This article is about the original French academy of architecture. For the current French academy of architecture, see Académie d'architecture.
The Académie Royale d'Architecture (French:[akademiʁwajald‿aʁʃitɛktyʁ]; English: "Royal Academy of Architecture") was a French learned society founded in 1671. It had a leading role in influencing architectural theory and education, not only in France, but throughout Europe and the Americas from the late 17th century to the mid-20th.[1]
Académie Royale d'Architecture
Commemorative medallion, 1671
Latin: Regia architectonices academia instituta MDCLXXI
The Académie Royale d'Architecture was founded on December 30, 1671, by Louis XIV, king of France under the impulsion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert. Its first director was the mathematician and engineer François Blondel (1618–1686), and the secretary was André Félibien (1619 –1695).
The academy was housed in the Louvre for most of its existence, and included a school of architecture. Its members met weekly.[1]Jacques-François Blondel describes the academy quarters in his Architecture françoise of 1756. The main rooms were on the ground floor and included two lecture halls, one for meetings of the academy members on Mondays and mathematics lectures on Wednesdays (B3), and another for public lectures on architecture on Mondays (B4). There was also a large room for the display of architectural models (B5). The rooms for the secretary of the academy were in the mezzanine level, reached via the staircase. The academy quarters were temporarily roofed at the level of the main floor (premier étage), since much of the Louvre still lacked a roof at the level of the attic.[2] The attic roof was finally added under Napoleon.
Louvre ground-floor plan of 1754 showing the Académie rooms (yellow), located in the north wing (bottom)
Detail showing the Académie rooms
The Louvre on the 1739 Turgot map of Paris, showing the parts which remained unroofed
The Académie d'Architecture was suppressed in 1793, but later revived and merged in 1816 into the Académie des Beaux-Arts, together with the Académie de Peinture et de Sculpture (Academy of Painting and Sculpture, founded 1648) and the Académie de Musique (Academy of Music, founded in 1669). In addition, the traditions of the Académie d'Architecture were maintained and spread by the architecture section of the École des Beaux-Arts up to 1968, when the French government completely reorganized architectural education.[1]
The Académie des Beaux-Arts is now one of the five academies of the Institut de France.
Design competitionsedit
From 1720 to 1968, the Académie Royale d'Architecture and its successors held annual competitions for the Grand Prix de Rome in architecture. The winner was typically required to study for several years at the Académie de France in Rome. In 1763 Jacques-François Blondel established less ambitious monthly competitions, which encouraged students to devote more time to their school work during their time in their supervisor's studios.[1]
Membersedit
The eight members upon the academy's founding in 1671 were:[1]
Subsequent edicts of the crown increased the membership. By 1793 there were 33 members, divided into two classes, plus a third consisting of correspondents living in the French provinces and in foreign countries.[1]
Richard Mique (1728–1794), elected member 1775, director 1783[9]
Documentationedit
From 1911 to 1929, the French art historianHenry Lemonnier published the proceedings of the academy in ten volumes with the title Procès-verbaux de l'Académie royale d'architecture 1671–1793:
^Le Bas 1840, pp. 82–85; Lemonnier 1929, pp. 305–308.
^"Mansart: (2) Jules Hardouin Mansart" at Oxford Art Online (subscription required).
^Le Bas 1840, p. 84, gives 1687 for Robert de Cotte's nomination as a member and director; Robert Neuman writes that de Cotte succeeded Hardouin-Mansart as director in 1699 ("Cotte, Robert de" at Oxford Art Online, subscription required).
^"Boullée, Etienne-Louis" at Oxford Art Online (subscription required).
^Le Bas 1840, p. 84; see also Lemonnier vol. 8 (1924), pp. 321–323, 331–333.
Bibliographyedit
Blondel, Jacques-François (1756). Architecture françoise, vol. 4, book 6. Paris: Charles-Antoine Jombert. Copy at Gallica; copy at Kyoto University Library.
Cleary, Richard (1996). "Paris, VI. Institutions, 2. Académie Royale d'Architecture", vol. 24, pp. 169–171, in The Dictionary of Art, 34 volumes, edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove. ISBN9781884446009. Also available at Oxford Art Online (subscription required).
Le Bas, Philippe, editor (1840). France. Dictionnaire encyclopédique, volume 1 (A–Az). Paris: Didot Frères. See the article "Académie d'architecture", pp. 82–85 (at Google Books).
Lemonnier, Henry ([1929]). Procès-verbaux de l'académie royale d'architecture. Tome X: Table générale. Paris: Armand Colin. OCLC 491723214. Copy at Internet Archive.
