fbpx
Wikipedia

Adventure playground

January 01, 1970

An adventure playground is a specific type of playground for children. Adventure playgrounds can take many forms, ranging from "natural playgrounds" to "junk playgrounds", and are typically defined by an ethos of unrestricted play, the presence of playworkers (or "wardens"), and the absence of adult-manufactured or rigid play-structures.[1][note 1] Adventure playgrounds are frequently defined in contrast to playing fields, contemporary-design playgrounds made by adult architects, and traditional-equipment play areas containing adult-made rigid play-structures like swings, slides, seesaws, and climbing bars.[2]

A small adventure park in Lappeenranta, Finland

History edit

Harry Shier, in Adventure Playgrounds: An Introduction (1984), defines an adventure playground this way:

An Adventure Playground is an area fenced off and set aside for children. Within its boundaries children can play freely, in their own way, in their own time. But what is special about an Adventure Playground is that here (and increasingly in contemporary urban society, only here) children can build and shape the environment according to their own creative vision.[3]

The first planned playground of this type, the Emdrup Junk Playground, opened in Emdrup, Denmark, in 1943. In 1948, an adventure playground opened in Camberwell, England. The term "junk playground" is a calque from the Danish term skrammellegeplads. Early examples of adventure playgrounds in the UK were known as "junk playgrounds", "waste material playgrounds", or "bomb-site adventure playgrounds".[4][5] The term "adventure playground" was first adopted in the United Kingdom to describe waste material playgrounds "in an effort to make the ‘junk’ playground concept more palatable to local authorities".[6]

The architect Simon Nicholson numbered among the advantages of the adventure playground, "the relationship between experiment and play, community involvement, the catalytic value of play leaders, and indeed the whole concept of a free society in miniature.'"[7] Essential in this for Nicholson was the concept of 'loose parts': "In any environment, both the degree of inventiveness and creativity, and the possibility of discovery, are directly proportional to the number and kind of variables in it."[8][9] In a playground context loose parts would include:[10]

  • natural resources – such as straw, mud and pine cones
  • building materials and tools – planks, nails, hammers
  • scrap materials – old tyres, off-cuts of guttering
  • bark which can be both safe playground surfacing and a loose part
  • and, most essentially, random found objects.

Denmark edit

The first junk playgrounds were based on the ideas of Carl Theodor Sørensen, a Danish landscape architect, who noticed that children preferred to play everywhere but in the playgrounds that he designed. In 1931, inspired by the sight of children playing in a construction site, he imagined "A junk playground in which children could create and shape, dream and imagine a reality". His aim was to provide children living in cities the same opportunities for play that were enjoyed by children living in rural areas.[11] The first adventure playground was set up by a Workers Cooperative Housing Association in Emdrup, Denmark, during the German occupation of the 1940s. The playground at Emdrup grew out of the spirit of resistance to Nazi occupation and parents' fears that "their children's play might be mistaken for acts of sabotage by soldiers".[12] Play advocates sometimes emphasize the importance of adventure playgrounds for children of color in the United States, where policing "can feel like a kind of occupation".[12]

Mischievousness and sneaking around were criminalized in Nazi occupied Copenhagen, Adventure Playgrounds were born as a response.
— Play:groundNYC, #playwork [13]

The UK edit

Marjory Allen, an English landscape architect and child welfare advocate, visited and subsequently wrote a widely-read article about the Emdrup Adventure playground titled Why Not Use Our Bomb Sites Like This? and published in the Picture Post in 1946.[14] While Marjory Allen's article is often credited with the introduction into the UK of "the idea of transforming bomb sites into 'junk playgrounds', historians of the Adventure playground movement have pointed to the role played by other experiments carried out by youth workers in the UK. For example, "Marie Paneth, an art therapist heavily influenced by Freud, independently developed the concept of permissive play as a tool for ameliorating childhood aggression in her work running a blitz-era play centre in London although not specifically incorporating the elements of a Junk/Adventure playground pointing to her role in the history of UK specific Playwork development."[15][16]

List of adventure playgrounds edit

To date, there are approximately 1,000 adventure playgrounds in Europe, most of them in England, Denmark, France, Germany, The Netherlands and Switzerland. Japan also has a significant number of adventure playgrounds.[17]

