The five-year survival rate is a type of survival rate for estimating the prognosis of a particular disease, normally calculated from the point of diagnosis.[1]Lead time bias from earlier diagnosis can affect interpretation of the five-year survival rate.[2]
There are absolute and relative survival rates, but the latter are more useful and commonly used.
Five-year relative survival rates are more commonly cited in cancer statistics.[3] Five-year absolute survival rates may sometimes also be cited.[4]
Five-year absolute survival rates describe the percentage of patients alive five years after the disease is diagnosed.
Five-year relative survival rates describe the percentage of patients with a disease alive five years after the disease is diagnosed, divided by the percentage of the general population of corresponding sex and age alive after five years. Typically, cancer five-year relative survival rates are well below 100%, reflecting excess mortality among cancer patients compared to the general population. In contrast to five-year absolute survival rates, five-year relative survival rates may also equal or even exceed 100% if cancer patients have the same or even higher survival rates than the general population. The pattern may occur if cancer patients can generally be cured, or patients diagnosed with cancer have greater socioeconomic wealth or access to medical care than the general population.[5]
The fact that relative survival rates above 100% were estimated for some groups of patients appears counterintuitive on first view. It is unlikely that occurrence of prostate cancer would increase chances of survival, compared to the general population. A more plausible explanation is that the pattern reflects a selection effect of PSA screening, as screening tests tend to be used less often by socially disadvantaged population groups, who, in general, also have higher mortality.[5]
UsesEdit
Five-year survival rates can be used to compare the effectiveness of treatments. Use of five-year survival statistics is more useful in aggressive diseases that have a shorter life expectancy following diagnosis, such as lung cancer, and less useful in cases with a long life expectancy, such as prostate cancer.[citation needed]
Improvements in rates are sometimes attributed to improvements in diagnosis rather than to improvements in prognosis.[6]
To compare treatments independently from diagnostics, it may be better to consider survival from reaching a certain stage of the disease or its treatment.
^"Cancer survival rate: A tool to understand your prognosis - MayoClinic.com". Retrieved 2009-10-11.
^Gordis, Leon (2008). Epidemiology: with Student Consult Online Access. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 318. ISBN978-1-4160-4002-6.
^Varricchio, Claudette G. (2004). A cancer source book for nurses. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 30. ISBN978-0-7637-3276-9.
^"ACS : How Is Colorectal Cancer Staged?". Retrieved 2009-10-11.
^ abBrenner H, Arndt V (January 20, 2005). "Long-term survival rates of patients with prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen screening era: population-based estimates for the year 2000 by period analysis". J Clin Oncol. 23 (3): 441–7. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.11.148. PMID 15572727.
^Welch HG, Schwartz LM, Woloshin S (June 2000). "Are increasing 5-year survival rates evidence of success against cancer?". JAMA. 283 (22): 2975–8. doi:10.1001/jama.283.22.2975. PMID 10865276.
^Gloeckler Ries LA, Reichman ME, Lewis DR, Hankey BF, Edwards BK (2003). "Cancer survival and incidence from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program". Oncologist. 8 (6): 541–52. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.8-6-541. PMID 14657533. S2CID 35243360.
^Cosetti M, Yu GP, Schantz SP (April 2008). "Five-year survival rates and time trends of laryngeal cancer in the US population". Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 134 (4): 370–9. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.4.370. PMID 18427002.[permanent dead link]
August 25, 2023
five, year, survival, rate, five, year, survival, rate, type, survival, rate, estimating, prognosis, particular, disease, normally, calculated, from, point, diagnosis, lead, time, bias, from, earlier, diagnosis, affect, interpretation, five, year, survival, ra. The five year survival rate is a type of survival rate for estimating the prognosis of a particular disease normally calculated from the point of diagnosis 1 Lead time bias from earlier diagnosis can affect interpretation of the five year survival rate 2 There are absolute and relative survival rates but the latter are more useful and commonly used Contents 1 Relative and absolute rates 2 Uses 3 ReferencesRelative and absolute rates EditFive year relative survival rates are more commonly cited in cancer statistics 3 Five year absolute survival rates may sometimes also be cited 4 Five year absolute survival rates describe the percentage of patients alive five years after the disease is diagnosed Five year relative survival rates describe the percentage of patients with a disease alive five years after the disease is diagnosed divided by the percentage of the general population of corresponding sex and age alive after five years Typically cancer five year relative survival rates are well below 100 reflecting excess mortality among cancer patients compared to the general population In contrast to five year absolute survival rates five year relative survival rates may also equal or even exceed 100 if cancer patients have the same or even higher survival rates than the general population The pattern may occur if cancer patients can generally be cured or patients diagnosed with cancer have greater socioeconomic wealth or access to medical care than the general population 5 The fact that relative survival rates above 100 were estimated for some groups of patients appears counterintuitive on first view It is unlikely that occurrence of prostate cancer would increase chances of survival compared to the general population A more plausible explanation is that the pattern reflects a selection effect of PSA screening as screening tests tend to be used less often by socially disadvantaged population groups who in general also have higher mortality 5 Uses EditFive year survival rates can be used to compare the effectiveness of treatments Use of five year survival statistics is more useful in aggressive diseases that have a shorter life expectancy following diagnosis such as lung cancer and less useful in cases with a long life expectancy such as prostate cancer citation needed Improvements in rates are sometimes attributed to improvements in diagnosis rather than to improvements in prognosis 6 To compare treatments independently from diagnostics it may be better to consider survival from reaching a certain stage of the disease or its treatment Analysis performed against the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database SEER facilitates calculation of five year survival rates 7 8 References Edit Cancer survival rate A tool to understand your prognosis MayoClinic com Retrieved 2009 10 11 Gordis Leon 2008 Epidemiology with Student Consult Online Access Philadelphia Saunders p 318 ISBN 978 1 4160 4002 6 Varricchio Claudette G 2004 A cancer source book for nurses Boston Jones and Bartlett Publishers p 30 ISBN 978 0 7637 3276 9 ACS How Is Colorectal Cancer Staged Retrieved 2009 10 11 a b Brenner H Arndt V January 20 2005 Long term survival rates of patients with prostate cancer in the prostate specific antigen screening era population based estimates for the year 2000 by period analysis J Clin Oncol 23 3 441 7 doi 10 1200 JCO 2005 11 148 PMID 15572727 Welch HG Schwartz LM Woloshin S June 2000 Are increasing 5 year survival rates evidence of success against cancer JAMA 283 22 2975 8 doi 10 1001 jama 283 22 2975 PMID 10865276 Gloeckler Ries LA Reichman ME Lewis DR Hankey BF Edwards BK 2003 Cancer survival and incidence from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results SEER program Oncologist 8 6 541 52 doi 10 1634 theoncologist 8 6 541 PMID 14657533 S2CID 35243360 Cosetti M Yu GP Schantz SP April 2008 Five year survival rates and time trends of laryngeal cancer in the US population Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 134 4 370 9 doi 10 1001 archotol 134 4 370 PMID 18427002 permanent dead link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Five year survival rate amp oldid 1170078625, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
