The Abbey of Saint-Germain d'Auxerre is a former Benedictine monastery in central France,[1][2] dedicated to its founder Saint Germain of Auxerre, the bishop of Auxerre, who died in 448. It was founded on the site of an oratory built by Germanus in honor of Saint Maurice.
The abbey of Saint Germain and its Romanesque bell tower dominate Auxerre, Burgundy
Bishop Germain was buried in the Oratory of Saint Maurice, which he had built. About the year 500, it was rebuilt as a basilica, by Queen Clotilda, wife of Clovis, in honor of the bishop.[3] The tomb was below the church, under the apse.
A monastery was established that followed the Benedictine rule.[4] In 850 Abbot Conrad, brother-in-law of Louis the Pious, had a crypt built. Attached to the crypt was a circular oratory. Conrad's nephew, Emperor Charles the Bald, was present at the translation of the relics of Germanus.[5] The abbey reached the apex of its cultural importance during the Carolingian era; the source for its early history is an account of the Miracula Sancti Germani Episcopi Autissiodorensis ("Miracles of Saint Germain, Bishop of Auxerre") written before ca. 880. The earliest surviving architectural remains are also of the ninth century.[6] The abbey had a noted school. From 876 to 883 Remigius of Auxerre was master of the school. Later, Thomas Becket studied there after completing his law courses in Bologna.[7] Monk and chronicler, Rodulfus Glaber, spent time at St Germain, where, he said, foreign monks were always accepted with respect.
The abbey was twice reformed, first by Majolus of Cluny and his disciple Heldric, at the request of Henry I, Duke of Burgundy, and in 1029 by the Congregation of Saint Maur.[8] A fire consumed much of the abbey in 1064; the Merovingian nave was rebuilt. In 1069, monks from St. Germain founded Selby Abbey in North Yorkshire. Napoleon turned the establishment into a hospital.[9]
In 1927, beneath the 17th-century frescoed plaster walls of the crypt, were discovered ninth-century wall frescoes, the only surviving large-scale paintings of their date in France to compare to the illuminated manuscripts.[10]
During the Revolution, several bays of the nave were demolished and the secularized abbey was used as a hospital. The former nave extended beneath the present forecourt.
In the late twentieth century the abbey's residential and service buildings were remodeled as a museum, presenting prehistoric, Gallo-Roman and medieval finds from Auxerre. An exhibition in 1990 brought the abbey's cultural impact into focus. The former abbey church remains in use for worship at stated times.
1100-1115: Hugues de Montaigu, son of Dalmace Semur said Jeune14 approve this year a charter for the benefit of the Priory of Saint-Marcel Fleurey-sur-Ouche, signed by Duke Hugh II Bourgogne15. It will be bishop of Auxerre.
1115 - 1148: Gervais
1148 - 1174: Harduin
1174 - 1188: Humbert
1188 - 1208: Rudolph
1st half of the thirteenth century: Renaud Jocenal (alive May 13, 1222)
^MacErlean, Andrew. "St. Germain." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 25 June 2019 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"St. Germain", The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture, Vol. 1, (Colum Hourihane, ed.), OUP USA, 2012, p. 206ISBN9780195395365
^Vaast Barthélemy Henry, ((Mémoires historiques sur la ville de Seignelay, département de l'Yonne, depuis sa fondation au VIIIe siècle, jusqu'en 1830 ; précédés de recherches sur l'état du pays au temps des Gaulois et des Romains(( ; et suivie d'une notice historique sur les communes environnantes, avec les principales pièces justificatives, vol. 1 et 2, Avallon, Éd. (Comynet, 1833), p369 & 370
^Barlow "Becket, Thomas (1120?–1170)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
^ abGoyau, Georges. "Sens." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 25 June 2019 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^O'Reilly, Elizabeth Boyle. How France Built Her Cathedrals, Harper & Brothers, 1921, p. 446 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Edward S. King, "The Carolingian Frescoes of the Abbey of Saint Germain d'Auxerre" The Art Bulletin;; 11.4 (December 1929), pp. 357-375.