The Americas edit

Canada
  • TELUS Spark, in Calgary, Alberta has a Junkyard Playground open in the summer months.[18]
  • The city of Calgary, in Alberta, Canada, piloted a mobile adventure playground in five city parks during the summer of 2016.[19][20]
  • Toronto Ontario hosted an Adventure Playground from 1974 until the mid-1980s. It was a part of the revitalization of the waterfront called Harbourfront Centre.[21]
  • The City of Coquitlam in British Columbia created an Adventure Playground in the summer of 2018 as a pilot project.[22][23]
United States

Asia edit

Japan

Australia edit

  • The Venny, Kensington Adventure Playground. Kensington, Victoria.

Europe edit

Denmark

Denmark has several adventure playgrounds, now known as Byggelegeplads (Building-playground) and formerly as Skrammellegeplads (Junk-playground).[29] From the first site in Emdrup, the idea spread across the country and at the height of the popularity in the 1960s, there were about 100 adventure playgrounds in the country.[30] Present active adventure playgrounds in Denmark includes:

Germany
  • Abenteuerspielplätze und Kinderbauernhöfe in Berlin, or AKiB for short, is a federation of adventure playgrounds and children's farms in Berlin, Germany[39]
Sweden
  • St Hans bygglekplats in Lund
  • Borgarparkens bygglekplats in Lund
  • Klostergårdens bygglekplats in Lund
Switzerland
  • Robi-Spiel Aktionen—An organization of adventure playgrounds in Basel, Switzerland[40]
United Kingdom

Literature edit

  • C. Th. Sørensen (1931): "Parkpolitik i Sogn og Købstad", (in Danish)
  • "Risk and Safety in Play: The law and practice for adventure playgrounds (2003)"
  • Joan Almon, Editor. (2017) Playing It Up—With Loose Parts, Playpods, and Adventure Playgrounds, Annapolis, MD: Alliance for Childhood.
  • Mike Lanza (2012): "Playborhood: Turn Your Neighborhood Into a Place for Play", Free Play Press
Academic
  • BDJA: , a study from Germany
  • Kotliar I.A. and Sokolova M.V. (2014). "Adventure Playground as an Example of the Child's Right to Play". Psychological Science and Education Psyedu.ru. 6 (no.2) (2): 81–90. doi:10.17759/psyedu.2014060207.
  • Leichter-Saxby, Morgan (2007) Constructing the “Natural” Child: The Materiality of Play, Power and Subversion at Evergreen Adventure Playground. M.A. thesis, University of London. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  • Sutton, Lia (2005): Kinderparadijs (Children's Paradise): Advancing the Adventure Playground Movement, a student's thesis (Hampshire College, Massachusetts)
  • Wilson, Reilly Bergin (2014) Who Owns the Playground: Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground (1954–1961). M.A. thesis, University of Leeds.

Film edit

  • Erin Davis (2015): The Land
  • British Pathé (1950–1959): Come Out To Play Reel 2 1950–1959 includes a "junk playground" sequence.
  • William H. Whyte (1980): The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces includes a "junk playground" sequence.
  • Alliance for Childhood – play:ground NYC

Arts and Theatre edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Play is a process that is freely chosen, personally directed and intrinsically motivated. That is, children and young people determine and control the content and intent of their play, by following their own instincts, ideas and interests, in their own way for their own reasons." "Playwork Principles". playwales.org.uk. Playwork Principles Scrutiny Group. 2005. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
  2. ^ The Setagaya Play Park was featured in episode 48 of Arirang's "Going Global" series "Going Global _ Japan "adventure playground"". www.arirang.com. ARIRANG CULTURE. Archived from the original on 2021-12-19. Retrieved January 23, 2017.

