An acarinarium is a specialized anatomical structure which is evolved to facilitate the retention of mites on the body of an organism, typically a bee or a wasp. The term was introduced by Walter Karl Johann Roepke.[1]
The acarinarium has evolved to enhance the mutualistic relationship between the mites and the host organism. There are numerous cases where mites are phoretic on organisms that benefit from the mites' presence; cases where the host's body has changed over evolutionary time to accommodate the mites are far less common. The best-known examples are among the ApocritanHymenoptera, in which the hosts are typically nest-making species, and it appears that the mites feed on fungi in the host nests (thus keeping away the fungi from host's offspring or their provisions), or possibly other parasites or mites whose presence in the nest is detrimental to the hosts. It is especially telling that nearly all the examples involve only the females of the host species, as it is the females that build and provision the nests.[2] Fossil evidence of halictid bees with an acarinarium is found in the early Miocene extinct genus Oligochlora from Dominican amber deposits on Hispaniola.[3]
The presence or absence of this structure has been used as a taxonomic character.[3][4]
Variationsedit
Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) pubescens with symbiotic mites (Dinogamasus sp.)
Several examples can be found among the bees, and in most such cases, only the females possess acarinaria:
Various forms of acarinaria have evolved within different lineages of carpenter bees, in the Old World subgenera Koptortosoma and Mesotrichia - in some cases, the entire anterior portion of the metasoma is hollowed out into an enormous internal chamber, entered through a small opening on the face of the first metasomal tergite, in which the mites can travel. Some species in these groups also have supplementary acarinaria on the mesosoma in addition to the metasomal chamber.
The augochlorinehalictid genus Thectochlora is characterized by a dense brush of hairs just in front of the anterior face of the first metasomal tergite (the same effective location as in carpenter bees), which sets off a "pouchlike" space in which the mites are carried.
In the nominate subgenus of the halictine genus Lasioglossum, many species have the anterior face of the first metasomal tergite modified by the elimination of the central setae, forming a central glabrous area, around which there is a fringe of appressed hairs, and mites cling to this area. Species without this modification rarely if ever have mites in this region, while those with the glabrous area almost never lack mites, so despite its simple nature it does indeed appear to function as an acarinarium. In some cases, sister species may differ in this feature, one having an acarinarium, and one lacking it, suggesting that the trait can be lost and possibly regained.
Other examples include:
In the potter wasp genus Parancistrocerus, the base of the second metasomal tergite is concave, and covered by the posterior lip of the first metasomal tergite, and mites are carried in the concavity. This structure appears the same in both males and females, though it is difficult to assess whether both sexes carry mites with equal frequency.[5]
Referencesedit
^Walter Karl Johann Roepke (1920). "Verslag van de drie-en-vijftigste wintervergadering der Nederlandsche Entomologisch Vereeninging" [Report on the fifty-third winter meeting of the Dutch Entomological Society]. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie (in Dutch). 63: 11–18.
^Michener, C.D. (2000). The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN0-8018-6133-0.
^ abMichael S. Engel & Molly G. Rightmyer (2000). "A new augochlorine bee species in Tertiary amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)". Apidologie. 31 (3): 431–436. doi:10.1051/apido:2000133.
^Okabe, Kimiko; Makino, Shun’ichi (2002). "Phoretic mite fauna on the large carpenter bee Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans (Hymenoptera: Apidae) with descriptions of its acarinaria on both sexes". Journal of the Acarological Society of Japan. 11 (2): 73–84. doi:10.2300/acari.11.73.
^Boesi, Roberto; Carlo Polidori; Jose Tormo; Stefania Bevacqua; Josep Daniel Asis; Francesco Andriett (2005). "Trap-nesting Ancistrocerus sikhimensis (Hymenoptera:Eumenidae) in Nepal: nest structure and associates (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae; Acarina:Saproglyphidae)". Florida Entomologist. 88 (2): 135–140. doi:10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0135:TASHEI]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0015-4040.