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November 14, 2023
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This article is about the original French academy of architecture For the current French academy of architecture see Academie d architecture The Academie Royale d Architecture French akademi ʁwajal d aʁʃitɛktyʁ English Royal Academy of Architecture was a French learned society founded in 1671 It had a leading role in influencing architectural theory and education not only in France but throughout Europe and the Americas from the late 17th century to the mid 20th 1 Academie Royale d ArchitectureCommemorative medallion 1671Latin Regia architectonices academia instituta MDCLXXIFounder s Louis XIV of France Jean Baptiste ColbertEstablished1671HeadFrancois Blondel 1671 Members8 at founding 33 in 1793LocationParis FranceDissolved1793 1816 Contents 1 History 2 Design competitions 3 Members 4 Documentation 5 See also 6 Notes 7 BibliographyHistory editThe Academie Royale d Architecture was founded on December 30 1671 by Louis XIV king of France under the impulsion of Jean Baptiste Colbert Its first director was the mathematician and engineer Francois Blondel 1618 1686 and the secretary was Andre Felibien 1619 1695 The academy was housed in the Louvre for most of its existence and included a school of architecture Its members met weekly 1 Jacques Francois Blondel describes the academy quarters in his Architecture francoise of 1756 The main rooms were on the ground floor and included two lecture halls one for meetings of the academy members on Mondays and mathematics lectures on Wednesdays B3 and another for public lectures on architecture on Mondays B4 There was also a large room for the display of architectural models B5 The rooms for the secretary of the academy were in the mezzanine level reached via the staircase The academy quarters were temporarily roofed at the level of the main floor premier etage since much of the Louvre still lacked a roof at the level of the attic 2 The attic roof was finally added under Napoleon nbsp Louvre ground floor plan of 1754 showing the Academie rooms yellow located in the north wing bottom nbsp Detail showing the Academie rooms nbsp The Louvre on the 1739 Turgot map of Paris showing the parts which remained unroofedThe Academie d Architecture was suppressed in 1793 but later revived and merged in 1816 into the Academie des Beaux Arts together with the Academie de Peinture et de Sculpture Academy of Painting and Sculpture founded 1648 and the Academie de Musique Academy of Music founded in 1669 In addition the traditions of the Academie d Architecture were maintained and spread by the architecture section of the Ecole des Beaux Arts up to 1968 when the French government completely reorganized architectural education 1 The Academie des Beaux Arts is now one of the five academies of the Institut de France Design competitions editFrom 1720 to 1968 the Academie Royale d Architecture and its successors held annual competitions for the Grand Prix de Rome in architecture The winner was typically required to study for several years at the Academie de France in Rome In 1763 Jacques Francois Blondel established less ambitious monthly competitions which encouraged students to devote more time to their school work during their time in their supervisor s studios 1 Members editThe eight members upon the academy s founding in 1671 were 1 Francois Blondel professor and director Andre Felibien secretary Liberal Bruant architect Daniel Gittard architect Antoine Lepautre architect Francois Le Vau architect Pierre II Mignard architect Francois d Orbay architectSubsequent edicts of the crown increased the membership By 1793 there were 33 members divided into two classes plus a third consisting of correspondents living in the French provinces and in foreign countries 1 Later members included 3 Claude Perrault 1613 1688 elected member 1673 Jules Hardouin Mansart 1646 1708 elected member 1675 4 Andre Le Notre 1613 1700 elected member 1681 Pierre Bullet 1639 1716 elected member 1685 Philippe de La Hire 1640 1718 elected member and professor 1687 Robert de Cotte 1656 1735 elected member 1687 director 1687 or 1699 5 Antoine Desgodetz 1653 1728 elected member 1698 second class 1699 first class 1718 6 and professor 1719 7 Jacques Gabriel 1667 1742 elected member 1699 director 1736 Ange Jacques Gabriel 1698 1782 elected member 1728 director 1743 Jacques Francois Blondel 1705 1774 elected second class member 1755 professor 1762 Antoine Matthieu Le Carpentier 1709 1773 elected member 1756 Etienne Louis Boullee 1728 1799 elected second class member 1762 promoted to first class 1780 8 Claude Nicolas Ledoux 1736 1806 elected second class member 1773 Richard Mique 1728 1794 elected member 1775 director 1783 9 Documentation editFrom 1911 to 1929 the French art historian Henry Lemonnier published the proceedings of the academy in ten volumes with the title Proces verbaux de l Academie royale d architecture 1671 1793 Vol 1 1671 1681 Vol 2 1682 1696 Vol 3 1697 1711 Vol 4 1712 1726 Vol 5 1727 1743 Vol 6 1744 1758 Vol 7 1759 1767 Vol 8 1768 1779 Vol 9 1780 1793 Vol 10 Table generale See also editArchitecture of Paris French art salons and academiesNotes edit a b c d e f Cleary 1996 Blondel 1756 pp 26 27 planche V Le Bas 1840 pp 82 85 Lemonnier 1929 pp 305 308 Mansart 2 Jules Hardouin Mansart at Oxford Art Online subscription required Le Bas 1840 p 84 gives 1687 for Robert de Cotte s nomination as a member and director Robert Neuman writes that de Cotte succeeded Hardouin Mansart as director in 1699 Cotte Robert de at Oxford Art Online subscription required Lemonnier 1929 pp 305 306 Le Bas 1840 p 84 Boullee Etienne Louis at Oxford Art Online subscription required Le Bas 1840 p 84 see also Lemonnier vol 8 1924 pp 321 323 331 333 Bibliography editBlondel Jacques Francois 1756 Architecture francoise vol 4 book 6 Paris Charles Antoine Jombert Copy at Gallica copy at Kyoto University Library Cleary Richard 1996 Paris VI Institutions 2 Academie Royale d Architecture vol 24 pp 169 171 in The Dictionary of Art 34 volumes edited by Jane Turner New York Grove ISBN 9781884446009 Also available at Oxford Art Online subscription required Le Bas Philippe editor 1840 France Dictionnaire encyclopedique volume 1 A Az Paris Didot Freres See the article Academie d architecture pp 82 85 at Google Books Lemonnier Henry 1929 Proces verbaux de l academie royale d architecture Tome X Table generale Paris Armand Colin OCLC 491723214 Copy at Internet Archive nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Academie royale d architecture Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Academie royale d 27architecture amp oldid 1182355027, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