References edit

  1. ^ Tao, Tao Holmes (November 6, 2015). "Playworkers, Ph.Ds, and the Growing Adventure Playground Movement". atlasobscura.com. Atlasobscura. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
  2. ^ Hayward, Geoffrey D.; Rothenberg, Marilyn; Beasley, Robert (1974). "Children's Play and Urban Playground Environments: A Comparison of Traditional, Contemporary, and Adventure Playground Types". Environment and Behavior. 6 (2): 131–168. doi:10.1177/001391657400600201. S2CID 220476708.
  3. ^ Shier, Harry (1984). Adventure Playgrounds: an introduction (PDF). London, UK: National Playing Fields Association.
  4. ^ Wilson, Penny (2010). The Playwork Primer (PDF). Alliance for Childhood.
  5. ^ Wilson, Reilly Bergin (2014). Who Owns the Playground: Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground (1954–1961) (M.A.). University of Leeds.
  6. ^ Wilson, Reilly Bergin (2014). Who Owns the Playground: Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground (1954–1961) (M.A.). University of Leeds. p. 21.
  7. ^ Robertson, Juliet (8 December 2017). "Simon Nicholson and The Theory of Loose Parts – 1 Million Thanks — Creative STAR Learning | I'm a teacher, get me OUTSIDE here!". creativestarlearning.co.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  8. ^ Nicholson, Simon (October 1971). "How Not To Treat Children: The Theory of Loose Parts". Landscape Architecture. 62: 30–34.
  9. ^ Weinstein, C. S.; David, T. G., eds. (11 November 2013). Spaces for children : the built environment and child development. Plenum Press. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-4684-5227-3. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  10. ^ Play Wales (July 2017). Resources for playing : providing loose parts to support children's play : A Toolkit (PDF). Play Wales. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-9932410-4-8. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  11. ^ Sutton, Lia (2011). "History of Adventure Playgrounds". adventureplaygrounds.hampshire.edu/.
  12. ^ a b Eisa, Nefertari Ulen (July 25, 2016). "When Play Is Criminalized: Racial Disparities in Childhood". truth-out.org. Truth Out. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  13. ^ Play:groundNYC (May 5, 2017). #playwork. New York, New York: @play_groundnyc.
  14. ^ Highmore, Ben (2013). "Playgrounds and Bombsites: Postwar Britain's Ruined Landscapes". Cultural Politics. 9 (3): 323–336. doi:10.1215/17432197-2347009.
  15. ^ Wilson, Reilly Bergin (2014). Who Owns the Playground: Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground (1954–1961) (M.A.). University of Leeds.
  16. ^ Smith, Mark K. (1996). "Featured book: Marie Paneth (1944) Branch Street. A sociological study, London: George Allen and Unwin". www.infed.org. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  17. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-07-17. Retrieved 2015-05-02.
  18. ^ Telus Spark (May 23, 2019). "Junkyard Playground". sparkscience.ca. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
  19. ^ Nerman, Danielle (September 20, 2016). "City wraps ups Calgary mobile adventure playground pilot". CBC News. Cagdary. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  20. ^ "Mobile Adventure Playground". calgary.ca. The City of Calgary. 2016. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  21. ^ "That time when Toronto had the greatest playground ever". blogTO. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
  22. ^ "Coquitlam's Adventure Playground ends this weekend, will it be back next year? Here's what we found". Newslight. 2018-08-31. Retrieved 2018-10-29.
  23. ^ "Letting kids be kids, a sneak peek at Coquitlam's new Adventure Playground". Newslight. 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-10-29.
  24. ^ Adventure Playground
  25. ^ "scv-adventure-play". scv-adventure-play. Retrieved 2019-07-04.
  26. ^ "Adventures Abound". Tokyo Weekender. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Weekender. May 20, 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  27. ^ "日本の冒険遊び場の歴史". bouken-asobiba.org. Japan adventure playground creation association. 2003. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  28. ^ "どんなところ？". Kawasaki City Children's Dream Park (川崎市子ども夢パーク). 2008. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  29. ^ "Adventure Playgrounds Copenhagen 2003" (PDF). YNKB. 2003. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  30. ^ "Børnenes Kulturkanon [The Children's Culture Canon]". skrammelvenner.dk (in Danish). Ministry of Culture Denmark. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  31. ^ "Bredegrund Byggelegeplads" (in Danish). Copenhagen Municipality. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  32. ^ "Bondegården og Byggelegepladsen i Remiseparken" (in Danish). Copenhagen Municipality. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  33. ^ "Byggelegepladsen Regnbuen" (in Danish). Copenhagen Municipality. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  34. ^ "Rødovre Byggelegeplads". Byggeren.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  35. ^ a b (in Danish). Rødovre Municipality. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  36. ^ (in Danish). Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  37. ^ "Legepladsen Skolemarken" (in Danish). Børn i byen. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  38. ^ "Legepladsen Søndergård" (in Danish). Børn i byen. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  39. ^ "Abenteuerspielplätze und Kinderbauernhöfe in Berlin" (in German). Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  40. ^ "Robi Spiel Aktionen" (in German). Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  41. ^ Leichter-Saxby, Morgan (2007). Constructing the "Natural" Child: The Materiality of Play, Power and Subversion at Evergreen Adventure Playground (MA). University of London.
  42. ^ Banyard, Natalie (January 18, 2017). "The story of a Bristol adventure playground is being turned into a major new musical". Bristol Post. Retrieved January 18, 2017.[permanent dead link]
  43. ^ Thorne, Jack (February 6, 2017). "Jack Thorne's Junkyard: how I turned an adventure playground into a musical". The Guardian. London. Retrieved February 12, 2017.