^Webster, Douglas Raymund. "Pope Bl. Urban V" The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 25 June 2019 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Referencesedit
Christian Sapin, La Bourgogne préromane (Paris, 1986), pp. 41–63 (on the early building project)
Abbaye Saint-Germain d'Auxerre: intellectuels et artistes dans l'Europe carolingienne, IXe - XIe siecles (Auxerre, 1990) Exhibition catalogue.
Auxerre et les prémices de l'art roman (Auxerre, 1999) Exhibition catalogue.
Noëlle Deflou-Leca, Saint-Germain d'Auxerre et ses dépendances (Ve-XIIIe siècle), PSE, 2010, p773.
Constance Britain-Bouchard, "Sword, Miter and Cloister", Cornell University Press 1987
External linksedit
Culture.gouv.fr: Saint-Germain d'Auxerre (in English)
Saint Germain d'Auxerre on the site Bourgogne Romane
abbey, saint, germain, auxerre, former, benedictine, monastery, central, france, dedicated, founder, saint, germain, auxerre, bishop, auxerre, died, founded, site, oratory, built, germanus, honor, saint, maurice, abbey, saint, germain, romanesque, bell, tower,. The Abbey of Saint Germain d Auxerre is a former Benedictine monastery in central France 1 2 dedicated to its founder Saint Germain of Auxerre the bishop of Auxerre who died in 448 It was founded on the site of an oratory built by Germanus in honor of Saint Maurice The abbey of Saint Germain and its Romanesque bell tower dominate Auxerre Burgundy Contents 1 History 2 Known abbots 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksHistory editBishop Germain was buried in the Oratory of Saint Maurice which he had built About the year 500 it was rebuilt as a basilica by Queen Clotilda wife of Clovis in honor of the bishop 3 The tomb was below the church under the apse A monastery was established that followed the Benedictine rule 4 In 850 Abbot Conrad brother in law of Louis the Pious had a crypt built Attached to the crypt was a circular oratory Conrad s nephew Emperor Charles the Bald was present at the translation of the relics of Germanus 5 The abbey reached the apex of its cultural importance during the Carolingian era the source for its early history is an account of the Miracula Sancti Germani Episcopi Autissiodorensis Miracles of Saint Germain Bishop of Auxerre written before ca 880 The earliest surviving architectural remains are also of the ninth century 6 The abbey had a noted school From 876 to 883 Remigius of Auxerre was master of the school Later Thomas Becket studied there after completing his law courses in Bologna 7 Monk and chronicler Rodulfus Glaber spent time at St Germain where he said foreign monks were always accepted with respect The abbey was twice reformed first by Majolus of Cluny and his disciple Heldric at the request of Henry I Duke of Burgundy and in 1029 by the Congregation of Saint Maur 8 A fire consumed much of the abbey in 1064 the Merovingian nave was rebuilt In 1069 monks from St Germain founded Selby Abbey in North Yorkshire Napoleon turned the establishment into a hospital 9 In 1927 beneath the 17th century frescoed plaster walls of the crypt were discovered ninth century wall frescoes the only surviving large scale paintings of their date in France to compare to the illuminated manuscripts 10 During the Revolution several bays of the nave were demolished and the secularized abbey was used as a hospital The former nave extended beneath the present forecourt In the late twentieth century the abbey s residential and service buildings were remodeled as a museum presenting prehistoric Gallo Roman and medieval finds from Auxerre An exhibition in 1990 brought the abbey s cultural impact into focus The former abbey church remains in use for worship at stated times Known abbots edit nbsp Abbey in 17th century 622 Palladius of Auxerre 800 840 Saint Abbo Bishop of Auxerre