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ABEC scale

The ABEC scale is an industry accepted standard for the tolerances of a ball bearing. The ABEC scale is designed to provide bearing manufacturers dimensional specifications that meet the standards of precision bearings in a specified class. The scale is also used by manufacturers who produce equipment that require bearings must also know the dimensional tolerances to design parts that will accommodate a bearing.

History edit

It was developed by the Annular Bearing Engineering Committee (ABEC) of the American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ABMA).

Tolerance classes edit

There are five classes, which are named using the first five odd numbers:

  • 1 (widest tolerance)
  • 3
  • 5
  • 7
  • 9 (tightest tolerance)

The naming scheme is inverse with the tolerance, i.e. higher numbers means lower tolerance. The higher ABEC classes (lower tolerance) provide better precision, efficiency, and the possibility of greater speed capabilities, but do not necessarily allow the components to spin faster.

Bearings which fulfill the least strict class (ABEC 1) can be referred to as "precision" (precise) bearings. Bearings not conforming to at least ABEC 1 cannot be classified as precision bearings because their tolerances are too loose.

Use edit

Outside the industrial uses mentioned, the scale may also works as a guide for consumers to make informed decisions about the type of bearing they desire. However, the ABEC scale itself does not inform anything about other critical factors related to materials, manufacturing, and performance.

High ABEC-rated bearings are intended for precision applications such as aircraft instruments or surgical equipment. Lower graded bearings are intended for the vast majority of applications such as vehicles, mechanical hobbies, roller skates, skateboards, fishing reels and industrial machinery. High ABEC rated bearings allow optimal performance of critical applications requiring very high revolutions per minute and smooth operation.

Illustration of bearing tolerances edit

 
Illustration of bearing tolerances (in micrometers) for a bearing with a 20 mm inner diameter

For illustration, the figure shows the differences in tolerance per ABEC class in micrometers (μm) for a 20 mm inner diameter bearing.[1] A 20 mm ABEC 7 bearing only has a 5 μm tolerance window, whereas an ABEC 1 has twice as wide a tolerance.

Often significant is also the maximum runout of the race on the inner ring, as this determines how far the axle may shift dynamically from its center position when rotating. For axle diameters between 1 and 18 mm, for the various ABEC classes, they are : ABEC1 : 10 um, ABEC3 : 7 um, ABEC5 : 4 um, ABEC7 : 2.5 um, ABEC9 : 1.5 um .[2]

Correspondence with ISO 492 edit

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) equivalent standard is ISO 492.[3][4] The German equivalent is DIN 620. The Japanese equivalent is JIS B1514.[5]

ABEC ISO 492 DIN 620 JIS B1514
ABEC 1 normal
class 6X
P0 Class 0
ABEC 3 class 6 P6 Class 6
ABEC 5 class 5 P5 Class 5
ABEC 7 class 4 P4 Class 4
ABEC 9 class 2 P2 Class 2

Weaknesses of the specification edit

The ABEC rating does not specify many critical factors, such as load handling capabilities, ball precision, materials, material Rockwell hardness, degree of ball and raceway (cone) polishing, noise, vibration, and lubricant. Due to these factors, a high-quality ABEC 3 classified bearing could actually perform better than a lower-quality bearing which satisfies (the stricter) ABEC 7 requirement.

References edit

  1. ^ differences between the ABEC classes provided by GMN Bearings
  2. ^ "Ball Bearings ABEC Standard Tolerances Data". Engineers EDGE. 31 December 2023.
  3. ^ ISO 492:2014 – Rolling bearings – Radial bearings – Geometrical product specifications (GPS) and tolerance values. Iso.org (2014-09). Retrieved on 2017-10-11.
  4. ^ Bearing Precision Comparison. Minibearings.com.au. Retrieved on 2012-08-12.
  5. ^ "General Bearing Technical Information - Technical Support". www.hambini.com. Retrieved 2019-11-19.