External linksedit
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Bees and mites
December 15, 2023
acarinarium, acarinarium, specialized, anatomical, structure, which, evolved, facilitate, retention, mites, body, organism, typically, wasp, term, introduced, walter, karl, johann, roepke, xylocopaacaridae, horstia, under, first, metasomal, tergite, xylocopa, . An acarinarium is a specialized anatomical structure which is evolved to facilitate the retention of mites on the body of an organism typically a bee or a wasp The term was introduced by Walter Karl Johann Roepke 1 Acarinarium in XylocopaAcaridae Horstia under the first metasomal tergite in Xylocopa spp Contents 1 Evolution 2 Variations 3 References 4 External linksEvolution editThe acarinarium has evolved to enhance the mutualistic relationship between the mites and the host organism There are numerous cases where mites are phoretic on organisms that benefit from the mites presence cases where the host s body has changed over evolutionary time to accommodate the mites are far less common The best known examples are among the Apocritan Hymenoptera in which the hosts are typically nest making species and it appears that the mites feed on fungi in the host nests thus keeping away the fungi from host s offspring or their provisions or possibly other parasites or mites whose presence in the nest is detrimental to the hosts It is especially telling that nearly all the examples involve only the females of the host species as it is the females that build and provision the nests 2 Fossil evidence of halictid bees with an acarinarium is found in the early Miocene extinct genus Oligochlora from Dominican amber deposits on Hispaniola 3 The presence or absence of this structure has been used as a taxonomic character 3 4 Variations edit nbsp Xylocopa Koptortosoma pubescens with symbiotic mites Dinogamasus sp Several examples can be found among the bees and in most such cases only the females possess acarinaria Various forms of acarinaria have evolved within different lineages of carpenter bees in the Old World subgenera Koptortosoma and Mesotrichia in some cases the entire anterior portion of the metasoma is hollowed out into an enormous internal chamber entered through a small opening on the face of the first metasomal tergite in which the mites can travel Some species in these groups also have supplementary acarinaria on the mesosoma in addition to the metasomal chamber The augochlorine halictid genus Thectochlora is characterized by a dense brush of hairs just in front of the anterior face of the first metasomal tergite the same effective location as in carpenter bees which sets off a pouchlike space in which the mites are carried In the nominate subgenus of the halictine genus Lasioglossum many species have the anterior face of the first metasomal tergite modified by the elimination of the central setae forming a central glabrous area around which there is a fringe of appressed hairs and mites cling to this area Species without this modification rarely if ever have mites in this region while those with the glabrous area almost never lack mites so despite its simple nature it does indeed appear to function as an acarinarium In some cases sister species may differ in this feature one having an acarinarium and one lacking it suggesting that the trait can be lost and possibly regained Other examples include In the potter wasp genus Parancistrocerus the base of the second metasomal tergite is concave and covered by the posterior lip of the first metasomal tergite and mites are carried in the concavity This structure appears the same in both males and females though it is difficult to assess whether both sexes carry mites with equal frequency 5 References edit Walter Karl Johann Roepke 1920 Verslag van de drie en vijftigste wintervergadering der Nederlandsche Entomologisch Vereeninging Report on the fifty third winter meeting of the Dutch Entomological Society Tijdschrift voor Entomologie in Dutch 63 11 18 Michener C D 2000 The Bees of the World Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 0 8018 6133 0 a b Michael S Engel amp Molly G Rightmyer 2000 A new augochlorine bee species in Tertiary amber from the Dominican Republic Hymenoptera Halictidae Apidologie 31 3 431 436 doi 10 1051 apido 2000133 Okabe Kimiko Makino Shun ichi 2002 Phoretic mite fauna on the large carpenter bee Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans Hymenoptera Apidae with descriptions of its acarinaria on both sexes Journal of the Acarological Society of Japan 11 2 73 84 doi 10 2300 acari 11 73 Boesi Roberto Carlo Polidori Jose Tormo Stefania Bevacqua Josep Daniel Asis Francesco Andriett 2005 Trap nesting Ancistrocerus sikhimensis Hymenoptera Eumenidae in Nepal nest structure and associates Hymenoptera Chrysididae Acarina Saproglyphidae Florida Entomologist 88 2 135 140 doi 10 1653 0015 4040 2005 088 0135 TASHEI 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 0015 4040 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acarinarium Bees and mites Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Acarinarium amp oldid 1168870530, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
