Lincoln High School (San Diego, California)

Abraham Lincoln High School (also known as Lincoln High Educational Complex, Lincoln High School, or simply Lincoln), is an urban public high school in San Diego, California, United States. It is part of the San Diego Unified School District. It serves approximately 2100-2700 students in grades 9–12 in the K-12 education system. It is located in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Southeast San Diego, part of the Encanto neighborhoods. It was named after President Abraham Lincoln.

Lincoln High School
Address
4777 Imperial Avenue San Diego , California 92113 United States
Information
Type	Senior high school
Established	1955 (as a high school)
School district	San Diego City Schools
Teaching staff	65.70 (FTE)^[1]
Grades	9-12
Enrollment	1,541 (2018–19)^[1]
Student to teacher ratio	23.46^[1]
Campus	Urban
Color(s)
Mascot	Hornets
Built	1949
Razed	2003
Reopened	September 2007
Website	Lincoln High School website
Lincoln High School

Opened in 1949 and originally serving middle school students, Lincoln was converted into a high school in 1955. The original buildings were demolished and rebuilt during 2003–2007.

Construction of facilities in the 2000s

Lincoln High School opened its doors in 1950 to the high school students in the 1950's, The old Lincoln high school was built in 1950's shortly after the end of World War II, the original campus had a basement that can serve a fall out shelter ^[2] Expansion of the school was done on existing facilities until 2003. On September 24, 2003, Lincoln's cafeteria was the first building to be demolished.^[3] The entire campus (with the exception of the gym) and a few homes nearby were eventually razed to make way for construction of the new campus. This was a result of an elected ballot proposition approved by its citizens. During construction many students were displaced and relocated to other high schools in the District. The campus expanded with additional acquisition of property through eminent domain.^[4]

Before demolition, the campus had been infamous for its gang activity, particularly when graduating senior Willie James Jones Jr. was gunned down in 1994, just days before he was to matriculate to the prestigious Cornell University, hitting headlines and sparking outrage all over the San Diego media.^[5] The school also had been criticized for being behind academically, and there remained some skepticism in the community about Lincoln's reopening over those criticisms. Soon after Jones's death, Pastor Roy Dixon was told by the principal that "kids entered Lincoln with extremely low reading levels and could not perform academically."^[6]

Lincoln High School was reopened on September 4, 2007. The new 24-acre (97,000 m²) campus was designed by architect and Lincoln alum, Joseph Martinez (class of 1966), and rebuilt by many Lincoln alumni who took part in construction of the school.^[7] At a cost of $129 million, Lincoln is currently the most expensive campus in the San Diego Unified School District.^[7]

In its newly rebuilt form, Lincoln now features major improvements such as an increased student enrollment capacity of 2,700 (from an average of 800 students during Lincoln's last few years before demolition), a 790-seat performing arts center, a football and track stadium that can seat 3,700, and other facilities for press and concessions. The improvements addressed concerns over Lincoln's previously dilapidated and outdated facilities, proper allocation of rooms per grade enrollment, and the increasing high school enrollment pressures of the neighborhood, in addition to public input and suggestions given by members of the Lincoln community. The site also features modern, state-of-the-art building design and facilities specialized to the curriculum.^[7][8][9]

Academic program

The Lincoln-Gompers Redevelopment Committee noted the paramount importance of holding Lincoln's students, often from groups historically under-served by the public education system, to high expectations within a rigorous, standards-based curriculum framework.^[10]

Upon Lincoln's re-opening, all students were required to fulfill the "A-G" subject area requirements for admission to the University of California, two years before San Diego Unified codified an "A-G for all" policy under then-superintendent, Terry Grier.^[11] Due in part to the uneven diaspora of its middle school students to charters and bussing to schools north of the I-8, Lincoln was privately criticized within the district for being "too ambitious" in its academic aspirations in 2007, because data indicated many incoming first-year students to Lincoln were often under-prepared in comparison to their grade-level peers in key academic disciplines such as English and math.^[12]

Lincoln's fledgling academic program grew from five AP (Advanced Placement) class offerings in 2007 to 18 offerings in 2010, including AP Environmental Science, AP Language and AP Literature, AP Calculus and AP Music.