External links edit

  • The Overprotected Kid, The Atlantic, 2014
  • Inside a European Adventure Playground, The Atlantic, 2014
  • Where the wild things play, NPR, 2014
  • Play Wales, the national charity for children's play.
  • Adventure Playground: A Parable of Anarchy

January 01, 1970
adventure, playground, adventure, playground, specific, type, playground, children, take, many, forms, ranging, from, natural, playgrounds, junk, playgrounds, typically, defined, ethos, unrestricted, play, presence, playworkers, wardens, absence, adult, manufa. An adventure playground is a specific type of playground for children Adventure playgrounds can take many forms ranging from natural playgrounds to junk playgrounds and are typically defined by an ethos of unrestricted play the presence of playworkers or wardens and the absence of adult manufactured or rigid play structures 1 note 1 Adventure playgrounds are frequently defined in contrast to playing fields contemporary design playgrounds made by adult architects and traditional equipment play areas containing adult made rigid play structures like swings slides seesaws and climbing bars 2 A small adventure park in Lappeenranta Finland Contents 1 History 1 1 Denmark 1 2 The UK 2 List of adventure playgrounds 2 1 The Americas 2 2 Asia 2 3 Australia 2 4 Europe 3 Literature 4 Film 5 Arts and Theatre 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksHistory editHarry Shier in Adventure Playgrounds An Introduction 1984 defines an adventure playground this way An Adventure Playground is an area fenced off and set aside for children Within its boundaries children can play freely in their own way in their own time But what is special about an Adventure Playground is that here and increasingly in contemporary urban society only here children can build and shape the environment according to their own creative vision 3 The first planned playground of this type the Emdrup Junk Playground opened in Emdrup Denmark in 1943 In 1948 an adventure playground opened in Camberwell England The term junk playground is a calque from the Danish term skrammellegeplads Early examples of adventure playgrounds in the UK were known as junk playgrounds waste material playgrounds or bomb site adventure playgrounds 4 5 The term adventure playground was first adopted in the United Kingdom to describe waste material playgrounds in an effort to make the junk playground concept more palatable to local authorities 6 The architect Simon Nicholson numbered among the advantages of the adventure playground the relationship between experiment and play community involvement the catalytic value of play leaders and indeed the whole concept of a free society in miniature 7 Essential in this for Nicholson was the concept of loose parts In any environment both the degree of inventiveness and creativity and the possibility of discovery are directly proportional to the number and kind of variables in it 8 9 In a playground context loose parts would include 10 natural resources such as straw mud and pine cones building materials and tools planks nails hammers scrap materials old tyres off cuts of guttering bark which can be both safe playground surfacing and a loose part and most essentially random found objects Denmark edit The first junk playgrounds were based on the ideas of Carl Theodor Sorensen a Danish landscape architect who noticed that children preferred to play everywhere but in the playgrounds that he designed In 1931 inspired by the sight of children playing in a construction site he imagined A junk playground in which children could create and shape dream and imagine a reality His aim was to provide children living in cities the same opportunities for play that were enjoyed by children living in rural areas 11 The first adventure playground was set up by a Workers Cooperative Housing Association in Emdrup Denmark during the German occupation of the 1940s The playground at Emdrup grew out of the spirit of resistance to Nazi occupation and parents fears that their children s play might be mistaken for acts of sabotage by soldiers 12 Play advocates sometimes emphasize the importance