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59th Air Defense Artillery Regiment

May 03, 2024

The 59th Coast Artillery Regiment, later the 59th Air Defense Artillery Regiment, was a regiment in the United States Army. It served as a heavy artillery regiment in France in World War I, and was in the Battle of Corregidor, Philippine Islands, in World War II.

59th Coast Artillery Regiment
Coat of arms
Active1917
Country United States
BranchArmy
TypeAir defense artillery
SizeRegiment
Motto(s)Defendimus
Mascot(s)Oozlefinch
Engagements
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Colonel Paul Bunker

History edit

World War I edit

Constituted 1 December 1917 in the Regular Army as the 59th Artillery (Coast Artillery Corps) (CAC) and organized 1 January 1918 at Fort Hamilton, New York from existing Regular Army and New York National Guard Companies of Coast Artillery.[1] Moved to France March 1918, armed there with 24 British-made 8-inch howitzers, served with the 32nd Brigade (CAC) on the Western Front, including support of I and IV Army Corps. Returned to the US in January 1919 and later moved to Camp Lewis, Washington state (National Guard Companies demobilized at Camp Upton, New York during January and February 1919 but regiment continued on active status).[2][3]

World War II edit

During the Philippines campaign (1941–1942) the regiment garrisoned much of the Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays, along with the 91st Coast Artillery and 92nd Coast Artillery of the Philippine Scouts. Its commander in World War II was Colonel Paul Bunker. It operated at least the following batteries, at Fort Mills, Corregidor unless otherwise noted:[4]

  • A Battery Hearn
  • B Battery Crockett
  • C Battery Wheeler
  • D Battery Cheney
  • E Battery Fort Drum (El Fraile Island)
  • F Battery Smith
  • G Battery Fort Hughes
  • H Battery Geary
  • I Battery (AA) Fort Hughes
  • K Battery James

Lineage edit

  • (Service Battery; Headquarters Detachment and Combat train, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Battalions inactivated 30 September 1922 at Fort Mills, Corregidor, Philippine Islands, in the Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays. Batteries G, and H activated 11 October 1922 at Fort Mills). Redesignated 20 February 1924 as the 59th Coast Artillery (Tractor Drawn); Concurrently batteries C, D, E, and F activated at Fort Mills. In 1935 the regiment was reorganized and redesignated as Harbor Defense. Remainder of regiment activated 30 May 1941 at Fort Mills.
  • Heavily engaged in the Battle of Corregidor and other engagements of the Philippines campaign (1941–1942); surrendered 6 May 1942 to Japanese forces on Corregidor Island, Philippine Islands.
  • Inactivated 2 April 1946 at Fort Mills.
  • Redesignated 26 December 1947 as the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion and activated 1 January 1948 at Fort Bliss, Texas.
  • Redesignated 24 February 1953 as the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion. Inactivated 1 September 1958 at Fort Bliss.
  • Reorganized and redesignated 31 July 1959 as the 59th Artillery, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System.

Distinctive unit insignia edit

  • Description

A Gold color metal and enamel device 1+1⁄8 in (2.86 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned: Per fess vair and Argent, in base a thistle Proper. Attached above from a wreath Argent and Azure a demi-lion rampant Gules grasping in dexter claw a sword Or. Attached above and to the sides of the shield a Gold scroll inscribed “defendimus” in Red letters.

  • Symbolism

The vair on the shield is from the arms of the Coast Defenses of Southern New York, the thistle is one of the emblems of Lorraine and is borne on the arms of Nancy not far from Saint-Mihiel. The crest is taken from the arms of St. Menehould in red for Artillery.[5] The motto translates to “We Defend.”

  • Background

The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 59th Artillery Regiment on 15 August 1930. It was redesignated for the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (Automatic Weapons) on 23 November 1953. The insignia was redesignated for the 59th Artillery Regiment on 5 December 1958. It was redesignated effective 1 September 1971, for the 59th Air Defense Artillery Regiment.

Coat of arms edit

Blazon edit

  • Shield

Per fess vair and Argent, in base a thistle Proper.

  • Crest

On a wreath Argent and Azure a demi-lion rampant Gules armed and langued of the second grasping in dexter claw a sword Or. Motto: DEFENDIMUS (We Defend).

Symbolism edit

  • Shield

The vair on the shield is from the arms of the Coast Defenses of New York, the thistle is one of the emblems of Lorraine and is borne on the arms of Nancy not far from St. Mihiel.

  • Crest

The crest it taken from the arms of St. Menehould in red for Artillery.