Demographics

Lincoln High School is located in Lincoln Park, a historically working-class, African-American neighborhood in Southeast San Diego. Beginning in the late 1990s and accelerating in the early 2000s up until its closure in 2002, Lincoln High's demographics began to shift as Latino, Vietnamese, Samoan, Filipino, Laotian and other ethnic groups moved in, attracted by residential and business redevelopment, competitive home and rental pricing, close proximity to transportation hubs such as the Market Street Trolley Station, and quick access to the I-805 and CA-94. When Lincoln reopened in 2007, for the first time Latino students were the majority, reflecting the change in the demographics of the neighborhood but also soon coinciding with the severe economic downturn of 2008, which contributed significantly to student mobility. The student population has since stabilized at approximately 2100 students. As of the 2009 school year, the student body was composed of approximately 35% African-American, 55% Hispanic or Latino, and 10% other groups.^[13] Despite shifts in racial, residential, and income demographics since its reopening, over 85% of Lincoln High's students still qualify for free- and reduced-lunch programs.

Academic performance

Since 2007, Lincoln students have achieved double-digit gains on state test scores every year, with the largest increase coming in the 2008–09 school year. Starting with a baseline score of 540 in 2007–8 school year (the first year of testing), Lincoln students were expected by the State of California to gain only 13 points on the California Standards Test (CST) in the 2008–09 school year; instead students gained 47 points, to push the API (Academic Performance Index) growth score to 587. Despite these gains, in 2010 Lincoln was unable to avoid falling into "Program Improvement" under the NCLB (No Child Left Behind) federal legislation guidelines because it failed to meet mandated proficiency targets with student subgroups two years in a row, notably English Language Learners (ELLs). According to NCLB, 100% percent of students were predicted to be proficient in English and math by 2014.^[14] As of the end of 2011, Lincoln's API has grown to a current score of 617, a growth of 77 points in 4 years.^[15]

Athletic Achievement

2009-10 basketball season

This marked the third season on the Lincoln Hornets basketball program. Coming off of a 20–11 record with a loss in the semi-finals to Oceanside High School, expectations were high for the Hornet program. In 2009–2010, the Hornets, led by Head Coach Jason Bryant and assistants Anthony Tucker, Mark McCann, Rhett Butler, Glen Worley, Jeff Harper, Victor Dean Sr. and Earl Woolridge, went on to a 29–2 record winning the Western League, a Division II CIF Championship, and the State Championship, defeating St. Francis of Mountain View 74–59. The Hornets were led by UCLA standout Norman Powell and Victor Dean Jr., who both scored 24 points in the game. Dean was MVP for the game.

2010-11 basketball season

Coming off of a state championship, the Hornets were ranked #1 in San Diego, #7 in California and #10 in the Western Region. By February, the Hornets achieved a #1 ranking in the state and #7 in the nation, according to ESPN and USA Today. Lincoln was the first San Diego High School basketball team to be #1 ranked in California. The Hornets went on to a 31–2 record, repeating as champions in the Western League and CIF Division II. Lincoln advanced to the state southern regional before falling to Summit High School by four points.

1970-11 football season

1970's: In the 70's, the school became the birthplace of several nationally recognized all-star athletes, including football legend Marcus Allen, who was inducted into the Pro-Football Hall of Fame the same year the original Lincoln High School campus was demolished in 2003.

In the regular season the Hornets posted a 4–6 record, which was good enough to land them a spot in the playoffs. Their first match-up was against Castle Park High School, who ended up losing 66–0. Lincoln played Ramona High School in the quarter-finals and won 41–28. As they met up with St. Augustine High School in the semi-finals, the Hornets had barely won 29–26. In the championship game against Cathedral Catholic High School, the Hornets lost 24–7. Making it to the championship was a big milestone for a program only four years old. The Hornets' Head Football Coach, Ron Hamamoto, was transferred the next season to Monte Vista High School, which was in the same Division in CIF as Lincoln. Former NFL player David Dunn took over. ^[16]

2012-13 football season

The Hornets posted a 7–3 record in the regular season, making it Lincoln's best record since they re-opened in 2007. Their 7–3 record was good enough to land them the 4th seed spot in the CIF playoffs. After their bye week they faced Point Loma, who they beat 21–17. In the semi-finals they played undefeated Olympian. The Hornets won 20-7 and went on to play Ramona in the CIF Division III Championship. The Hornets won 42-14 and took their first championship title since the school re-opened, and its first championship title since 1987.

