AMES, short Air Ministry Experimental Station, was the name given to the British Air Ministry's radar development team at Bawdsey Manor (afterwards RAF Bawdsey) in the immediate pre-World War II era. The team was forced to move on three occasions, changing names as part of these moves, so the AMES name applies only to the period between 1936 and 1939.
Although used as a name by the team itself only briefly, the AMES acronym became the basis for naming Royal Air Force radar systems through the war. The same numbering sequence was used after the war as well, but often dropped the AMES from the name. A good example is the Type 80, which was officially AMES Type 80, but often appears without that marque. Many post-war systems were also assigned a rainbow code and are better known by that name.
The AMES numbering scheme was often ad hoc, with some entries simply being other sets operating together. For instance, the Type 21 was simply a Type 13 and Type 14 in a single vehicle convoy. In other cases Types differ only in minor details, like the Type 31 through 34, which are the same radars mounted in various ways. They are also often out-of-order; the Type 8 was the prototype for the Type 7.
AMES Type 70, a combination of Type 13, 14 and several other systems organized into a huge convoy of vehicles for mobile large-scale operations. Two such collections put together.
AMES Type 79, an IFF Mark X interrogator retrofit to some Type 7 stations during ROTOR
AMES Type 100, 20–80 MHz Transponder-based navigation system – GEE-H
AMES Type 700, 1.7–2.0 MHz Hyperbolic navigation system – LORAN
AMES Type 7000, 30–60 MHz Hyperbolic navigation system – GEE ground station
AMES Type 9000, 200 MHz transponder-based navigation system – Oboe Mk I ground station – Oboe Mk III, S band
Mobile unitsedit
Mobile radar units, usually consisting of COL, GCI, or similar equipment, mounted in vehicles, was used extensively overseas, and these units received numerical designations preceded by 'AMES', e.g., AMES 1505 – one of the units providing GCI coverage of the Naples sector during the Allied invasion of Italy.[1]
Fighter Direction Tendersedit
Three Landing Ship, Tank (LST) were converted into "Fighter Direction Tenders" (FDT), swapping their landing craft for Motor Launches[2] and outfitted with AMES Type 11 and Type 15 fighter control radar to provide GCI coverage for air defence of the D-Day landing areas. Of these ships, FDT 216 was stationed off Omaha and Utah beaches, FDT 217 was allocated Sword, Juno, and Gold beaches. FDT 13 was used for coverage of the overall main shipping channel. In the period 6 to 26 June Allied fighters controlled by the FDTs resulted in the destruction of 52 enemy aircraft by day, and 24 enemy aircraft by night.[3]
Post-Waredit
Post World War II in addition to the AMES Type XX designation new equipment was also allocated a Rainbow Code name during development, e.g., AMES Type 86 was allocated the code name Blue Anchor. In addition, the manufacturing company, Ferranti, had its own internal and marketing name for the equipment, in this case, Firelight.
AMES Type 79 – version of IFF Mark 10 using separate antennas, used with upgraded AMES Type 7
AMES Type 80, 2.850/3.050 GHz 1 MWS-Band Early Warning radar – a.k.a. Green Garlic – Decca – high performance system made ROTOR obsolete
AMES Type 81, version of the Type 80 intended for fighter direction, but never built. Role went to Type 80 Mark III instead.
AMES Type 86, 10 GHz mobile CW target illuminator radar for Bristol Bloodhound 2 – a.k.a. Blue Anchor, Firelight – Ferranti
AMES Type 87, Bloodhound Mk 2 guidance control system a.k.a. Scorpion - some sources claim this was initially applied to the Blue Jokerballoon-borne radar, but there is no solid evidence of this and it was cancelled in 1960 before it proceeded to production and would have been assigned a number
AMES Type 88, 1.3 GHz/3 GHz Tactical Control/Surveillance radar – used in conjunction with AMES Type 89 – pair a.k.a. Green Ginger – Marconi
AMES Type 89, 3 GHz Tactical Control Height Finder – used in conjunction with AMES Type 88 – pair a.k.a. Green Ginger – Marconi
AMES Type 90, 1.3 GHz 3MW Early Warning/Fighter Control radar, Marconi Martello S713
AMES Type 91, 1.3 GHz 132 kW Early Warning/Fighter Control radar – a.k.a., Martello S723
^Linden, R. F. (2014). "The Italian Campaign: The Invasion of the South of France, 1943–1945" (PDF). Canadians on Radar: Royal Canadian Air Force 1940–1945. Retrieved 25 November 2014. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^Rottman, Gordon L.; Bryan, Tony & Sarson, Peter (2005). Landing Ship, Tank (LST) 1942–2002. Osprey Publishing. p. 47. ISBN978-1-84176-923-3. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
^Macaulay, Horace R. (2014). "Ground Controlled Interception Radars In Operation Neptune/Overlord" (PDF). Canadians on Radar: Royal Canadian Air Force 1940–1945. Retrieved 25 November 2014. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^"New-look radars selling well". Flight International. 9 October 1976. p. 1087.
