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2016 Parti Québécois leadership election

The 2016 Parti Québécois leadership election occurred from October 5 to October 7, 2016 due to the resignation of Parti Québécois leader Pierre Karl Péladeau on May 2, 2016. Jean-François Lisée was elected on the second ballot with 50.63% of the vote.

2016 Parti Québécois leadership election

← 2015 October 7, 2016 2020 →
Turnout75.09%
 
Candidate Jean-François Lisée Alexandre Cloutier
1st Ballot 25,936 16,357
percentage 47.03% 29.66%
2nd Ballot 27,801 17,403
percentage 50.63% 31.70%

 
Candidate Martine Ouellet Paul St-Pierre Plamondon
1st Ballot 9,077 3,772
percentage 16.46% 6.84%
2nd Ballot 9,702 Eliminated
percentage 17.67%

Leader before election

Pierre Karl Péladeau

Elected Leader

Jean-François Lisée

To be nominated, a candidate paid a $20,000 non-refundable registration fee and submitted signatures of 1,500 party members from the provinces 45 different ridings in Quebec's seven regions by June 30, 2016. The campaign spending limit was $200,000 per candidate.[1]

Timeline edit

Candidates edit

Alexandre Cloutier edit

Background
 
Alexandre Cloutier, MNA for Lac-Saint-Jean

MNA for Lac-Saint-Jean (2007–present), Minister for Canadian Intergovernmental Affairs, the Canadian Francophonie and Sovereignist Governance (2012–2014), second-place finisher in 2015 leadership election.

Date candidacy declared: May 13, 2016[8]
Supporters
Support from caucus members: (14) François Gendron (Abitibi-Ouest), Agnès Maltais (Taschereau), Sylvain Roy (Bonaventure), Harold Lebel (Rimouski), Dave Turcotte (Saint-Jean), Martin Ouellet (René-Lévesque), Sylvain Rochon (Richelieu), Guy Leclair (Beauharnois),[9] Nicole Léger (Pointe-aux-Trembles),[10] Diane Lamarre (Taillon), Maka Kotto (Bourget), Mireille Jean (Chicoutimi), Sylvain Pagé (Labelle),[11] Gaétan Lelièvre (Gaspé)[12]
Support from former caucus members: Stéphane Bédard (Chicoutimi, 1998-2015), former interim leader (2014-2015),[8] Guy Julien (Trois-Rivières), Yves Duhaime (Saint-Maurice), Jean-Pierre Jolivet (Laviolette), Élaine Zakaïb (Richelieu), Serge Geoffrion (La Prairie), Jérôme Proulx (Saint-Jean) [13]
Other prominent supporters: Bernard Landry (Former Premier of Quebec)
Policies: Does not intend to call a sovereignty referendum until a PQ government's second term, if there is a 'groundswell' of support. Says education is a priority and also supports measures to keep corporate head offices from leaving Quebec. Also supports protecting the French language and entrenching secularism in Quebec's constitution.[8]

Jean-François Lisée edit

Background
 
Jean-François Lisée, MNA for Rosemont

MNA for Rosemont (2012–present), Minister of International Relations, La Francophonie and External Trade (2012–2014), former journalist and professor.[14] Ran in 2015 leadership election but withdrew.

Date candidacy declared: May 16, 2016[15]
Supporters
Support from caucus members: (5) Carole Poirier (Hochelaga-Maisonneuve), Alain Therrien (Sanguinet), Mathieu Traversy (Terrebonne), André Villeneuve (Berthier),[16] Pascal Bérubé (Matane-Matapédia)[17]
Support from former caucus members:
Other prominent supporters:
Policies: Opposes holding a referendum in a PQ government's first mandate and opposes any government initiatives or public spending to lay the groundwork for sovereignty until a PQ government wins its second mandate. Supports the proposed Quebec Charter of Values and has called for a ban on wearing the niqab and burka in public.[18]

Martine Ouellet edit

Background
 
Martine Ouellet, MNA for Vachon

MNA for Vachon (2010–present), Minister of Natural Resources and Wildlife (2012–2014), third-place finisher in 2015 leadership election.[15] Worked at Hydro-Québec for 20 years as a mechanical engineer prior to entering politics.[19]