2022-23 football season

Lincoln won its season opener against Capital Christian (Sacramento) 56-0 and dropped its next game against Bishop Alemany 7-14. The Hornets would then run off 8 straight regular season wins vs. St. Bonaventure (27-24), Mater Dei Catholic (56-20), Steele Canyon (49-7), Garces Memorial (42-16), Cathedral Catholic (31-17), St. Augustine (54-0), Scripps Ranch (49-3), and Madison (24-12). The Hornets finished the regular season 9-1 and earned the #2 Seed in the San Diego Section Open Division. In Lincoln's opening match they faced Madison in consecutive weeks and beat them 23-0 earning them a right to play for the first ever CIF Championship Game in Snapdragon Stadium against the #1 ranked Carlsbad Lancers. The Hornets pulled out a thrilling victory and won their first ever Open Division title 28-24. The victory propelled the Hornets into a road game at Sierra Canyon and Lincoln handled the Trailblazers by the score of 37-14. David Dunn's squad was primed to represent the SoCal region against NorCal powerhouse De La Salle of Concord. After a heroic performance by Roderick Robinson (22 carries for 218 yards and a Open Division record 4 touchdowns) and stellar defensive play the Hornets captured their first State Title and became the first San Diego team by beat the storied De La Salle program. Notable accomplishments on the year include the Silver Pigskin Winner, CalHi Sports Player of the Year, Maxpreps Player of the Year, Scorebook Live State Player of the Year (Robinson), San Diego Section Defensive Player of the Year (Josiah Cox). The Hornets finished the season ranked #3 in California behind only Mater Dei and St. John Bosco and were ranked #31 Nationally. 12 members of the 22-23 team went on athletic scholarships to play college football.

Notable people

• Damon Allen, quarterback, Canadian Football League all-time leading passer from 2006 to 2011
• Marcus Allen, running back, member of College and Pro Football Hall of Fame, Super Bowl champion and MVP, Class of 1978^[17][18]
• Lew Barnes, football player
• Ronnie Yell, Football player Arizona Cardinals / Cornerback, Toronto Argonauts/ Defensive back, BC Lions / Defensive back
• Kern Carson, former halfback of the San Diego Chargers, New York Jets, and the Toronto Argonauts^[19]
• Terrell Davis, running back, member of Pro Football Hall of Fame, 2-time Super Bowl champion, Class of 1990^[17]
• Dave Grayson, AFL all-time interceptions leader^{[citation needed]}
• David Grayson, NFL player, Class of 1992^{[citation needed]}
• Jimmy Gunn, professional football player^[20]
• Wally Henry, football player^{[citation needed]}
• Dave Lewis, football player^{[citation needed]}
• Saladin Martin, football player^{[citation needed]}
• Dominic McGuire, basketball player^{[citation needed]}
• Bob Mendoza, baseball player,^[21] San Diego Hall of Champions inductee,^[22] played football and baseball at Lincoln, Class of 1956
• Keith Miller, former outfielder for the Atlanta Braves and cousin of MLB All-Star Kevin Mitchell
• Norman Powell, basketball player for UCLA and for NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, second-round draft pick for Milwaukee Bucks, Class of 2011, 2019 NBA Champion ^[23]
• Doug Reed, football player^{[citation needed]}
• Tyree Robinson, football player
• Patrick Rowe, football player^[24]
• Mark Sanford, basketball player for University of Washington, second-round pick in 1997 NBA draft, Class of 1994
• Akili Smith, pro football quarterback, third overall selection of 1999 NFL Draft^{[citation needed]}
• Steve Taylor, football player, Canadian Football League, 1989 to 1997
• Robert West, football player^[25]
• Edward James William Jr, electrical engineer, Class of 1995, served as National Executive Officer in the National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE)^{[26][27][28][29]}
• Dwayne Wright, football player^{[citation needed]}