Bragg, Michael (1988). RDF1 The Location of Aircraft by Radio Methods 1935–1945. Paisley: Hawkhead. ISBN0-9531544-0-8. The history of ground radar in the UK during World War II
Latham, Colin & Stobbs, Anne (1996). Radar A Wartime Miracle. Stroud: Sutton. ISBN0-7509-1643-5. A history of radar in the UK during World War II told by the men and women who worked on it.
External linksedit
Radar Types
Air Ministry equipment numbers
A set of Photos on Flickr relating to AMES circa 1945
April 12, 2024
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AMES redirects here For other uses see Ames AMES short Air Ministry Experimental Station was the name given to the British Air Ministry s radar development team at Bawdsey Manor afterwards RAF Bawdsey in the immediate pre World War II era The team was forced to move on three occasions changing names as part of these moves so the AMES name applies only to the period between 1936 and 1939 Although used as a name by the team itself only briefly the AMES acronym became the basis for naming Royal Air Force radar systems through the war The same numbering sequence was used after the war as well but often dropped the AMES from the name A good example is the Type 80 which was officially AMES Type 80 but often appears without that marque Many post war systems were also assigned a rainbow code and are better known by that name The AMES numbering scheme was often ad hoc with some entries simply being other sets operating together For instance the Type 21 was simply a Type 13 and Type 14 in a single vehicle convoy In other cases Types differ only in minor details like the Type 31 through 34 which are the same radars mounted in various ways They are also often out of order the Type 8 was the prototype for the Type 7 Contents 1 Equipment 2 Mobile units 3 Fighter Direction Tenders 4 Post War 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksEquipment editAMES Type 1 Chain Home CH Early Warning AMES Type 2 Chain Home Low CHL Early Warning low altitude AMES Type 3 Type 1 and Type 2 operating in close proximity AMES Type 4 Chain Overseas CO also known as Intermediate ICH AMES Type 5 Chain Overseas Low COL AMES Type 6 Light Warning Set AMES Type 7 Final static Ground controlled interception GCI station Happidrome AMES Type 8 Various marks of GCI radars mobile and semi static AMES Type 9 Mobile Chain Home AMES Type 10 Mobile Air Transportable System AMES Type 11 Type 8 adapted to work at 600 MHz in case 1 5 m CHL GCI was jammed AMES Type 12 Low Frequency transportable Chain Home Low AMES Type 13 10 cm Nodding Height Finder Transmitter and Receiver of Naval Type 277 Marconi AMES Type 14 10 cm surveillance radar Marconi AMES Type 15 GCI radar mobile version of Type 7 AMES Type 16 Fighter Direction Station AMES Type 17 Fighter Direction abandoned AMES Type 18 CHL GCI Modified Type 11 Mk2 H with height finding abandoned AMES Type 19 GCI Final Standby Type AMES Type 20 Decimetric Height Finder AMES Type 21 Tactical Control Five vehicle GCI convoy Marconi AMES Type 22 GCI COL similar to AMES Type 11 AMES Type 23 LOMAN Overseas LORAN system AMES Type 24 Long range 10 cm Height Finder AMES Type 25 Experimental CHL AMES Type 26 GCI British version of American MEW Microwave Early Warning AMES Type 27 Air Transportable GCI AMES Type 28 CMH Air transportable Height Finder AMES Type 29 CHEL Chain Home Extra Low Air transportable abandoned AMES Type 30 CD Coast Defence CHL Admiralty only AMES Type 31 CHEL CD in wooden hut AMES Type 32 CHEL CD Nissen hut none built AMES Type 33 CHEL CD brick built AMES Type 34 CHEL CD 200 ft tower AMES Type 37 CHEL CD AMES Type 40 CD CHL AMES Type 41 CHEL AMES Type 42 CHEL AMES Type 43 CHEL AMES Type 44 CHEL AMES Type 46 CHEL AMES Type 47 CHEL AMES Type 48 CHEL AMES Type 50 CHEL AMES Type 70 a combination of Type 13 14 and several other systems organized into a huge convoy of vehicles for mobile large scale operations Two such collections put together AMES Type 79 an IFF Mark X interrogator retrofit to some Type 7 stations during ROTOR AMES Type 100 20 80 MHz Transponder based navigation system GEE H AMES Type 700 1 7 2 0 MHz Hyperbolic navigation system LORAN AMES Type 7000 30 60 MHz Hyperbolic navigation system GEE ground station AMES Type 9000 200 MHz transponder based navigation system Oboe Mk I ground station Oboe Mk III S bandMobile units editMobile radar units usually consisting of COL GCI or similar equipment mounted in vehicles was used extensively overseas and these units received numerical designations preceded by AMES e g AMES 1505 one of