Date candidacy declared: May 27, 2016[15]
Supporters
Support from caucus members:
Support from former caucus members: Robert Dean (Prévost), Gilbert Paquette (Rosemont)
Other prominent supporters: Mario Beaulieu, MP for La Pointe-de-l'Île and president of the Bloc Québécois, Xavier Barsalou-Duval, MP for Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères, Michel Boudrias, MP for Terrebonne, Marilène Gill, MP for Manicouagan
Policies: Promises to hold a referendum on Quebec sovereignty in a first mandate[19]

Paul St-Pierre Plamondon edit

Background

39-year-old lawyer, political columnist, essayist and commentator who has never held a seat in the Quebec National Assembly.[20]

Date candidacy declared: June 3, 2016[20]
Supporters
Support from caucus members:
Support from former caucus members:
Other prominent supporters:
Policies: Wishes to revive social democracy and opposes austerity. Opposes holding a referendum on sovereignty during a PQ government's first mandate and would hold public consultations during a second mandate to gauge whether or not the public is interested. Opposes the Quebec Charter of Values proposed by the former PQ government in 2014.[21]

Withdrawn candidate edit

Véronique Hivon edit

Background

MNA for Joliette (2008–present), Minister of Social Services and Youth Protection, Minister of the Lanaudière region and Minister responsible for the Die in Dignity commission (2012–2014).[15]

Date candidacy declared: May 9, 2016[22]
Date candidacy withdrawn: August 26, 2016[23]
Supporters
Support from caucus members: (5) Mathieu Traversy (Terrebonne), Claude Cousineau (Bertrand), André Villeneuve (Berthier), Carole Poirier (Hochelaga-Maisonneuve), Sylvain Pagé (Labelle)[24]
Support from former caucus members: (8) Marie Bouillé (Iberville), Gilles Chapadeau (Rouyn-Noranda–Témiscamingue), Linda Goupil (Lévis) former Justice minister, Élizabeth Larouche (Abitibi-Est) former Aboriginal Affairs minister, Scott McKay (Repentigny), Serge Ménard (Laval-des-Rapides) former Public Security minister, Lucie Papineau (Prévost) former Industry and Commerce minister, Cécile Vermette (Marie-Victorin)
Other prominent supporters: Claude DeBellefeuille, former Bloc Québécois MP (Beauharnois—Salaberry), Gabrielle Lemieux, Advisor on the national executive of the PQ, Paul Crête, Vice-President on the national executive of the PQ, Gabriel Ste-Marie, Bloc Québécois MP (Joliette)
Policies: Supports electoral reform and more free votes in the Quebec National Assembly.[25]

Declined edit

Results edit

First round:

  • Jean-François Lisée: 25,936 (47.03%)
  • Alexandre Cloutier: 16,357 (29.66%)
  • Martine Ouellet: 9,077 (16.46%)
  • Paul St-Pierre Plamondon: 3,772 (6.84%)

Second round:

  • Jean-François Lisée: 27,801 (50.63%)
  • Alexandre Cloutier: 17,403 (31.70%)
  • Martine Ouellet: 9,702 (17.67%)
    • Total votes: 55,142
    • Turnout: 75.09 per cent

Source:[30]

Opinion polling edit

Parti Québécois supporters edit

Polling firm/Link Last date
of polling
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Alexandre
Cloutier
Véronique
Hivon
Jean-François
Lisée
Martine
Ouellet
fr:Paul St-Pierre Plamondon Other/
Undecided
Léger Marketing September 29, 2016 991 ± 3.1% 31% 29% 12% 3% Don't know 16%
None of the above 8%
No answer 1%
CROP September 19, 2016 1,000 37% 36% 22% 5%
September 1, 2016 1,006 ± 3.1% 39% 23% 18% 1% Don't know 15%
None of the above 4%
June 8, 2016 990 ± 3.1% 37% 14% 15% 7% 2% Don't know 26%
May 5, 2016 1,003 ± 3% 27% 11% 6% 4% Don't know 22%
Bernard Drainville 15%
Jean-Martin Aussant 14%
No answer 1%

