rules Kludge inelegant solutions that are difficult to maintain MacGyver in popular culture Repurposing Robinsonade a literary genre named after the novel Robinson Crusoe Tofu dreg project a phrase used in Mainland China to describe a poorly constructed building Upcycling the transformation of waste into something usable for environmental preservationReferences edit a b jury rigged www Lexico com Oxford English Dictionary 2022 Archived from the original on 23 January 2022 Retrieved 22 January 2022 a b c The Oxford English Dictionary Volume V H K Oxford Clarendon Press 1933 p 637 corrected reprinting 1966 Smith Captaine Iohn The Generall Historie of Virginia New England and the Summer Isles London Michael Sparkes 2006 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill UNC digital republication p 223 Online edition Note that in the orthography of Early Modern English J was often written as I thus the actual quote from Smith 1624 reads we had re accommodated a Iury mast to returne for Plimoth corrected for modern parlance we had re accommodated a Jury mast to return for Plymouth E Cobham Brewer 1810 1897 Dictionary of Phrase and Fable 1898 Barnhart Robert K ed 1988 Barnhart dictionary of etymology New York H W Wilson Company p 560 Hamel Charles August 2006 September 2005 Investigations nœud de capelage or jury rig knot Charles Hamel free fr Charles Hamel Retrieved 26 January 2022 Hamel Charles August 2006 September 2005 Jury rig investigation nœud de capelage jury rig mast knot is it only ornamental or utilitarian with secondary evolution to ornamental Charles Hamel free fr Charles Hamel Retrieved 26 January 2022 Hamel Charles August 2006 September 2005 Jury rig investigation 2 nœud de capelage jury rig mast knot is it only ornamental or utilitarian with secondary evolution to ornamental Charles Hamel free fr Charles Hamel Retrieved 26 January 2022 Israel Mark 29 September 1997 jerry built jury rigged www Yaelf com alt usage english Word Origins FAQ Archived from the original on 27 September 2013 Retrieved 28 February 2013 William Morris Mary Morris 1988 Morris Dictionary of Words and Phrase Origins 2nd Edition New York HarperCollins pp 321 322 Wilton Dave jerry built jury rig www WordOrigins org Word Origins org Archived from the original on 19 September 2016 Retrieved 28 February 2013 a b Green Jonathan 2005 Cassell s Dictionary of Slang 2 ed London Weidenfeld amp Nicolson p 10 African engineering ISBN 978 0 304 36636 1 via Google Books a b Green Jonathan 2005 Cassell s Dictionary of Slang 2 ed London Weidenfeld amp Nicolson p 1003 nigger rig n nigger rig v nigger rigged ISBN 978 0 304 36636 1 via Google Books Partridge Eric 2006 The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English J Z Taylor amp Francis p 1370 nigger rig ISBN 978 0 415 25938 5 via Google Books Jackson Shirley A 2015 Routledge International Handbook of Race Class and Gender Routledge Intersections of discourse Racetalk and class talk ISBN 978 0 415 63271 3 via Google Books I can t even nigger rig it The proper terminology is Afro engineering Here blackness is demarcated in a classed way Nigger rigging is a quick temporary fix to a problem but it is a solution that is second rate to the right way declares that this type of knowledge is racialized and classed in a way that deems it inherently inferior remarks remain unchallenged Quite the opposite implies that black ingenuity and innovation as sub par and second rate to white ingenuity and innovation affirms this with his response By responding indirectly consents to this classed usage of the word nigger Not only does this trivialize whether the slur s usage is inappropriate in the first place but it equates nigger rigging with Afro engineering denotes these terms as synonymous thus imposing an even more classed meaning to this racial slur Poteet Jim Poteet Lewis 1992 Car amp Motorcycle Slang toExcel an imprint of iUniverse com Inc p 14 Afro engineering ISBN 978 0 595 01080 6 via Google Books Eisiminger Sterling K 1991 The Consequence of Error and Other Language Essays P Lang p 327 ISBN 978 0 82041 472 0 via Google Books Aman Reinhold 2005 Maledicta Volume 3 Issue 2 Maledicta Press Maledicta p 167 Afro engineering via Google Books Green Jonathon 1996 Words Apart The Language of Prejudice Kyle Cathie pp 59 ISBN 978 1 85626 216 3 Droney Damien 2014 Ironies of Laboratory Work during Ghana s Second Age of Optimism Cultural Anthropology 29 2 p 363 384 Ironic Africa doi 10 14506 ca29 2 10 Rich John 2006 Warm Up the Snake a Hollywood Memoir Ann Arbor MI University of Michigan Press p 167 ISBN 9780472115785 OCLC 67240539 Time to break free of No 8 wire mentality www Stuff co nz New Zealand Stuff 26 July 2012 Further reading editHarland John 1984 Seamanship in the Age of Sail Naval Institute Press External links edit nbsp Media related to Jury rigging at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jury rigging amp oldid 1179180554 Similar phrases, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