of adventure playgrounds for children of color in the United States where policing can feel like a kind of occupation 12 Mischievousness and sneaking around were criminalized in Nazi occupied Copenhagen Adventure Playgrounds were born as a response Play groundNYC playwork 13 The UK edit Marjory Allen an English landscape architect and child welfare advocate visited and subsequently wrote a widely read article about the Emdrup Adventure playground titled Why Not Use Our Bomb Sites Like This and published in the Picture Post in 1946 14 While Marjory Allen s article is often credited with the introduction into the UK of the idea of transforming bomb sites into junk playgrounds historians of the Adventure playground movement have pointed to the role played by other experiments carried out by youth workers in the UK For example Marie Paneth an art therapist heavily influenced by Freud independently developed the concept of permissive play as a tool for ameliorating childhood aggression in her work running a blitz era play centre in London although not specifically incorporating the elements of a Junk Adventure playground pointing to her role in the history of UK specific Playwork development 15 16 List of adventure playgrounds editTo date there are approximately 1 000 adventure playgrounds in Europe most of them in England Denmark France Germany The Netherlands and Switzerland Japan also has a significant number of adventure playgrounds 17 The Americas edit Canada TELUS Spark in Calgary Alberta has a Junkyard Playground open in the summer months 18 The city of Calgary in Alberta Canada piloted a mobile adventure playground in five city parks during the summer of 2016 19 20 Toronto Ontario hosted an Adventure Playground from 1974 until the mid 1980s It was a part of the revitalization of the waterfront called Harbourfront Centre 21 The City of Coquitlam in British Columbia created an Adventure Playground in the summer of 2018 as a pilot project 22 23 United States The Yard The first adventure playground in the United States Adventure Playground in Berkeley California Huntington Beach Adventure Playground in Huntington Beach California Adventure Playground in Irvine California 24 Sacramento Adventure Playground in Sacramento California The Hands on Nature Anarchy Zone in the Ithaca Children s Garden Ithaca NY Adventure Playground at The Parish School in Houston Texas Play groundNYC on Governors Island in New York City SCV Adventure Play Foundation in Val Verde CA 25 Heckscher Playground in New York City s Central Park Tarr Family Playground also in Central Park in New York City Asia edit Japan The Setagaya Play Park or Junk Playground in Hanegi Park in Setagaya ward Tokyo Japan 26 27 note 2 Children s Dream Park 川崎市子ども夢パーク or Yume Park in Shimosakunobe Kawasaki Takatsu Ward Kanagawa Prefecture Japan 28 Australia edit The Venny Kensington Adventure Playground Kensington Victoria Europe edit Denmark Denmark has several adventure playgrounds now known as Byggelegeplads Building playground and formerly as Skrammellegeplads Junk playground 29 From the first site in Emdrup the idea spread across the country and at the height of the popularity in the 1960s there were about 100 adventure playgrounds in the country 30 Present active adventure playgrounds in Denmark includes Skrammellegepladsen in Emdrup Copenhagen Bredegrund Byggelegeplads on Amager Copenhagen 31 Remiseparken on Amager next to Bredegrund 32 Regnbuen in Hvidovre a suburb of Copenhagen 33 Rodovre Byggelegeplads in Rodovre a suburb of Copenhagen 34 Byggelegepladsen Broparken Rodovre 35 Byggelegepladsen Ronneholm Rodovre 35 Hojkjaer Byggelegeplads in Brondby a suburb of Copenhagen 36 Skolemarken in Aarhus 37 Sondergard in Lystrup a suburb of Aarhus 38 Germany Abenteuerspielplatze und Kinderbauernhofe in Berlin or AKiB for short is a federation of adventure playgrounds and children s farms in Berlin Germany 39 Sweden St Hans bygglekplats in Lund Borgarparkens bygglekplats in Lund Klostergardens bygglekplats in Lund Switzerland Robi Spiel Aktionen An organization of adventure playgrounds in Basel Switzerland 40 United Kingdom Camberwell England