All Quebecers edit

Polling firm/Link Last date
of polling
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Alexandre
Cloutier
Véronique
Hivon
Jean-François
Lisée
Martine
Ouellet
fr:Paul St-Pierre Plamondon Other/
Undecided
Léger Marketing September 29, 2016 991 ± 3.1% 20% 21% 8% 2% Don't know 27%
None of the above 20%
No answer 2%
September 1, 2016 1,006 ± 3.1% 26% 16% 10% 1% Don't know 25%
None of the above 20%
June 8, 2016 990 ± 3.1% 25% 13% 11% 3% 1% Don't know 43%
No answer 4%
May 5, 2016 1,003 ± 3% 22% 10% 6% 3% Don't know 35%
Bernard Drainville 10%
Jean-Martin Aussant 9%
No answer 4%

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d "PQ to pick new leader Oct. 7 following a shortened campaign".
  2. ^ a b c "No stars shine on Parti Québécois horizon as party searches for leader", Globe and Mail, May 6, 2016
  3. ^ "Sylvain Gaudreault chosen Parti Québécois' interim leader | CBC News".
  4. ^ "New PQ leader to be elected by mid-October | CBC News".
  5. ^ "Parti Québécois to elect new leader by mid-October".
  6. ^ "PQ to choose next leader Oct. 7". May 29, 2016.
  7. ^ "Parti Québécois announces five official candidates, launches leadership race".
  8. ^ a b c "PQ can't expect blank cheque on sovereignty, Cloutier says kicking off PQ leadership campaign".
  9. ^ "Alexandre Cloutier n'est pas pressé".
  10. ^ "Parti québécois: Trois officiers quittent leurs fonctions et appuient Cloutier".
  11. ^ Le Huffington Post Québec (September 10, 2016). "Sylvain Pagé appuie Alexandre Cloutier". Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  12. ^ ICI Radio-Canada.ca (September 22, 2016). "Course à la chefferie du PQ : Gaétan Lelièvre derrière Alexandre Cloutier". Retrieved September 24, 2016.
  13. ^ . Archived from the original on July 16, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  14. ^ "Jean-François Lisée se lance dans la course à la direction du PQ". Radio Canada. October 31, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
  15. ^ a b c d e f "PQ leadership candidate Martine Ouellet says Quebec urgently needs to separate from Canada".
  16. ^ Lavallée, Hugo (September 7, 2016). "Quatre députés appuient Lisée dans la course à la direction du PQ". Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  17. ^ Croteau, Martin (September 19, 2016). "Course au PQ: Pascal Bérubé appuie Jean-François Lisée". Retrieved September 20, 2016.
  18. ^ "Don Macpherson: Jean-François Lisée and the truth about Quebec independence".
  19. ^ a b "PQ leadership candidate Martine Ouellet says Quebec urgently needs to separate from Canada". Montreal Gazette. May 27, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
  20. ^ a b "Paul St-Pierre Plamondon joins Parti Québécois leadership race". Globe and Mail. Canadian Press. June 3, 2016. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  21. ^ "Paul StPierre Plamondon enters PQ leadership race, promises no referendum". Montreal Gazette. June 3, 2016. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  22. ^ "Joliette MNA Véronique Hivon announces bid for Parti Québécois leadership".
  23. ^ "Véronique Hivon bows out of Parti Québécois leadership race".
  24. ^ "PQ leadership race heats up with Cloutier poised to announce candidacy".
  25. ^ "PQ's Véronique Hivon promises electoral reform".
  26. ^ http://fr.canoe.ca/infos/quebeccanada/politiqueprovinciale/archives/2014/10/20141021-152114.html[dead link]
  27. ^ "La course péquiste : Débat d'idées ou culte de la personnalité?".
  28. ^ "Sylvain Gaudreault steps in as interim Parti Québécois leader".
  29. ^ "Nicolas Marceau opts out of Parti Québécois leadership race".
  30. ^ . Archived from the original on October 9, 2016.

