In law, a hearing is the formal examination of a case (civil or criminal) before a judge.[1] It is a proceeding before a court or other decision-making body or officer, such as a government agency or a legislative committee.
A hearing is generally distinguished from a trial in that it is usually shorter and often less formal.[2][3]
During the course of litigation, oral arguments are presented in support of motions at hearings. The purpose of these arguments may be to resolve the case without further trial, such as through a motion to dismiss or for summary judgment, or to decide discrete issues of law, such as the admissibility of evidence, which will determine how the trial proceeds. Limited evidence and testimony may also be presented at hearings to supplement the legal arguments.[2]
Typesedit
Terminology varies from country to country, and there are different types of hearings under different legal systems.
A preliminary hearing (also known as evidentiary hearing, probable cause hearing, and other variant terms) is a proceeding, after a criminal complaint has been filed by the prosecutor, to determine whether there is enough evidence to require a trial.
Australiaedit
A hearing is a part of the court process in Australia. There are different types of hearing in a case. There may be several hearings, although not all may be scheduled. These include:[4]
court mentions, where a case first is heard in court;[5][6] and/or
directions hearing(s) (a brief hearing in front of a judge or commissioner);[7] and
a contest mention, where disputed issues are resolved, this is the part of the hearing where evidence may be adduced (the process of putting forward or presenting evidence or arguments for consideration by the court[8]); a "type of pre-trial hearing which aims to facilitate early guilty pleas and narrow the issues in dispute".[9]
United Kingdomedit
A hearing is a part of the court process in England and Wales. The term "rolled-up hearing" is also used, referring to occasions when permission is considered for a procedural application on the basis that, if permission is granted, the substantive application will be heard immediately afterwards.[10]
There are several different types of hearings in the US legal system, each serving a unique purpose.
Preliminary hearings are used to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to require a trial. In a preliminary hearing, a judge listens to arguments and evidence from both sides before deciding whether the case should proceed to trial.
Motion hearings are held when a party asks the court to take a specific action in the case. For example, a party may request that certain evidence be excluded from trial or that a case be dismissed before trial. In a motion hearing, each side presents arguments and evidence to the judge, who then makes a decision based on the law and facts presented.
Evidentiary hearings are used to resolve disputes related to evidence in a case. During an evidentiary hearing, parties present arguments and evidence related to the admissibility of certain evidence or the validity of expert testimony. The judge then makes a ruling on whether the evidence in question can be presented at trial.
Depositions are another type of hearing commonly used in the US legal system. Depositions involve sworn testimony from a witness or party in a case, taken outside of court and recorded by a court reporter. Depositions are often used to gather information before trial or to impeach the credibility of a witness at trial.
In the mid-20th century, as a result of what has been called the "due process revolution," a series of Supreme Court decisions expanded the rights of individuals in legal proceedings and required more formal procedures and protections.
One key decision during this period was Goldberg v. Kelly (1970), which involved a challenge to the system for terminating welfare benefits in New York. The Court held that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires that individuals have the opportunity to be heard and present evidence before their benefits are terminated.
The decision in Goldberg helped to establish the principle that many administrative decisions require some form of hearing or other procedure to ensure that individuals are not deprived of their rights without due process of law. It also illustrated that what constitutes a hearing can depend on the context. In Goldberg, the goal of a speedy decision was held to "justify the limitation of the pre-termination hearing to minimum procedural safeguards", which included such basic matters as the right to appear and to cross-examine witnesses, but did not include "a complete record and a comprehensive opinion". This has had a significant impact on the US legal system, leading to an increase in the number of hearings and other procedures required in a wide range of legal contexts.
^"Hearing | Legal Process, Evidence & Procedure | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. 21 February 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
^ abLorch, Robert (1980). Democratic Process and Administrative Law. Wayne State University Press. ISBN0-8143-1513-5.
^. www.politics.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-07-11. Retrieved 2016-06-05.