Eccleshill Adventure Playground also known as The Big Swing Bradford England Evergreen Adventure Playground Dalston London 41 Lockleaze Adventure Playground Bristol UK 42 Felix Road Adventure Playground Bristol UK St Paul s Adventure Playground Bristol UK The Land Adventure playground in Wrexham Wales UK The Triangle Adventure Playground in Oval South London London s oldest adventure playground still located on its original site Meriden Adventure Playground Solihull West Midlands Glamis Adventure Playground Tower Hamlets LondonLiterature editC Th Sorensen 1931 Parkpolitik i Sogn og Kobstad in Danish Risk and Safety in Play The law and practice for adventure playgrounds 2003 Joan Almon Editor 2017 Playing It Up With Loose Parts Playpods and Adventure Playgrounds Annapolis MD Alliance for Childhood Mike Lanza 2012 Playborhood Turn Your Neighborhood Into a Place for Play Free Play Press Academic BDJA Adventure playgrounds and city farms in Europe and what they contribute to sustainable urban development a study from Germany Kotliar I A and Sokolova M V 2014 Adventure Playground as an Example of the Child s Right to Play Psychological Science and Education Psyedu ru 6 no 2 2 81 90 doi 10 17759 psyedu 2014060207 Leichter Saxby Morgan 2007 Constructing the Natural Child The Materiality of Play Power and Subversion at Evergreen Adventure Playground M A thesis University of London Retrieved 22 January 2017 Sutton Lia 2005 Kinderparadijs Children s Paradise Advancing the Adventure Playground Movement a student s thesis Hampshire College Massachusetts Wilson Reilly Bergin 2014 Who Owns the Playground Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground 1954 1961 M A thesis University of Leeds Film editErin Davis 2015 The Land British Pathe 1950 1959 Come Out To Play Reel 2 1950 1959 includes a junk playground sequence William H Whyte 1980 The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces includes a junk playground sequence Alliance for Childhood play ground NYCArts and Theatre editJunkyard musical written by Jack Thorne about Lockleaze Adventure playground or The Vench in Bristol 43 See also editChildren s street culture Home zone Play street Playwork Pop Up Adventure Play Sudbury School Tinkering School Makerspaces Free range parenting Forest kindergarten Lady Allen of HurtwoodNotes edit Play is a process that is freely chosen personally directed and intrinsically motivated That is children and young people determine and control the content and intent of their play by following their own instincts ideas and interests in their own way for their own reasons Playwork Principles playwales org uk Playwork Principles Scrutiny Group 2005 Retrieved January 29 2017 The Setagaya Play Park was featured in episode 48 of Arirang s Going Global series Going Global Japan adventure playground www arirang com ARIRANG CULTURE Archived from the original on 2021 12 19 Retrieved January 23 2017 References edit Tao Tao Holmes November 6 2015 Playworkers Ph Ds and the Growing Adventure Playground Movement atlasobscura com Atlasobscura Retrieved January 29 2017 Hayward Geoffrey D Rothenberg Marilyn Beasley Robert 1974 Children s Play and Urban Playground Environments A Comparison of Traditional Contemporary and Adventure Playground Types Environment and Behavior 6 2 131 168 doi 10 1177 001391657400600201 S2CID 220476708 Shier Harry 1984 Adventure Playgrounds an introduction PDF London UK National Playing Fields Association Wilson Penny 2010 The Playwork Primer PDF Alliance for Childhood Wilson Reilly Bergin 2014 Who Owns the Playground Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground 1954 1961 M A University of Leeds Wilson Reilly Bergin 2014 Who Owns the Playground Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground 1954 1961 M A University of Leeds p 21 Robertson Juliet 8 December 2017 Simon Nicholson and The Theory of Loose Parts 1 Million Thanks Creative STAR Learning I m a teacher get me OUTSIDE here creativestarlearning co uk Retrieved 29 November 2018 Nicholson Simon October 1971 How Not To Treat Children The Theory of Loose Parts Landscape Architecture 62 30 34 Weinstein C S