2016, parti, québécois, leadership, election, occurred, from, october, october, 2016, resignation, parti, québécois, leader, pierre, karl, péladeau, 2016, jean, françois, lisée, elected, second, ballot, with, vote, 2015, october, 2016, 2020, turnout75, candida. The 2016 Parti Quebecois leadership election occurred from October 5 to October 7 2016 due to the resignation of Parti Quebecois leader Pierre Karl Peladeau on May 2 2016 Jean Francois Lisee was elected on the second ballot with 50 63 of the vote 2016 Parti Quebecois leadership election 2015 October 7 2016 2020 Turnout75 09 Candidate Jean Francois Lisee Alexandre Cloutier1st Ballot 25 936 16 357percentage 47 03 29 66 2nd Ballot 27 801 17 403percentage 50 63 31 70 Candidate Martine Ouellet Paul St Pierre Plamondon1st Ballot 9 077 3 772percentage 16 46 6 84 2nd Ballot 9 702 Eliminatedpercentage 17 67 Leader before electionPierre Karl Peladeau Elected Leader Jean Francois LiseeTo be nominated a candidate paid a 20 000 non refundable registration fee and submitted signatures of 1 500 party members from the provinces 45 different ridings in Quebec s seven regions by June 30 2016 The campaign spending limit was 200 000 per candidate 1 Contents 1 Timeline 2 Candidates 2 1 Alexandre Cloutier 2 2 Jean Francois Lisee 2 3 Martine Ouellet 2 4 Paul St Pierre Plamondon 3 Withdrawn candidate 3 1 Veronique Hivon 4 Declined 5 Results 6 Opinion polling 6 1 Parti Quebecois supporters 6 2 All Quebecers 7 See also 8 ReferencesTimeline editMay 2 2016 Pierre Karl Peladeau announces his resignation as leader May 6 2016 Sylvain Gaudreault Jonquiere is elected interim leader by the party s caucus 2 defeating Agnes Maltais Taschereau 3 May 7 2016 The party s executive council decides that the leadership election will be held between September 15 and October 15 2016 4 May 28 29 2016 Leadership election rules and timetable to be finalized at a meeting of riding association presidents in Drummondville Quebec 5 6 June 30 2016 Deadline for candidates to be nominated and to make first deposit of 10 000 1 August 30 2016 Deadline for second deposit of 10 000 7 October 5 7 2016 Voting takes place online and by phone using a preferential ballot 1 October 7 2016 Results announced at a rally in Quebec City 1 Candidates editAlexandre Cloutier edit Background nbsp Alexandre Cloutier MNA for Lac Saint JeanMNA for Lac Saint Jean 2007 present Minister for Canadian Intergovernmental Affairs the Canadian Francophonie and Sovereignist Governance 2012 2014 second place finisher in 2015 leadership election Date candidacy declared May 13 2016 8 Supporters Support from caucus members 14 Francois Gendron Abitibi Ouest Agnes Maltais Taschereau Sylvain Roy Bonaventure Harold Lebel Rimouski Dave Turcotte Saint Jean Martin Ouellet Rene Levesque Sylvain Rochon Richelieu Guy Leclair Beauharnois 9 Nicole Leger Pointe aux Trembles 10 Diane Lamarre Taillon Maka Kotto Bourget Mireille Jean Chicoutimi Sylvain Page Labelle 11 Gaetan Lelievre Gaspe 12 Support from former caucus members Stephane Bedard Chicoutimi 1998 2015 former interim leader 2014 2015 8 Guy Julien Trois Rivieres Yves Duhaime Saint Maurice Jean Pierre Jolivet Laviolette Elaine Zakaib Richelieu Serge Geoffrion La Prairie Jerome Proulx Saint Jean 13 Other prominent supporters Bernard Landry Former Premier of Quebec Policies Does not intend to call a sovereignty referendum until a PQ government s second term if there is a groundswell of support Says education is a priority and also supports measures to keep corporate head offices from leaving Quebec Also supports protecting the French language and entrenching secularism in Quebec s constitution 8 Jean Francois Lisee edit Background nbsp Jean Francois Lisee MNA for RosemontMNA for Rosemont 2012 present Minister of International Relations La Francophonie and External Trade 2012 2014 former journalist and professor 14 Ran in 2015 leadership election but withdrew Date candidacy declared May 16 2016 15 Supporters Support from caucus members 5 Carole Poirier Hochelaga Maisonneuve Alain Therrien Sanguinet Mathieu Traversy Terrebonne Andre Villeneuve Berthier 16 