References

1. "Lincoln High". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
2. "Lincoln High: Then And Now".
3. (PDF). San Diego Unified School District. 2003-09-23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-02. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
4. (PDF). SAN DIEGO UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2007-08-23.
5. "Willie James Jones, Jr. Memorial Scholarship". Cornell. Retrieved 2007-08-23.
6. Pastor Roy Dixon. . Good News, etc. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-08-23.
7. Gao, Helen (2007-09-02). . San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
8. . San Diego Unified School District. Archived from the original on 2007-11-11. Retrieved 2007-08-23.
9. Gao, Helen. "Rebuilding of venerable Lincoln High under way". Retrieved 2007-08-23.
10. http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/news/article_86220297-b0b9-5338-a1e2-747cb20bcb8e.html ^{[dead link]}
11. . www.voiceofsandiego.org. Archived from the original on 2010-09-13.
12. . www.voiceofsandiego.org. Archived from the original on 2010-09-03.
13. "2009 Base API School report: Lincoln High School" http://api.cde.ca.gov/AcntRpt2010/2009BaseSch.aspx?allcds=37683380114025
14. "NCLB: Basic Program Requirements" http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/pg2.html
15. "CA Dept of Education 2009-10 Accountability Progress Reporting: Lincoln High School"http://api.cde.ca.gov/AcntRpt2010/2010GrowthSch.aspx?allcds=37683380114025
16. Fry, Wendy. "Lincoln High: Then And Now". KPBS.
17. . San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on 2009-03-03. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
18. Jensen, Jeffry (2002) [1992]. Dawson, Dawn P (ed.). Great Athletes. Vol. 1 (Revised ed.). Salem Press. pp. 42–45. ISBN 978-1-58765-008-6.
19. "Kern Carson Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
20. . databaseSports.com. Archived from the original on 2013-11-03. Retrieved 2013-10-31.
21. San Diego Union-Tribune, "High School Sports," September 27, 2011
22. San Diego Union-Tribune, "Coaching Legends To Receive Honors," October 25, 2011
23. Painter, Jill (March 20, 2014). "UCLA's Norman Powell a slam dunk in San Diego". Los Angeles Daily News. from the original on April 26, 2014.
24. . databasefootball.com. Archived from the original on September 10, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
25. "Robert West". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
26. . University of Idaho Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering. Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2009-03-29.
27. William, E.J.; Manic, M.; Johnson, B.K. (2007). "ANN Relays Used to Determine Fault Locations on Shipboard Electrical Distribution Systems". 2007 39th North American Power Symposium. IEEE. pp. 143–147. doi:10.1109/NAPS.2007.4402301. ISBN 978-1-4244-1725-4. S2CID 21696344.William, Edward (2007) [2007]. Johnson Ph.D. P.E., B.K. (ed.). ANN Relays Used to Determine Fault Locations on Shipboard Electrical Distribution Systems. Vol. 1 (Revised ed.). IEEE. pp. 143–174. ISBN 978-1-4244-1725-4.
28. William, Edward; Northern, James (2008). "Genetic Programming Lab (GPLab) Tool Set Version 3.0". 2008 IEEE Region 5 Conference. IEEE. pp. 1–6. doi:10.1109/TPSD.2008.4562729. ISBN 978-1-4244-2076-6. S2CID 34421388.William, Edward (2007) [2007]. Northern Ph.D., James (ed.). Genetic Programming Lab (GPLab) Tool Set Version 3.0. Vol. 1 (Revised ed.). IEEE. pp. 1–16. ISBN 978-1-4244-2076-6.
29. "2009-2010 The National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE) Executive Officers". NSBE Magazine. Fall 2009.

External links

32°42′11.84″N 117°5′33.27″W / 32.7032889°N 117.0925750°W / 32.7032889; -117.0925750