827th Bombardment Squadron
The 827th Bombardment Squadron is a former United States Army Air Forces unit. It was last assigned to the 484th Bombardment Group at Casablanca Airport, French Morocco, where it was inactivated on 25 July 1945.
| 827th Bombardment Squadron | |
|---|---|
Fifteenth Air Force B-24 Liberators over a target in 1944 | |
| Active | 1941-1945 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
| Role | heavy bomber |
| Engagements | Antisubmarine Campaign Mediterranean Theater of Operations |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation |
| Insignia | |
| 827th Bombardment Squadron Emblem[a][1] | |
| Early 41st Bombardment Squadron emblem | |
The squadron was first activated as the 41st Bombardment Squadron as the United States expanded its military following the outbreak of World War II. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the squadron performed antisubmarine warfare missions off the Atlantic coast of the United States, and was redesignated as the 5th Antisubmarine Squadron.
After the Army Air Forces antisubmarine mission was transferred to the Navy, the squadron acted as the cadre for a new Consolidated B-24 Liberator group as the 827th Bombardment Squadron. It served in combat in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, where it participated in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany. It earned two Distinguished Unit Citations for operations over Germany and Austria. Following V-E Day it operated with Air Transport Command, returning American troops to the United States until it was inactivated in theater in 1945.
History edit
Organization and antisubmarine warfare edit
The squadron was first activated at Langley Field, Virginia in January 1941 as the 41st Bombardment Squadron, one of the original squadrons of the 13th Bombardment Group. The squadron was equipped with a mix of Douglas B-18 Bolos and North American B-25 Mitchells. In June, the 41st and its parent group moved to Orlando Army Air Base, Florida.[1][2]
After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the squadron was ordered to search for German U-boats off the southeast coast. Although the Navy was responsible for long range patrolling, it lacked the aircraft to perform the mission and the Army Air Forces (AAF) performed the mission, even though its crews lacked proper training.[3] As antisubmarine warfare assets were realigned to meet the growing threat in the North Atlantic, the 13th Group moved to Westover Field, Massachusetts.[1][2]
In October 1942, the AAF organized its antisubmarine forces into the single Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command, which established the 25th Antisubmarine Wing the following month to control its forces operating over the Atlantic.[4][5] Its bombardment group headquarters, including the 13th, were inactivated and the squadron, now designated the 5th Antisubmarine Squadron, was assigned directly to the 25th Wing.[1][2] In July 1943, the AAF and Navy reached an agreement to transfer the coastal antisubmarine mission to the Navy. This mission transfer also included an exchange of AAF long-range bombers equipped for antisubmarine warfare for Navy Consolidated B-24 Liberators without such equipment.[6]
Combat in the Mediterranean edit
After the Navy assumed full responsibility for the antisubmarine mission in August 1943, the squadron moved to Harvard Army Air Field, Nebraska, where it was redesignated the 827th Bombardment Squadron,[1] and formed the cadre for the 484th Bombardment Group, a Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bombardment group. The squadron trained with Liberators until March 1944, when it moved to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations. Shortly before deploying, the squadron was redesignated as a Pathfinder unit, although it never performed pathfinder missions.[1][7][b]
In April 1944, the squadron began flying combat missions from Torretto Airfield, Italy in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany. Until the end of the war, it acted primarily as a strategic bombing organization, attacking oil refineries and storage facilities, industrial facilities and lines of communication in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and the Balkans. On 13 June 1944, the unit's target was marshalling yards near Munich, Germany. However, the Germans deployed a smoke screen that effectively hid the target, making the attack unfeasible. Despite losses from flak and interceptor aircraft, the squadron proceeded to its secondary target at Innsbruck, Austria. Its persistence in the face of opposition earned the unit a Distinguished Unit Citation.[7]
