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Marshall Fire

December 20, 2023

The Marshall Fire was a destructive wildfire and urban conflagration that started on December 30, 2021, shortly after 11:00 a.m. MST,[3] as a grass fire in Boulder County, Colorado.[4] The fire killed two people and became the most destructive fire in Colorado history in terms of buildings destroyed.[5]

Marshall Fire
Satellite view of the wildfire near Boulder, Colorado, quickly spreading into nearby homes
LocationBoulder County, Colorado, in the towns of Superior and Louisville
Coordinates40°05′N 105°22′W / 40.09°N 105.36°W / 40.09; -105.36
Statistics
Cost>$2 billion[1]
Date(s)December 30, 2021–January 1, 2022 (2 days)
Burned area6,026 acres (24.4 km2)
Buildings destroyed1,084
Deaths2
Non-fatal injuries6+[2]

Background factors edit

An unusually wet spring with above average growth of grass due to moist conditions, followed by an unusually warm and dry summer and fall, created abundant dry grass. This, combined with the lack of snow so far that winter, created ideal weather conditions for wildfires.[6][7][8][9]

Additionally, high winds were recorded in the area, with gusts of up to 115 miles per hour (185 km/h). The winds were driven by the mountain wave effect, and allowed for rapid spread of the fire.[10] Effects of the high winds were also observed on the University of Colorado Boulder campus, where downed branches and trees were reported.[11]

Cause edit

On January 2, 2022, then-Boulder County Sheriff Joe Pelle reported that fire investigators identified a neighborhood by State Highway 93 and Marshall Road as the general area containing the origin of the fire, but had not yet determined an exact origin or cause.[12] The Boulder County Sheriff's Office also confirmed that deputies had received tips and executed a search warrant regarding the source of the fire.[13][14]

The cause of the fire remained pending investigation.[15] However, an incident report filed by a ranger with Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks identified two potential ignition points for the fire. The first potential ignition point was a shed at Highway 93 and 170 that began to burn at approximately 11:20 a.m. MST, 30 December 2021.[16] The shed was owned by Twelve Tribes, a controversial religious organization.[17] In the days preceding the fire, Mountain View Fire and Rescue responded to a call to that property after a passerby reported a trash or grass fire.[18]

The second potential ignition point was upwind from the first, and started around noon of the same day on "western side of the Marshall Mesa trailhead."[19] Three weeks after the fire, coal-seam fires in abandoned coal drift mines under Marshall Mesa emerged as one possible source for the Marshall Mesa trailhead location.[20][21] Months later, further investigation confirmed that there were two ignition sources for the fire that were a third of a mile and 40 minutes apart.[22][23]

In June 2023, Boulder County Sheriff Curtis Johnson announced that the fire's causes had been found. He said that the fire was caused by two separate occurrences: "week-old embers on Twelve Tribes property and a sparking Xcel power line," adding that negligence and intent had been ruled out and no criminal charges were expected.[24]

Fire progression edit

 
Large plumes of smoke are visible over Superior around 2:00 PM MST on December 30. View from State Highway 128, looking north.

The Marshall Fire was first reported to 911 on 30 December 2021 at the intersection of Colorado 93 and Marshall Road at 11:09 a.m.[25] The first firefighting unit, Mountain View Fire and Rescue engine 2209, arrived on scene at 11:12 a.m. Boulder Open Space Ranger 5077 was already there. No fire was evident when they arrived, but a low hanging wire obstructed Marshall Road. Together, they closed Marshall Road. Then seeing smoke, Engine 2209 moved south along a dirt road and discovered a small grass fire at 11:21 a.m. Once the fire location was identified by the unit, high winds started to rapidly spread the fire. Three minutes after finding the fire, it was determined out of control and additional units were called to assist. At 11:44 a.m. the commander on site ordered the evacuation of residents two miles (3.2 km) downwind of the fire. By noon the fire had reached the town of Superior, three miles (4.8 km) to the east, prompting the evacuation of stores there.[26] Within another hour evacuations had been ordered for tens of thousands of people starting with the town of Superior and later the cities of Louisville, portions of Broomfield, and unincorporated Boulder County.[2][27] Other portions of Broomfield, along with portions of Lafayette, Arvada, and Westminster were issued pre-evacuation orders.[28]