December 3 860 850 864 Conrad I Count of Auxerre 8 886 Abbot Hugh May 12 886 894 921 Richard Duke of Bourgogne11 Heldric7 12 999 contemporary of St Sevin Bishop of Sens 986 1009 Heldric of Cluny 4 1010 1020 Achard 1020 1032 Theobold 1032 1052 Odo of Auxerre 1052 1064 Prior Boso 1064 1074 Walter from Saint Benoit sur Loire 1075 1085 Roland 1085 1096 Guibert 1096 1100 Robert 1100 1115 Hugues de Montaigu son of Dalmace Semur said Jeune14 approve this year a charter for the benefit of the Priory of Saint Marcel Fleurey sur Ouche signed by Duke Hugh II Bourgogne15 It will be bishop of Auxerre 1115 1148 Gervais 1148 1174 Harduin 1174 1188 Humbert 1188 1208 Rudolph 1st half of the thirteenth century Renaud Jocenal alive May 13 1222 1285 1309 Guy Munois 4 1309 1334 Left Dignon Cheu 1334 1352 Etienne 1 Chitry 1352 1362 William Grimoard future Pope Urban V 11 1362 1381 Stephen II Chitry 1381 1408 Hugues V of Ballore 1409 1422 John II of Nanton 1422 1423 1453 Herve de Lugny 1453 1495 Hugues VI Tyard or Thiard 1542 Louis Lorraine17 1731 Dom Leonardo Le Texier Grand Prior 1731 1783 Dom RosmanSee also edit nbsp Christianity portal nbsp France portal Haimo of AuxerreNotes edit Jean Lebeuf Memoire concernant l histoire ecclesiastique et civile d Auxerre vol 1 Auxerre Perriquet 1743 886 Jean Lebeuf Memoire concernant l histoire ecclesiastique et civile d Auxerre vol 1 1848 544 MacErlean Andrew St Germain The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 6 New York Robert Appleton Company 1909 25 June 2019 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain a b c Historia Selebiensis Monasterii Janet Burton Lynda Lockyer eds OUP Oxford 2013 p xxii ISBN 9780199675951 St Germain The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture Vol 1 Colum Hourihane ed OUP USA 2012 p 206ISBN 9780195395365 Vaast Barthelemy Henry Memoires historiques sur la ville de Seignelay departement de l Yonne depuis sa fondation au VIIIe siecle jusqu en 1830 precedes de recherches sur l etat du pays au temps des Gaulois et des Romains et suivie d une notice historique sur les communes environnantes avec les principales pieces justificatives vol 1 et 2 Avallon Ed Comynet 1833 p369 amp 370 Barlow Becket Thomas 1120 1170 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography a b Goyau Georges Sens The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 13 New York Robert Appleton Company 1912 25 June 2019 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain O Reilly Elizabeth Boyle How France Built Her Cathedrals Harper amp Brothers 1921 p 446 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Edward S King The Carolingian Frescoes of the Abbey of Saint Germain d Auxerre The Art Bulletin 11 4 December 1929 pp 357 375 Webster Douglas Raymund Pope Bl Urban V The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 15 New York Robert Appleton Company 1912 25 June 2019 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain References editChristian Sapin La Bourgogne preromane Paris 1986 pp 41 63 on the early building project Abbaye Saint Germain d Auxerre intellectuels et artistes dans l Europe carolingienne IXe XIe siecles Auxerre 1990 Exhibition catalogue Auxerre et les premices de l art roman Auxerre 1999 Exhibition catalogue Noelle Deflou Leca Saint Germain d Auxerre et ses dependances Ve XIIIe siecle PSE 2010 p773 Constance Britain Bouchard Sword Miter and Cloister Cornell University Press 1987External links editCulture gouv fr Saint Germain d Auxerre in English Saint Germain d Auxerre recent archaeology Saint Germain d Auxerre on the site Bourgogne Romane 47 48 2 N 3 34 22 E 47 80056 N 3 57278 E 47 80056 3 57278 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Abbey of Saint Germain d 27Auxerre amp oldid 1145201579, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