^. Children's Court of Victoria. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^"What is a Court Mention?". OpenLegal. 15 July 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
^"Directions Hearings and Court Mentions". Meillon & Bright. 24 May 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
^"Directions hearings". Courts Administration Authority of South Australia. 21 October 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
^"Glossary". Legal Aid NSW. 9 February 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
^"Contest Mention Information Guide". Magistrates Court of Tasmania. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
^England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division), Simmons v Castle & Ors [2012] EWCA Civ 1288, delivered 10 October 2012, accessed 24 February 2023
January 01, 1970
hearing, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citati. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Hearing law news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2019 Learn how and when to remove this message The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this article discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new article as appropriate January 2019 Learn how and when to remove this message Learn how and when to remove this message In law a hearing is the formal examination of a case civil or criminal before a judge 1 It is a proceeding before a court or other decision making body or officer such as a government agency or a legislative committee United States National Transportation Safety Board hearing in 2017 covering the causes to a deHavilland Otter crash in 2015 Contents 1 Description 2 Types 2 1 Australia 2 2 United Kingdom 2 3 United States 3 See also 4 ReferencesDescription editA hearing is generally distinguished from a trial in that it is usually shorter and often less formal 2 3 During the course of litigation oral arguments are presented in support of motions at hearings The purpose of these arguments may be to resolve the case without further trial such as through a motion to dismiss or for summary judgment or to decide discrete issues of law such as the admissibility of evidence which will determine how the trial proceeds Limited evidence and testimony may also be presented at hearings to supplement the legal arguments 2 Types editTerminology varies from country to country and there are different types of hearings under different legal systems A preliminary hearing also known as evidentiary hearing probable cause hearing and other variant terms is a proceeding after a criminal complaint has been filed by the prosecutor to determine whether there is enough evidence to require a trial Australia edit A hearing is a part of the court process in Australia There are different types of hearing in a case There may be several hearings although not all may be scheduled These include 4 court mentions where a case first is heard in court 5 6 and or directions hearing s a brief hearing in front of a judge or commissioner 7 and a contest mention where disputed issues are resolved this is the part of the hearing where evidence may be adduced the process of putting forward or presenting evidence or arguments for consideration by the court 8 a type of pre trial hearing which aims to facilitate early guilty pleas and narrow the issues in dispute 9 United Kingdom edit A hearing is a part of the court process in England and Wales The term rolled up hearing is also used referring to occasions when permission is considered for a procedural application on the basis that if permission is granted the substantive application will be heard immediately afterwards 10 United States edit nbsp Picture from the Berry confirmation hearing by the U S Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs in the Dirksen Senate Office Building Rm 342 Congressional hearing Unofficial hearing There are several different types of hearings in the US legal system each serving a unique purpose Preliminary hearings are used to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to require a trial In a preliminary hearing a judge listens to arguments and evidence from both sides before deciding whether the case should proceed to trial Motion hearings are held when a party asks the court to take a specific action in the case For example a party may request that certain evidence be excluded from trial or that a case be dismissed before trial In a motion hearing each side presents arguments and evidence to the judge who then makes a decision based on the law and facts presented Evidentiary hearings are used to resolve disputes related to evidence in a case During an evidentiary hearing parties present arguments and evidence related to the admissibility of certain evidence or the validity of expert testimony The judge then makes a ruling on whether the evidence in question can be presented at trial Depositions are another type of hearing commonly used in the US legal system Depositions involve sworn testimony from a witness or party in a case taken outside of court and recorded by a court reporter Depositions are often used to gather information before trial or to impeach the credibility of a witness at trial In the mid 20th century as a result of what has been called the due process revolution a series of Supreme Court decisions expanded the rights of individuals in legal proceedings and required more formal procedures and protections One key decision during this period was Goldberg v Kelly 1970 which involved a challenge to the system for terminating welfare benefits in New York The Court held that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires that individuals have the opportunity to be heard and present evidence before their benefits are terminated The decision in Goldberg helped to establish the principle that many administrative decisions require some form of hearing or other procedure to ensure that individuals are not deprived of their rights without due process of law It also illustrated that what constitutes a hearing can depend on the context In Goldberg the goal of a speedy decision was held to justify the limitation of the pre termination hearing to minimum procedural safeguards which included such basic matters as the right to appear and to cross examine witnesses but did not include a complete record and a comprehensive opinion This has had a significant impact on the US legal system leading to an increase in the number of hearings and other procedures required in a wide range of legal contexts See also editContinuance Due process Jury trial Lawsuit another type of legal proceeding Natural justice Right to a fair trial Rule of law Trial by ordealReferences edit Hearing Legal Process Evidence amp Procedure Britannica Encyclopedia Britannica 21 February 2024 Retrieved 12 April 2024 a b Lorch Robert 1980 Democratic Process and Administrative Law Wayne State University Press ISBN 0 8143 1513 5 Sorry we can t find that page www politics ox ac uk Archived from the original on 2016 07 11 Retrieved 2016 06 05 Family Division Hearing Types Children s Court of Victoria Archived from the original on 6 March 2022 Retrieved 23 March 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link What is a Court Mention OpenLegal 15 July 2021 Retrieved 23 March 2022 Directions Hearings and Court Mentions Meillon amp Bright 24 May 2021 Retrieved 23 March 2022 Directions hearings Courts Administration Authority of South Australia 21 October 2021 Retrieved 23 March 2022 Glossary Legal Aid NSW 9 February 2017 Retrieved 23 March 2022 Contest Mention Information Guide Magistrates Court of Tasmania Retrieved 23 March 2022 England and Wales Court of Appeal Civil Division Simmons v Castle amp Ors 2012 EWCA Civ 1288 delivered 10 October 2012 accessed 24 February 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hearing law amp oldid 1218594922, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