Wind gusts of 115 miles per hour (185 km/h) were reported,[29] and the fire extent was an estimated 1,600 acres (650 ha) by 5:00 p.m. and had increased to 6,200 acres (2,500 ha) by 10:00 a.m. on December 31.[11]

On the night of December 31 –January 1, heavy snowfall put an end to the fire.[30]

Impacts edit

In response to the fires, Governor Jared Polis declared a state of emergency around 3:15 p.m. on the day of the outbreak and ordered a ground delay at Denver International Airport.[2][3] U.S. president Joe Biden responded to the fire by permitting the Federal Emergency Management Agency to assist.[6] For those affected by the fires, Colorado Chamber President and CEO Loren Furman announced that the Colorado Chamber was united to help members and all local businesses and residents impacted by the fire. The Northwest Chamber Alliance created a website that centralized resources for businesses for federal and state aid, local resources, and donation information.[31]

Casualties edit

Eight burn injuries were confirmed in Boulder County.[11][2] [32] One person was identified as killed while another is missing and presumed dead.[33][34][35] Over 1,000 pets are estimated to have perished, as well as two horses, two goats and nine cows. Even though much of the land burned was grazing land, rescuers saved hundreds of other livestock.[36]

Evacuations and closures edit

Over 37,500 residents, employees and shoppers safely evacuated. Ten evacuation notices were posted by Boulder County during the event.[37] The Colorado Department of Transportation closed multiple lanes and roadways as a result of crashes and the fires themselves; U.S. Route 36 was closed in both directions from Boulder to Broomfield and a portion of Colorado State Highway 470 was closed entirely near Morrison.[11] Safety warnings were also issued for travelers on a stretch of Interstate 70 between Golden and Georgetown and Colorado State Highway 93 was temporarily closed for 40 minutes in the late morning.[11]

Damage edit

An estimated 1,084 structures, including houses, a hotel and at least one shopping center, burned as a result of the Marshall Fire, and another 149 were damaged.[38][39] Less than 12 hours after igniting, the fire surpassed the 2013 Black Forest Fire as the state's most destructive in terms of structures lost. Later estimates place the total damage surpassing $2 billion.[40]

Public drinking water systems edit

The fire damaged six public drinking water systems in the area. A case study was developed to better understand decisions, resources, expertise, and response limitations during and after the wildfire.[41] The fire caused all water systems to lose power and was sometimes coupled with structure destruction, distribution depressurization, and the failure of backup power systems. These consequences jeopardized fire-fighting support and allowed for contamination of water distribution systems. Staff decontaminated and restored services, with actions taken to improve response to future events.