Pascal Berube Matane Matapedia 17 Support from former caucus members Other prominent supporters Policies Opposes holding a referendum in a PQ government s first mandate and opposes any government initiatives or public spending to lay the groundwork for sovereignty until a PQ government wins its second mandate Supports the proposed Quebec Charter of Values and has called for a ban on wearing the niqab and burka in public 18 Martine Ouellet edit Background nbsp Martine Ouellet MNA for VachonMNA for Vachon 2010 present Minister of Natural Resources and Wildlife 2012 2014 third place finisher in 2015 leadership election 15 Worked at Hydro Quebec for 20 years as a mechanical engineer prior to entering politics 19 Date candidacy declared May 27 2016 15 Supporters Support from caucus members Support from former caucus members Robert Dean Prevost Gilbert Paquette Rosemont Other prominent supporters Mario Beaulieu MP for La Pointe de l Ile and president of the Bloc Quebecois Xavier Barsalou Duval MP for Pierre Boucher Les Patriotes Vercheres Michel Boudrias MP for Terrebonne Marilene Gill MP for Manicouagan Policies Promises to hold a referendum on Quebec sovereignty in a first mandate 19 Paul St Pierre Plamondon edit Background39 year old lawyer political columnist essayist and commentator who has never held a seat in the Quebec National Assembly 20 Date candidacy declared June 3 2016 20 Supporters Support from caucus members Support from former caucus members Other prominent supporters Policies Wishes to revive social democracy and opposes austerity Opposes holding a referendum on sovereignty during a PQ government s first mandate and would hold public consultations during a second mandate to gauge whether or not the public is interested Opposes the Quebec Charter of Values proposed by the former PQ government in 2014 21 Withdrawn candidate editVeronique Hivon edit BackgroundMNA for Joliette 2008 present Minister of Social Services and Youth Protection Minister of the Lanaudiere region and Minister responsible for the Die in Dignity commission 2012 2014 15 Date candidacy declared May 9 2016 22 Date candidacy withdrawn August 26 2016 23 Supporters Support from caucus members 5 Mathieu Traversy Terrebonne Claude Cousineau Bertrand Andre Villeneuve Berthier Carole Poirier Hochelaga Maisonneuve Sylvain Page Labelle 24 Support from former caucus members 8 Marie Bouille Iberville Gilles Chapadeau Rouyn Noranda Temiscamingue Linda Goupil Levis former Justice minister Elizabeth Larouche Abitibi Est former Aboriginal Affairs minister Scott McKay Repentigny Serge Menard Laval des Rapides former Public Security minister Lucie Papineau Prevost former Industry and Commerce minister Cecile Vermette Marie Victorin Other prominent supporters Claude DeBellefeuille former Bloc Quebecois MP Beauharnois Salaberry Gabrielle Lemieux Advisor on the national executive of the PQ Paul Crete Vice President on the national executive of the PQ Gabriel Ste Marie Bloc Quebecois MP Joliette Policies Supports electoral reform and more free votes in the Quebec National Assembly 25 Declined editJean Martin Aussant MNA for Nicolet Yamaska 2008 2012 as member for the PQ from 2008 until 2011 when he resigned criticising then leader Pauline Marois for downplaying Quebec sovereignty Leader of the Option nationale political party 2011 2013 currently executive director of Chantier de l economie sociale 2 15 Pierre Cere spokesperson for the Conseil national des chomeurs PQ activist and 2014 candidate in Laurier Dorion 26 27 Bernard Drainville MNA for Marie Victorin 2007 2016 Minister responsible for Democratic Institutions and Active Citizenship 2012 2014 and the main architect and defender of the Quebec Charter of Values 2 15 Nicolas Marceau MNA for Rousseau 2009 present Minister of Finance 2012 2014 28 29 Results editFirst round Jean Francois Lisee 25 936 47 03 Alexandre Cloutier 16 357 29 66 Martine Ouellet 9 077 16 46 Paul St Pierre Plamondon 3 772 6 84 Second round Jean Francois Lisee 27 801 50 63 Alexandre Cloutier 17 403 31 70 Martine Ouellet 9 702 17 67 Total votes 55 142 Turnout 75 09 per centSource 30 