the units providing GCI coverage of the Naples sector during the Allied invasion of Italy 1 Fighter Direction Tenders editThree Landing Ship Tank LST were converted into Fighter Direction Tenders FDT swapping their landing craft for Motor Launches 2 and outfitted with AMES Type 11 and Type 15 fighter control radar to provide GCI coverage for air defence of the D Day landing areas Of these ships FDT 216 was stationed off Omaha and Utah beaches FDT 217 was allocated Sword Juno and Gold beaches FDT 13 was used for coverage of the overall main shipping channel In the period 6 to 26 June Allied fighters controlled by the FDTs resulted in the destruction of 52 enemy aircraft by day and 24 enemy aircraft by night 3 Post War editPost World War II in addition to the AMES Type XX designation new equipment was also allocated a Rainbow Code name during development e g AMES Type 86 was allocated the code name Blue Anchor In addition the manufacturing company Ferranti had its own internal and marketing name for the equipment in this case Firelight AMES Type 79 version of IFF Mark 10 using separate antennas used with upgraded AMES Type 7 AMES Type 80 2 850 3 050 GHz 1 MW S Band Early Warning radar a k a Green Garlic Decca high performance system made ROTOR obsolete AMES Type 81 version of the Type 80 intended for fighter direction but never built Role went to Type 80 Mark III instead AMES Type 82 3 GHz 3D tactical control radar for Bristol Bloodhound a k a Orange Yeoman Marconi AMES Type 83 4 GHz 10 GHz mobile tactical control radar for Bristol Bloodhound 1 a k a Yellow River Stingray BTH later Marconi AMES Type 84 1 2 GHz 2 5 MW L band surveillance radar a k a Microwave Early Warning Blue Label Marconi AMES Type 85 2 75 3 2 5 GHz 54 MW a k a Blue Yeoman Linesman AEI later Marconi q v RX12874 a k a Winkle AMES Type 86 10 GHz mobile CW target illuminator radar for Bristol Bloodhound 2 a k a Blue Anchor Firelight Ferranti AMES Type 87 Bloodhound Mk 2 guidance control system a k a Scorpion some sources claim this was initially applied to the Blue Joker balloon borne radar but there is no solid evidence of this and it was cancelled in 1960 before it proceeded to production and would have been assigned a number AMES Type 88 1 3 GHz 3 GHz Tactical Control Surveillance radar used in conjunction with AMES Type 89 pair a k a Green Ginger Marconi AMES Type 89 3 GHz Tactical Control Height Finder used in conjunction with AMES Type 88 pair a k a Green Ginger Marconi AMES Type 90 1 3 GHz 3MW Early Warning Fighter Control radar Marconi Martello S713 AMES Type 91 1 3 GHz 132 kW Early Warning Fighter Control radar a k a Martello S723 AMES Type 92 RAF name for Lockheed Martin AN FPS 117 AMES Type 93 Plessey AR 320 AMES Type 94 Plessey AR 3D AMES Type 96 Marconi S649 dual band 3 1 3 GHz 2D long range early warning radar Used at RAF Saxa Vord paired with Plessey HF200 height finders 4 AMES Type 99 Westinghouse AN TPS 43 captured in Argentina AMES Type 101 RAF name for the BAE Commander formerly Plessy AR327 long range radar 5 See also editTelecommunications Research Establishment Royal Radar Establishment Royal Signals and Radar Establishment Signals Research and Development EstablishmentReferences editNotes Linden R F 2014 The Italian Campaign The Invasion of the South of France 1943 1945 PDF Canadians on Radar Royal Canadian Air Force 1940 1945 Retrieved 25 November 2014 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Rottman Gordon L Bryan Tony amp Sarson Peter 2005 Landing Ship Tank LST 1942 2002 Osprey Publishing p 47 ISBN 978 1 84176 923 3 Retrieved 25 November 2014 Macaulay Horace R 2014 Ground Controlled Interception Radars In Operation Neptune Overlord PDF Canadians on Radar Royal Canadian Air Force 1940 1945 Retrieved 25 November 2014 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help New look radars selling well Flight International 9 October 1976 p 1087 AR327 Commander SL BibliographyBragg Michael 1988 RDF1 The Location of Aircraft by Radio Methods 1935 1945 Paisley Hawkhead ISBN 0 9531544 0 8 The history of ground radar in the UK during World War II Latham Colin amp Stobbs Anne 1996 Radar A Wartime Miracle Stroud Sutton ISBN 0 7509 1643 5 A history of radar in the UK during World War II told by the men and women who worked on it External links editRadar Types Air Ministry equipment numbers A set of Photos on Flickr relating to AMES circa 1945 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Air Ministry Experimental Station amp oldid 1060766032, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