Gallery edit

  Media related to Marshall Fire at Wikimedia Commons

  •  
    Pots and pans seen in the remains of a home burned from the fire the night after.
  •  
    Front porch of a home burned by the fire.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Marshall Fire damage estimate now tops $2 billion". CBS News. October 27, 2022. from the original on October 28, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d "As many as 600 homes lost, 6 people injured as Marshall fire quickly spreads across Boulder County". The Colorado Sun. Boulder, Colorado. December 30, 2021. from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Colorado brushfires lead to evacuations; state of emergency declared". FOX10 Phoenix. December 30, 2021. from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  4. ^ "CU President and officials give update on Marshall and Middle Fork fires". CU Independent. December 31, 2021. from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
  5. ^ "Marshall fire officially becomes Colorado's most destructive, with 991 homes and businesses burned, officials confirm". January 1, 2022. from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  6. ^ a b "President Joe Biden Approves FEMA After Colorado Wildfires, 3 Presumed Dead". The Blast. January 2, 2022. from the original on January 2, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  7. ^ "Climate change, new construction mean more ruinous fires". RochesterFirst. January 2, 2022. from the original on January 2, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  8. ^ Bellisle, Martha (January 2, 2022). "Climate change, new construction mean more ruinous fires". AP News. from the original on January 2, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  9. ^ Hern, Elizabeth; Ehern, Ez | (December 31, 2021). "Marshall fire may have destroyed 1,000 homes in Boulder County, officials say". The Denver Post. from the original on January 2, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  10. ^ Stein, Lee (December 31, 2021). "Marshall fire explained: How we got 115 mph winds in Boulder County on a December winter day". The Denver Post. from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d e Hassan, Carma; Andes, Natalie (December 31, 2021). "Marshall Fire grew to 6,200 acres overnight, official says". CNN. from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  12. ^ "Boulder County investigators narrow Marshall fire's origin to single neighborhood". January 2, 2022. from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  13. ^ Peterson, Brittany; Garcia, Eugene (January 2, 2022). "Officials: Nearly 1K structures destroyed in Colorado fire". AP News. from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  14. ^ Sallinger, Marc (January 1, 2022). "Deputies execute search warrant in investigation of Marshall Fire". 9News. from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  15. ^ "Colorado Wildfires Burn Hundreds of Homes, Force Evacuations". Dfw.cbslocal.com. December 30, 2021. from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
  16. ^ Dorfman, Colie (June 29, 2022). "Twelve Tribes under scrutiny in Marshall Fire investigation". from the original on August 30, 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  17. ^ "Religious group's land tied to Marshall Fire investigation, sheriff says". KUSA.com. January 4, 2022. from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  18. ^ "Firefighters called to Twelve Tribes property 6 days before deadly Marshall Fire". KUSA.com. January 11, 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  19. ^ "Videos show Marshall Fire started by 2 separate ignition points less than a mile apart". 9news.com. March 7, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  20. ^ "Marshall Fire investigators look at underground coal mines as possible cause". FOX31 Denver. January 22, 2022. from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  21. ^ "Underground coal fire being investigated as a potential source of ignition in fast-moving, destructive Marshall Fire". KUSA.com. January 21, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  22. ^ "Marshall Fire". www.marshallfiremap.com. from the original on January 8, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
  23. ^ "Investigation into Marshall Fire shows multiple ignition points, sheriff says". December 28, 2022.
  24. ^ Phillips, Noelle; Bradybury, Shelly (June 8, 2023). "Marshall fire started by week-old embers on Twelve Tribes property and a sparking Xcel power line, Boulder sheriff says". Denver Post. from the original on June 9, 2023. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  25. ^ "Marshall Fire Facilitated Learning Analysis". October 27, 2022. from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  26. ^ "The minute-by-minute story of the Marshall fire's wind-fueled tear through Boulder County". The Colorado Sun. January 6, 2022. from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  27. ^ "WATCH LIVE: Entire towns of Superior and Louisville ordered to evacuate due to multiple grass fires". KUSA (TV). December 30, 2021. from the original on February 21, 2023. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  28. ^ Powell, Erin (December 30, 2021). "Polis declares state of emergency for Boulder fires". NBC 9 News. from the original on February 21, 2023. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  29. ^ "Tens of thousands of residents in Colorado told to evacuate due to wildfires driven by wind gusts as high as 115 mph". CNN. December 30, 2021. from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  30. ^ Sullivan, Becky (January 1, 2022). "Snow puts out Colorado wildfires with 3 people missing and nearly 1,000 homes burned". NPR. from the original on February 5, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  31. ^ "Colorado Chamber supports local businesses impacted by Marshall, Middle Fork Fire". FOX21 News Colorado. January 4, 2022. from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  32. ^ Bradbury, Shelly (January 2, 2022). "One of three people missing after Marshall fire is found alive". The Denver Post. from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  33. ^ Case, Angela (January 5, 2022). "Remains found in search for person missing in Marshall Fire". KUSA.com. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  34. ^ "Marshall Fire victim identified as 69-year-old man". January 7, 2022. from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  35. ^ "Identity of final person missing from Marshall fire confirmed as investigators uncover bone fragments". www.cpr.org. January 22, 2022. from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  36. ^ "Marshall Fire Facilitated Learning Analysis". October 27, 2022. from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  37. ^ "Emergency Notifications from Boulder County Communications" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on December 21, 2022. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  38. ^ "Boulder County releases updated list of structures damaged and destroyed in the Marshall Fire". Boulder County. from the original on January 9, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
  39. ^ "Boulder County Sheriff releases preliminary list of structures damaged in the Marshall Fire". Boulder County Colorado. from the original on January 2, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  40. ^ "Marshall Fire devastation cost: More than $2 billion". October 27, 2022. from the original on February 25, 2023. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  41. ^ Whelton, Andrew J.; Seidel, Chad; Wham, Brad P.; Fischer, Erica C.; Isaacson, Kristofer; Jankowski, Caroline; MacArthur, Nathan; McKenna, Elizabeth; Ley, Christian (January 2023). "The Marshall Fire: Scientific and policy needs for water system disaster response". AWWA Water Science. 5. doi:10.1002/aws2.1318. S2CID 257206725. from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved April 7, 2023.