Background edit

The coat of arms was originally approved for the 59th Artillery Regiment on 1 April 1921. It was amended to correct the motto on 28 April 1927. It was redesignated for the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion on 21 April 1949. The insignia was redesignated for the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (Automatic Weapons) on 23 November 1953. It was redesignated for the 59th Artillery Regiment on 5 December 1958. It was redesignated effective 1 September 1971, for the 59th Air Defense Artillery Regiment.

Campaign streamers edit

World War I

  • St Mihiel
  • Meuse-Argonne
  • Lorraine 1918

World War II

  • Philippine Islands

Decorations edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ McKenney 1985, pp. 267–268
  2. ^ Rinaldi, p. 163
  3. ^ Gaines, pp. 34-35
  4. ^ Coast Artillery Battery assignments in the Philippines at Corregidor.org
  5. ^ All of these place names are areas US forces served in during World War I.
  • Gaines, William C., Coast Artillery Organizational History, 1917-1950, Coast Defense Journal, vol. 23, issue 2
  • McKenney, Janice E. (1985). Army Lineage Series: Air Defense Artillery, CMH 60-5. United States Army Center of Military History. pp. 267–278.
  • Rinaldi, Richard A. (2004). The U. S. Army in World War I: Orders of Battle. General Data LLC. ISBN 0-9720296-4-8.
  •   This article incorporates public domain material from 59th Air Defense Artillery. United States Army Institute of Heraldry.

External links edit

  • 59th Coast Artillery in France at WorldWar1.com
  • Greg Hagg; Bolling Smith; Mark Berhow. "Insignia of the Coast Artillery Corps" (PDF). The Coast Defense Study Group, Inc. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  • Official Army lineage site for current units 8 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  • History of 3rd Bn, 59th CA at concretebattleship.org
  • Photo slideshow from James Kuncken of Battery E, 59th Coast Artillery, garrison of Fort Drum
  • 59th Coast Artillery, Coast Artillery Journal, March 1928, p. 257
  • Order of battle for 59th Coast Artillery in December 1941 at Corregidor.org