Two months later, on 21 August 1944, the squadron received a second DUC for an attack on underground oil storage facilities near Vienna, Austria. Without fighter escort, the squadron fought its way through intense opposition to strike the target.[7]
The squadron was sometimes diverted from strategic targets. It bombed bridges, viaducts, marshalling yards, and supply dumps to assist troops advancing on Rome between April and July 1944. In September 1944, the unit transported petroleum products to troops participating in Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France. At the end of the war it supported Operation Grapeshot, the final advances in northern Italy.[7]
Following V-E Day, The unit was assigned to Air Transport Command, It used its B-24s as transport aircraft, flying personnel from locations in France and Italy to Casablanca, French Morocco. It also engaged in transport operations from North Africa to the Azores or Dakar in French West Africa until it was inactivated on 25 July 1945.[1][7]
Lineage edit
- Constituted as the 41st Bombardment Squadron (Medium) on 20 November 1940
- Activated on 15 January 1941
- Redesignated 5th Antisubmarine Squadron (Heavy) on 29 November 1942
- Redesignated 827th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 1 October 1943
- Redesignated: 827th Bombardment Squadron (Pathfinder) on 14 February 1944
- Redesignated: 827th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 11 November 1944
- Inactivated on 25 July 1945[1]
Assignments edit
- 13th Bombardment Group: 15 January 1941
- 25th Antisubmarine Wing: c. 30 November 1942
- 484th Bombardment Group: 1 October 1943 - 25 July 1945[1]
Stations edit
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|
Aircraft edit
- Douglas B-18 Bolo, 1941
- North American B-25 Mitchell, 1941-1943
- Lockheed A-29 Hudson, 1942-1943
- Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1945[1]
Awards and campaigns edit
| Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Distinguished Unit Citation | 13 June 1944 | Munich, Germany and Innsbruck, Austria 827th Bombardment Squadron[1] | |
| Distinguished Unit Citation | 22 August 1944 | Vienna, Austria 827th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antisubmarine | 7 December 1941 – 1 August 1943 | 41st Bombardment Squadron (later 5th Antisubmarine Squadron)[1] | |
| Air Offensive, Europe | April 1944–5 June 1944 | 827th Bombardment Squadron[1] | |
| Central Europe | April 1944–21 May 1945 | 827th Bombardment Squadron[1] | |
| Air Combat, EAME Theater | April 1944–11 May 1945 | 827th Bombardment Squadron[1] | |
| Rome-Arno | April 1944–9 September 1944 | 827th Bombardment Squadron[1] | |
| Normandy | 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 | 827th Bombardment Squadron[1] | |
| Northern France | 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 827th Bombardment Squadron[1] | |
| Southern France | 15 August 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 827th Bombardment Squadron[1] | |
| North Apennines | 10 September 1944 – 4 April 1945 | 827th Bombardment Squadron[1] | |
| Rhineland | 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 | 827th Bombardment Squadron[1] | |
| Po Valley | 3 April 1945 – 8 May 1945 | 827th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
See also edit
References edit
Notes edit
- Explanatory notes
- ^ Approved 11 July 1942. Description: On a white disc, encircled by a blue annulet, issuant from base, a dexter arm from the wrist grasping a four pronged thunderbolt extending across and over the annulet.
- ^ Pathfinder units were equipped with early radar bombing equipment and were intended to be deployed to other bombardment groups to act as lead aircraft on bombing missions where cloud cover obscured the target. The Army Air Forces formed one group in England, but eventually elected to train selected crews in each of its groups for this mission. Freeman, pp. 117-118.
- Citations
Bibliography edit
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Ferguson, Arthur B. (April 1945). "The Antisubmarine Command, USAF Historical Study No. 107" (PDF). Assistant Chief of Air Staff, Intelligence Historical Division. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
- Freeman, Roger A. (1970). The Mighty Eighth: Units, Men and Machines (A History of the US 8th Army Air Force). London, England, UK: Macdonald and Company. ISBN 978-0-87938-638-2.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
External links edit
- "484th Bombardment Group (H)". 484th Bombardment Group Association. Retrieved 20 October 2018.