December 20, 2023
marshall, fire, destructive, wildfire, urban, conflagration, that, started, december, 2021, shortly, after, grass, fire, boulder, county, colorado, fire, killed, people, became, most, destructive, fire, colorado, history, terms, buildings, destroyed, satellite. The Marshall Fire was a destructive wildfire and urban conflagration that started on December 30 2021 shortly after 11 00 a m MST 3 as a grass fire in Boulder County Colorado 4 The fire killed two people and became the most destructive fire in Colorado history in terms of buildings destroyed 5 Marshall FireSatellite view of the wildfire near Boulder Colorado quickly spreading into nearby homesLocationBoulder County Colorado in the towns of Superior and LouisvilleCoordinates40 05 N 105 22 W 40 09 N 105 36 W 40 09 105 36StatisticsCost gt 2 billion 1 Date s December 30 2021 January 1 2022 2 days Burned area6 026 acres 24 4 km2 Buildings destroyed1 084Deaths2Non fatal injuries6 2 This article needs to be updated The reason given is Updates on damage recovery casualties and cause Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information January 2023 Contents 1 Background factors 2 Cause 3 Fire progression 4 Impacts 4 1 Casualties 4 2 Evacuations and closures 4 3 Damage 4 4 Public drinking water systems 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 ReferencesBackground factors editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it January 2022 An unusually wet spring with above average growth of grass due to moist conditions followed by an unusually warm and dry summer and fall created abundant dry grass This combined with the lack of snow so far that winter created ideal weather conditions for wildfires 6 7 8 9 Additionally high winds were recorded in the area with gusts of up to 115 miles per hour 185 km h The winds were driven by the mountain wave effect and allowed for rapid spread of the fire 10 Effects of the high winds were also observed on the University of Colorado Boulder campus where downed branches and trees were reported 11 Cause editOn January 2 2022 then Boulder County Sheriff Joe Pelle reported that fire investigators identified a neighborhood by State Highway 93 and Marshall Road as the general area containing the origin of the fire but had not yet determined an exact origin or cause 12 The Boulder County Sheriff s Office also confirmed that deputies had received tips and executed a search warrant regarding the source of the fire 13 14 The cause of the fire remained pending investigation 15 However an incident report filed by a ranger with Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks identified two potential ignition points for the fire The first potential ignition point was a shed at Highway 93 and 170 that began to burn at approximately 11 20 a m MST 30 December 2021 16 The shed was owned by Twelve Tribes a controversial religious organization 17 In the days preceding the fire Mountain View Fire and Rescue responded to a call to that property after a passerby reported a trash or grass fire 18 The second potential ignition point was upwind from the first and started around noon of the same day on western side of the Marshall Mesa trailhead 19 Three weeks after the fire coal seam fires in abandoned coal drift mines under Marshall Mesa emerged as one possible source for the Marshall Mesa trailhead location 20 21 Months later further investigation confirmed that there were two ignition sources for the fire that were a third of a mile and 40 minutes apart 22 23 In June 2023 Boulder County Sheriff Curtis Johnson announced that the fire s causes had been found He said that the fire was caused by two separate occurrences week old embers on Twelve Tribes property and a sparking Xcel power line adding that negligence and intent had been ruled out and no criminal charges were expected 24 Fire progression edit nbsp Large plumes of smoke are visible over Superior around 2 00 PM MST on December 30 