May 03, 2024
59th, defense, artillery, regiment, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, because, lacks, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, december. This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations December 2012 Learn how and when to remove this message The 59th Coast Artillery Regiment later the 59th Air Defense Artillery Regiment was a regiment in the United States Army It served as a heavy artillery regiment in France in World War I and was in the Battle of Corregidor Philippine Islands in World War II 59th Coast Artillery RegimentCoat of armsActive1917Country United StatesBranchArmyTypeAir defense artillerySizeRegimentMotto s DefendimusMascot s OozlefinchEngagementsWorld War I Battle of CorregidorCommandersNotablecommandersColonel Paul Bunker Contents 1 History 1 1 World War I 1 2 World War II 2 Lineage 3 Distinctive unit insignia 4 Coat of arms 4 1 Blazon 4 2 Symbolism 4 3 Background 5 Campaign streamers 6 Decorations 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory editWorld War I edit Constituted 1 December 1917 in the Regular Army as the 59th Artillery Coast Artillery Corps CAC and organized 1 January 1918 at Fort Hamilton New York from existing Regular Army and New York National Guard Companies of Coast Artillery 1 Moved to France March 1918 armed there with 24 British made 8 inch howitzers served with the 32nd Brigade CAC on the Western Front including support of I and IV Army Corps Returned to the US in January 1919 and later moved to Camp Lewis Washington state National Guard Companies demobilized at Camp Upton New York during January and February 1919 but regiment continued on active status 2 3 World War II edit During the Philippines campaign 1941 1942 the regiment garrisoned much of the Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays along with the 91st Coast Artillery and 92nd Coast Artillery of the Philippine Scouts Its commander in World War II was Colonel Paul Bunker It operated at least the following batteries at Fort Mills Corregidor unless otherwise noted 4 A Battery Hearn B Battery Crockett C Battery Wheeler D Battery Cheney E Battery Fort Drum El Fraile Island F Battery Smith G Battery Fort Hughes H Battery Geary I Battery AA Fort Hughes K Battery JamesLineage edit Service Battery Headquarters Detachment and Combat train 1st 2nd and 3rd Battalions inactivated 30 September 1922 at Fort Mills Corregidor Philippine Islands in the Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays Batteries G and H activated 11 October 1922 at Fort Mills Redesignated 20 February 1924 as the 59th Coast Artillery Tractor Drawn Concurrently batteries C D E and F activated at Fort Mills In 1935 the regiment was reorganized and redesignated as Harbor Defense Remainder of regiment activated 30 May 1941 at Fort Mills Heavily engaged in the Battle of Corregidor and other engagements of the Philippines campaign 1941 1942 surrendered 6 May 1942 to Japanese forces on Corregidor Island Philippine Islands Inactivated 2 April 1946 at Fort Mills Redesignated 26 December 1947 as the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion and activated 1 January 1948 at Fort Bliss Texas Redesignated 24 February 1953 as the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion Inactivated 1 September 1958 at Fort Bliss Reorganized and redesignated 31 July 1959 as the 59th Artillery a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System Distinctive unit insignia editDescription A Gold color metal and enamel device 1 1 8 in 2 86 cm in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned Per fess vair and Argent in base a thistle Proper Attached above from a wreath Argent and Azure a demi lion rampant Gules grasping in dexter claw a sword Or Attached above and to the sides of the shield a Gold scroll inscribed defendimus in Red letters Symbolism The vair on the shield is from the arms of the Coast Defenses of Southern New York the thistle is one of the emblems of Lorraine and is borne on the arms of Nancy not far from Saint Mihiel The crest is taken from the arms of St Menehould in red for Artillery 5 The motto translates to We Defend Background The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 59th Artillery Regiment on 15 August 1930 It was redesignated for the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion Automatic Weapons on 23 November 1953 The insignia was redesignated for the 59th Artillery Regiment on 5 December 1958 It was redesignated effective 1 September 1971 for the 59th Air Defense Artillery Regiment Coat of arms editBlazon edit Shield Per fess vair and Argent in base a thistle Proper Crest On a wreath Argent and Azure a demi lion rampant Gules armed and langued of the second grasping in dexter claw a sword Or Motto DEFENDIMUS We Defend Symbolism edit Shield The vair on the shield is from the arms of the Coast Defenses of New York the thistle is one of the emblems of Lorraine and is borne on the arms of Nancy not far from St Mihiel Crest The crest it taken from the arms of St Menehould in red for Artillery Background edit The coat of arms was originally approved for the 59th Artillery Regiment on 1 April 1921 It was amended to correct the motto on 28 April 1927 It was redesignated for the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion on 21 April 1949 The insignia was redesignated for the 59th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion Automatic Weapons on 23 November 1953 It was redesignated for the 59th Artillery Regiment on 5 December 1958 It was redesignated effective 1 September 1971 for the 59th Air Defense Artillery Regiment Campaign streamers editWorld War I St Mihiel Meuse Argonne Lorraine 1918 World War II Philippine IslandsDecorations editPresidential Unit Citation Army Streamer Embroidered BATAAN 59th CA cited for period 29 Dec 1941 28 Feb 1942 Presidential Unit Citation Army Streamer Embroidered MANILA AND SUBIC BAYS 59th CA cited for period 14 March 9 April 1942 Presidential Unit Citation Army Streamer Embroidered DEFENSE OF THE PHILIPPINES 59th CA cited for period 7 Dec 1941 10 May 1942 Philippine Presidential Unit Citation 7 DECEMBER 1941 TO 10 MAY 1942 See also editAir Defense Artillery Branch Philippines campaign 1941 1942 Fort Drum El Fraile Island Seacoast defense in the United States United States Army Coast Artillery Corps Harbor Defense CommandReferences edit McKenney 1985 pp 267 268 Rinaldi p 163 Gaines pp 34 35 Coast Artillery Battery assignments in the Philippines at Corregidor org All of these place names are areas US forces served in during World War I Gaines William C Coast Artillery Organizational History 1917 1950 Coast Defense Journal vol 23 issue 2 McKenney Janice E 1985 Army Lineage Series Air Defense Artillery CMH 60 5 United States Army Center of Military History pp 267 278 Rinaldi Richard A 2004 The U S Army in World War I Orders of Battle General Data LLC ISBN 0 9720296 4 8 nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from 59th Air Defense Artillery United States Army Institute of Heraldry External links edit59th Coast Artillery in France at WorldWar1 com Greg Hagg Bolling Smith Mark Berhow Insignia of the Coast Artillery Corps PDF The Coast Defense Study Group Inc Retrieved 18 May 2018 Official Army lineage site for current units Archived 8 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine History of 3rd Bn 59th CA at concretebattleship org Photo slideshow from James Kuncken of Battery E 59th Coast Artillery garrison of Fort Drum 59th Coast Artillery Coast Artillery Journal March 1928 p 257 Order of battle for 59th Coast Artillery in December 1941 at Corregidor org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 59th Air Defense Artillery Regiment amp oldid 1166680275, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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