abec, scale, industry, accepted, standard, tolerances, ball, bearing, designed, provide, bearing, manufacturers, dimensional, specifications, that, meet, standards, precision, bearings, specified, class, scale, also, used, manufacturers, produce, equipment, th. The ABEC scale is an industry accepted standard for the tolerances of a ball bearing The ABEC scale is designed to provide bearing manufacturers dimensional specifications that meet the standards of precision bearings in a specified class The scale is also used by manufacturers who produce equipment that require bearings must also know the dimensional tolerances to design parts that will accommodate a bearing Contents 1 History 2 Tolerance classes 3 Use 3 1 Illustration of bearing tolerances 4 Correspondence with ISO 492 5 Weaknesses of the specification 6 ReferencesHistory editIt was developed by the Annular Bearing Engineering Committee ABEC of the American Bearing Manufacturers Association ABMA Tolerance classes editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message There are five classes which are named using the first five odd numbers 1 widest tolerance 3 5 7 9 tightest tolerance The naming scheme is inverse with the tolerance i e higher numbers means lower tolerance The higher ABEC classes lower tolerance provide better precision efficiency and the possibility of greater speed capabilities but do not necessarily allow the components to spin faster Bearings which fulfill the least strict class ABEC 1 can be referred to as precision precise bearings Bearings not conforming to at least ABEC 1 cannot be classified as precision bearings because their tolerances are too loose Use editOutside the industrial uses mentioned the scale may also works as a guide for consumers to make informed decisions about the type of bearing they desire However the ABEC scale itself does not inform anything about other critical factors related to materials manufacturing and performance High ABEC rated bearings are intended for precision applications such as aircraft instruments or surgical equipment Lower graded bearings are intended for the vast majority of applications such as vehicles mechanical hobbies roller skates skateboards fishing reels and industrial machinery High ABEC rated bearings allow optimal performance of critical applications requiring very high revolutions per minute and smooth operation Illustration of bearing tolerances edit nbsp Illustration of bearing tolerances in micrometers for a bearing with a 20 mm inner diameterFor illustration the figure shows the differences in tolerance per ABEC class in micrometers mm for a 20 mm inner diameter bearing 1 A 20 mm ABEC 7 bearing only has a 5 mm tolerance window whereas an ABEC 1 has twice as wide a tolerance Often significant is also the maximum runout of the race on the inner ring as this determines how far the axle may shift dynamically from its center position when rotating For axle diameters between 1 and 18 mm for the various ABEC classes they are ABEC1 10 um ABEC3 7 um ABEC5 4 um ABEC7 2 5 um ABEC9 1 5 um 2 Correspondence with ISO 492 editThe International Organization for Standardization ISO equivalent standard is ISO 492 3 4 The German equivalent is DIN 620 The Japanese equivalent is JIS B1514 5 ABEC ISO 492 DIN 620 JIS B1514ABEC 1 normalclass 6X P0 Class 0ABEC 3 class 6 P6 Class 6ABEC 5 class 5 P5 Class 5ABEC 7 class 4 P4 Class 4ABEC 9 class 2 P2 Class 2Weaknesses of the specification editThe ABEC rating does not specify many critical factors such as load handling capabilities ball precision materials material Rockwell hardness degree of ball and raceway cone polishing noise vibration and lubricant Due to these factors a high quality ABEC 3 classified bearing could actually perform better than a lower quality bearing which satisfies the stricter ABEC 7 requirement References edit differences between the ABEC classes provided by GMN Bearings Ball Bearings ABEC Standard Tolerances Data Engineers EDGE 31 December 2023 ISO 492 2014 Rolling bearings Radial bearings Geometrical product specifications GPS and tolerance values Iso org 2014 09 Retrieved on 2017 10 11 Bearing Precision Comparison Minibearings com au Retrieved on 2012 08 12 General Bearing Technical Information Technical Support www hambini com Retrieved 2019 11 19 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ABEC scale amp oldid 1210308202, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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