View from State Highway 128 looking north The Marshall Fire was first reported to 911 on 30 December 2021 at the intersection of Colorado 93 and Marshall Road at 11 09 a m 25 The first firefighting unit Mountain View Fire and Rescue engine 2209 arrived on scene at 11 12 a m Boulder Open Space Ranger 5077 was already there No fire was evident when they arrived but a low hanging wire obstructed Marshall Road Together they closed Marshall Road Then seeing smoke Engine 2209 moved south along a dirt road and discovered a small grass fire at 11 21 a m Once the fire location was identified by the unit high winds started to rapidly spread the fire Three minutes after finding the fire it was determined out of control and additional units were called to assist At 11 44 a m the commander on site ordered the evacuation of residents two miles 3 2 km downwind of the fire By noon the fire had reached the town of Superior three miles 4 8 km to the east prompting the evacuation of stores there 26 Within another hour evacuations had been ordered for tens of thousands of people starting with the town of Superior and later the cities of Louisville portions of Broomfield and unincorporated Boulder County 2 27 Other portions of Broomfield along with portions of Lafayette Arvada and Westminster were issued pre evacuation orders 28 Wind gusts of 115 miles per hour 185 km h were reported 29 and the fire extent was an estimated 1 600 acres 650 ha by 5 00 p m and had increased to 6 200 acres 2 500 ha by 10 00 a m on December 31 11 On the night of December 31 January 1 heavy snowfall put an end to the fire 30 Impacts editIn response to the fires Governor Jared Polis declared a state of emergency around 3 15 p m on the day of the outbreak and ordered a ground delay at Denver International Airport 2 3 U S president Joe Biden responded to the fire by permitting the Federal Emergency Management Agency to assist 6 For those affected by the fires Colorado Chamber President and CEO Loren Furman announced that the Colorado Chamber was united to help members and all local businesses and residents impacted by the fire The Northwest Chamber Alliance created a website that centralized resources for businesses for federal and state aid local resources and donation information 31 Casualties edit Eight burn injuries were confirmed in Boulder County 11 2 32 One person was identified as killed while another is missing and presumed dead 33 34 35 Over 1 000 pets are estimated to have perished as well as two horses two goats and nine cows Even though much of the land burned was grazing land rescuers saved hundreds of other livestock 36 Evacuations and closures edit Over 37 500 residents employees and shoppers safely evacuated Ten evacuation notices were posted by Boulder County during the event 37 The Colorado Department of Transportation closed multiple lanes and roadways as a result of crashes and the fires themselves U S Route 36 was closed in both directions from Boulder to Broomfield and a portion of Colorado State Highway 470 was closed entirely near Morrison 11 Safety warnings were also issued for travelers on a stretch of Interstate 70 between Golden and Georgetown and Colorado State Highway 93 was temporarily closed for 40 minutes in the late morning 11 Damage edit An estimated 1 084 structures including houses a hotel and at least one shopping center burned as a result of the Marshall Fire and another 149 were damaged 38 39 Less than 12 hours after igniting the fire surpassed the 2013 Black Forest Fire as the state s most destructive in terms of structures lost Later estimates place the total damage surpassing 2 billion 40 Public drinking water systems edit The fire damaged six public drinking water systems in the area A case study was developed to better understand decisions resources expertise and response limitations during and after the wildfire 41 The fire caused all water systems to lose power and was sometimes coupled with structure