Opinion polling editParti Quebecois supporters edit Polling firm Link Last dateof polling Samplesize Margin of error AlexandreCloutier VeroniqueHivon Jean FrancoisLisee MartineOuellet fr Paul St Pierre Plamondon Other UndecidedLeger Marketing September 29 2016 991 3 1 31 29 12 3 Don t know 16 None of the above 8 No answer 1 CROP September 19 2016 1 000 37 36 22 5 Leger Marketing September 1 2016 1 006 3 1 39 23 18 1 Don t know 15 None of the above 4 Leger Marketing June 8 2016 990 3 1 37 14 15 7 2 Don t know 26 Leger Marketing May 5 2016 1 003 3 27 11 6 4 Don t know 22 Bernard Drainville 15 Jean Martin Aussant 14 No answer 1 All Quebecers edit Polling firm Link Last dateof polling Samplesize Margin of error AlexandreCloutier VeroniqueHivon Jean FrancoisLisee MartineOuellet fr Paul St Pierre Plamondon Other UndecidedLeger Marketing September 29 2016 991 3 1 20 21 8 2 Don t know 27 None of the above 20 No answer 2 Leger Marketing September 1 2016 1 006 3 1 26 16 10 1 Don t know 25 None of the above 20 Leger Marketing June 8 2016 990 3 1 25 13 11 3 1 Don t know 43 No answer 4 Leger Marketing May 5 2016 1 003 3 22 10 6 3 Don t know 35 Bernard Drainville 10 Jean Martin Aussant 9 No answer 4 See also editParti Quebecois leadership electionsReferences edit a b c d PQ to pick new leader Oct 7 following a shortened campaign a b c No stars shine on Parti Quebecois horizon as party searches for leader Globe and Mail May 6 2016 Sylvain Gaudreault chosen Parti Quebecois interim leader CBC News New PQ leader to be elected by mid October CBC News Parti Quebecois to elect new leader by mid October PQ to choose next leader Oct 7 May 29 2016 Parti Quebecois announces five official candidates launches leadership race a b c PQ can t expect blank cheque on sovereignty Cloutier says kicking off PQ leadership campaign Alexandre Cloutier n est pas presse Parti quebecois Trois officiers quittent leurs fonctions et appuient Cloutier Le Huffington Post Quebec September 10 2016 Sylvain Page appuie Alexandre Cloutier Retrieved September 18 2016 ICI Radio Canada ca September 22 2016 Course a la chefferie du PQ Gaetan Lelievre derriere Alexandre Cloutier Retrieved September 24 2016 De nouveaux appuis en Monteregie pour Alexandre Cloutier Archived from the original on July 16 2016 Retrieved July 18 2016 Jean Francois Lisee se lance dans la course a la direction du PQ Radio Canada October 31 2014 Retrieved October 31 2014 a b c d e f PQ leadership candidate Martine Ouellet says Quebec urgently needs to separate from Canada Lavallee Hugo September 7 2016 Quatre deputes appuient Lisee dans la course a la direction du PQ Retrieved September 18 2016 Croteau Martin September 19 2016 Course au PQ Pascal Berube appuie Jean Francois Lisee Retrieved September 20 2016 Don Macpherson Jean Francois Lisee and the truth about Quebec independence a b PQ leadership candidate Martine Ouellet says Quebec urgently needs to separate from Canada Montreal Gazette May 27 2016 Retrieved May 29 2016 a b Paul St Pierre Plamondon joins Parti Quebecois leadership race Globe and Mail Canadian Press June 3 2016 Retrieved June 4 2016 Paul StPierre Plamondon enters PQ leadership race promises no referendum Montreal Gazette June 3 2016 Retrieved June 4 2016 Joliette MNA Veronique Hivon announces bid for Parti Quebecois leadership Veronique Hivon bows out of Parti Quebecois leadership race PQ leadership race heats up with Cloutier poised to announce candidacy PQ s Veronique Hivon promises electoral reform http fr canoe ca infos quebeccanada politiqueprovinciale archives 2014 10 20141021 152114 html dead link La course pequiste Debat d idees ou culte de la personnalite Sylvain Gaudreault steps in as interim Parti Quebecois leader Nicolas Marceau opts out of Parti Quebecois leadership race Jean Francois Lisee squeaks to victory in Parti Quebecois leadership race Montreal Gazette Archived from the original on October 9 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2016 Parti Quebecois leadership election amp oldid 1174390688, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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