David T G eds 11 November 2013 Spaces for children the built environment and child development Plenum Press p 205 ISBN 978 1 4684 5227 3 Retrieved 29 November 2018 Play Wales July 2017 Resources for playing providing loose parts to support children s play A Toolkit PDF Play Wales p 6 ISBN 978 0 9932410 4 8 Retrieved 29 November 2018 Sutton Lia 2011 History of Adventure Playgrounds adventureplaygrounds hampshire edu a b Eisa Nefertari Ulen July 25 2016 When Play Is Criminalized Racial Disparities in Childhood truth out org Truth Out Retrieved January 22 2017 Play groundNYC May 5 2017 playwork New York New York play groundnyc Highmore Ben 2013 Playgrounds and Bombsites Postwar Britain s Ruined Landscapes Cultural Politics 9 3 323 336 doi 10 1215 17432197 2347009 Wilson Reilly Bergin 2014 Who Owns the Playground Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground 1954 1961 M A University of Leeds Smith Mark K 1996 Featured book Marie Paneth 1944 Branch Street A sociological study London George Allen and Unwin www infed org Retrieved January 23 2017 The Play and Playground Encyclopedia Archived from the original on 2015 07 17 Retrieved 2015 05 02 Telus Spark May 23 2019 Junkyard Playground sparkscience ca Retrieved October 12 2019 Nerman Danielle September 20 2016 City wraps ups Calgary mobile adventure playground pilot CBC News Cagdary Retrieved January 18 2017 Mobile Adventure Playground calgary ca The City of Calgary 2016 Retrieved January 18 2017 That time when Toronto had the greatest playground ever blogTO Retrieved 2017 09 24 Coquitlam s Adventure Playground ends this weekend will it be back next year Here s what we found Newslight 2018 08 31 Retrieved 2018 10 29 Letting kids be kids a sneak peek at Coquitlam s new Adventure Playground Newslight 2018 06 29 Retrieved 2018 10 29 Adventure Playground scv adventure play scv adventure play Retrieved 2019 07 04 Adventures Abound Tokyo Weekender Tokyo Japan Tokyo Weekender May 20 2010 Retrieved January 17 2017 日本の冒険遊び場の歴史 bouken asobiba org Japan adventure playground creation association 2003 Retrieved January 17 2017 どんなところ Kawasaki City Children s Dream Park 川崎市子ども夢パーク 2008 Retrieved January 23 2017 Adventure Playgrounds Copenhagen 2003 PDF YNKB 2003 Retrieved 22 February 2016 Bornenes Kulturkanon The Children s Culture Canon skrammelvenner dk in Danish Ministry of Culture Denmark Retrieved 22 February 2016 Bredegrund Byggelegeplads in Danish Copenhagen Municipality Retrieved 7 December 2014 Bondegarden og Byggelegepladsen i Remiseparken in Danish Copenhagen Municipality Retrieved 7 December 2014 Byggelegepladsen Regnbuen in Danish Copenhagen Municipality Retrieved 7 December 2014 Rodovre Byggelegeplads Byggeren dk in Danish Retrieved 7 December 2014 a b Byggelegepladser i Rodovre Kommune in Danish Rodovre Municipality Archived from the original on 20 December 2016 Retrieved 7 December 2014 Hojkjaer Byggelegeplads in Danish Archived from the original on 17 December 2014 Retrieved 7 December 2014 Legepladsen Skolemarken in Danish Born i byen Retrieved 7 December 2014 Legepladsen Sondergard in Danish Born i byen Retrieved 7 December 2014 Abenteuerspielplatze und Kinderbauernhofe in Berlin in German Retrieved 28 April 2021 Robi Spiel Aktionen in German Retrieved 28 April 2021 Leichter Saxby Morgan 2007 Constructing the Natural Child The Materiality of Play Power and Subversion at Evergreen Adventure Playground MA University of London Banyard Natalie January 18 2017 The story of a Bristol adventure playground is being turned into a major new musical Bristol Post Retrieved January 18 2017 permanent dead link Thorne Jack February 6 2017 Jack Thorne s Junkyard how I turned an adventure playground into a musical The Guardian London Retrieved February 12 2017 External links editThe Overprotected Kid The Atlantic 2014 Inside a European Adventure Playground The Atlantic 2014 Where the wild things play NPR 2014 Play Wales the national charity for children s play Adventure Playground A Parable of Anarchy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Adventure playground amp oldid 1218695314, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.