destruction distribution depressurization and the failure of backup power systems These consequences jeopardized fire fighting support and allowed for contamination of water distribution systems Staff decontaminated and restored services with actions taken to improve response to future events Gallery edit nbsp Media related to Marshall Fire at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Pots and pans seen in the remains of a home burned from the fire the night after nbsp Front porch of a home burned by the fire See also editWeather of 2021 2021 Colorado wildfires Weather of 2022 2022 Colorado wildfiresReferences edit Marshall Fire damage estimate now tops 2 billion CBS News October 27 2022 Archived from the original on October 28 2022 Retrieved June 5 2023 a b c d As many as 600 homes lost 6 people injured as Marshall fire quickly spreads across Boulder County The Colorado Sun Boulder Colorado December 30 2021 Archived from the original on January 1 2022 Retrieved January 1 2022 a b Colorado brushfires lead to evacuations state of emergency declared FOX10 Phoenix December 30 2021 Archived from the original on December 31 2021 Retrieved December 31 2021 CU President and officials give update on Marshall and Middle Fork fires CU Independent December 31 2021 Archived from the original on January 1 2022 Retrieved January 1 2022 Marshall fire officially becomes Colorado s most destructive with 991 homes and businesses burned officials confirm January 1 2022 Archived from the original on September 20 2022 Retrieved March 31 2022 a b President Joe Biden Approves FEMA After Colorado Wildfires 3 Presumed Dead The Blast January 2 2022 Archived from the original on January 2 2022 Retrieved January 2 2022 Climate change new construction mean more ruinous fires RochesterFirst January 2 2022 Archived from the original on January 2 2022 Retrieved January 3 2022 Bellisle Martha January 2 2022 Climate change new construction mean more ruinous fires AP News Archived from the original on January 2 2022 Retrieved January 2 2022 Hern Elizabeth Ehern Ez December 31 2021 Marshall fire may have destroyed 1 000 homes in Boulder County officials say The Denver Post Archived from the original on January 2 2022 Retrieved January 2 2022 Stein Lee December 31 2021 Marshall fire explained How we got 115 mph winds in Boulder County on a December winter day The Denver Post Archived from the original on January 3 2022 Retrieved January 3 2022 a b c d e Hassan Carma Andes Natalie December 31 2021 Marshall Fire grew to 6 200 acres overnight official says CNN Archived from the original on January 1 2022 Retrieved December 31 2021 Boulder County investigators narrow Marshall fire s origin to single neighborhood January 2 2022 Archived from the original on January 3 2022 Retrieved January 2 2022 Peterson Brittany Garcia Eugene January 2 2022 Officials Nearly 1K structures destroyed in Colorado fire AP News Archived from the original on January 1 2022 Retrieved January 2 2022 Sallinger Marc January 1 2022 Deputies execute search warrant in investigation of Marshall Fire 9News Archived from the original on October 31 2023 Retrieved January 2 2022 Colorado Wildfires Burn Hundreds of Homes Force Evacuations Dfw cbslocal com December 30 2021 Archived from the original on October 31 2023 Retrieved January 13 2023 Dorfman Colie June 29 2022 Twelve Tribes under scrutiny in Marshall Fire investigation Archived from the original on August 30 2022 Retrieved August 30 2022 Religious group s land tied to Marshall Fire investigation sheriff says KUSA com January 4 2022 Archived from the original on October 31 2023 Retrieved August 30 2022 Firefighters called to Twelve Tribes property 6 days before deadly Marshall Fire KUSA com January 11 2022 Retrieved August 30 2022 Videos show Marshall Fire started by 2 separate ignition points less than a mile apart 9news com March 7 2021 Retrieved May 25 2022 Marshall Fire investigators look at underground coal mines as possible cause FOX31 Denver January 22 2022 Archived from the original on January 22 2022 Retrieved January 22 2022 Underground coal fire being investigated as a potential source of ignition in fast moving destructive Marshall Fire KUSA com January 21 2011 Retrieved January 22 2022 Marshall Fire www marshallfiremap com Archived from the original on January 8 2023 Retrieved April 10 2023 Investigation into Marshall Fire shows multiple ignition points sheriff says December 28 2022 Phillips Noelle Bradybury Shelly June 8 2023 Marshall fire started by week old embers on Twelve Tribes property and a sparking Xcel power line Boulder sheriff says Denver Post Archived from the original on June 9 2023 Retrieved June 9 2023 Marshall Fire Facilitated Learning Analysis October 27 2022 Archived from the original on March 22 2023 Retrieved February 24 2023 The minute by minute story of the Marshall fire s wind fueled tear through Boulder County The Colorado Sun January 6 2022 Archived from the original on January 7 2022 Retrieved January 7 2022 WATCH LIVE Entire towns of Superior and Louisville ordered to evacuate due to multiple grass fires KUSA TV December 30 2021 Archived from the original on February 21 2023 Retrieved December 31 2021 Powell Erin December 30 2021 Polis declares state of emergency for Boulder fires NBC 9 News Archived from the original on February 21 2023 Retrieved December 30 2021 Tens of thousands of residents in Colorado told to evacuate due to wildfires driven by wind gusts as high as 115 mph CNN December 30 2021 Archived from the original on January 1 2022 Retrieved December 31 2021 Sullivan Becky January 1 2022 Snow puts out Colorado wildfires with 3 people missing and nearly 1 000 homes burned NPR Archived from the original on February 5 2022 Retrieved January 2 2022 Colorado Chamber supports local businesses impacted by Marshall Middle Fork Fire FOX21 News Colorado January 4 2022 Archived from the original on January 6 2022 Retrieved January 6 2022 Bradbury Shelly January 2 2022 One of three people missing after Marshall fire is found alive The Denver Post Archived from the original on January 3 2022 Retrieved January 3 2022 Case Angela January 5 2022 Remains found in search for person missing in Marshall Fire KUSA com Retrieved January 6 2022 Marshall Fire victim identified as 69 year old man January 7 2022 Archived from the original on January 8 2022 Retrieved January 8 2022 Identity of final person missing from Marshall fire confirmed as investigators uncover bone fragments www cpr org January 22 2022 Archived from the original on May 25 2022 Retrieved May 25 2022 Marshall Fire Facilitated Learning Analysis October 27 2022 Archived from the original on March 22 2023 Retrieved February 24 2023 Emergency Notifications from Boulder County Communications PDF Archived PDF from the original on December 21 2022 Retrieved February 25 2023 Boulder County releases updated list of structures damaged and destroyed in the Marshall Fire Boulder County Archived from the original on January 9 2022 Retrieved January 9 2022 Boulder County Sheriff releases preliminary list of structures damaged in the Marshall Fire Boulder County Colorado Archived from the original on January 2 2022 Retrieved January 2 2022 Marshall Fire devastation cost More than 2 billion October 27 2022 Archived from the original on February 25 2023 Retrieved February 25 2023 Whelton Andrew J Seidel Chad Wham Brad P Fischer Erica C Isaacson Kristofer Jankowski Caroline MacArthur Nathan McKenna Elizabeth Ley Christian January 2023 The Marshall Fire Scientific and policy needs for water system disaster response AWWA Water Science 5 doi 10 1002 aws2 1318 S2CID 257206725 Archived from the original on October 31 2023 Retrieved April 7 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marshall Fire amp oldid 1182853786, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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