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2013 dengue outbreak in Singapore

In the 2013 dengue outbreak in Singapore, a significant rise in the number of dengue fever cases was reported in Singapore. The outbreak began in January, with the number of infections beginning to surge in April, before eventually reaching a peak of 842 dengue cases in the week of 16–22 June 2013.[2] This figure was far beyond the highest number of cases per week in the previous three years.[3] Although there were concerns that the rate of infection could exceed 1,000 per week,[4] these fears did not materialize.

2013 dengue outbreak in Singapore
DiseaseDengue fever
Virus strainDengue virus
LocationSingapore
Date2013
Confirmed cases22,170[1]
Deaths
8[1]
Fatality rate0.036%
Government website
NEA Dengue Cases

As official data showed, more than 13,000 people were infected with dengue as of mid-July in 2013, fast nearing the total of 14,209 infections in the 2005 dengue outbreak, the worst year on record.[5] The 2005 record was surpassed in the week of 4–10 August, when the total number of cases of reached 14,217.[3] The year ended with a total of 22,170 people infected with the disease,[2] a record that would stand until 2020.[6]

Status of outbreak edit

 
Comparison chart showing the increase of Dengue cases in Singapore each week from May to June 2013
Status (as of 31 December 2013)
Number of cases 22,170[2]
Number of deaths 8[1]

Timeline edit

February edit

  • 16 February: 322 people contract dengue in the past week, the highest in five and a half years. A total of 1,442 cases are recorded in the first six weeks of the year.[7]

April edit

  • 14 April: After several weeks where the number of weekly cases hovered around 300, a rapid surge in the first two week of April takes the figure up to 492 weekly cases.[2]
The National Environment Agency (NEA) attributed the spike to an increase in the DENV-1 serotype of the dengue virus. Because that strain was less common, the local community was more susceptible to it.[8]

May edit

  • 29 May: Dengue claimed its first death in Singapore in 2013.
The victim was diagnosed as having viral fever on 23 May at Tan Tock Seng Hospital's Emergency Department. He was then discharged with the advice to return if his condition worsened. He subsequently returned to Tan Tock Seng Hospital on 26 May and was diagnosed with dengue fever. He then died from dengue shock syndrome on 29 May.[9]

June edit

  • 7 June: The total number of cases exceeds 9,000.[10]
  • 9 June: A second person died from dengue in Singapore. He was tested positive for dengue on 8 June, but his condition deteriorated.[11]
  • 18 June: The total number of cases exceeds 10,000.[12]
  • 22 June: 842 new dengue cases are recorded in the week of 16–22 June 2013, marking the peak number of weekly infections for the year.[2] The total number of dengue cases would pass the 11,000 mark soon after.[13]
  • 25 June: Two deaths due to dengue were reported.
The third victim was admitted to Khoo Teck Puat Hospital emergency department (ED) on 22 June 2013 with fever and low blood pressure. He was then sent to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) diagnosed with a dengue shock syndrome, kidney failure and liver inflammation. His condition deteriorated and died on 25 June 2013.[14]
An Indonesian male was also pronounced dead on 25 June 2013 and has become the fourth person to die from dengue in Singapore. The victim contracted dengue fever overseas between 10 and 21 June 2013 and was subsequently sent to Tan Tock Seng Hospital's Emergency Department on 23 June 2013 after a prolonged 3-day fever. His condition started to deteriorate on 24 June 2013 in the Intensive Care unit (ICU).[15]

July edit

  • 8 July: A fifth person dies from dengue.
The patient was a 66-year-old Chinese male who had multi-organ failure from severe dengue shock syndrome. He had initially gone to the Emergency Department on 2 July with fever and lethargy, and subsequent tests confirmed dengue fever. He was admitted and transferred to the ICU after deterioration, but continued to deteriorate and died on the morning of 8 July.[16]
  • 16 July: The total number of dengue cases crosses the 13,000 mark.[17]

August edit

  • 10 August: The total number of cases of reached 14,217 in the week of 4–10 August,[3] surpassing the previous record of 14,209 from the 2005 outbreak.
  • 13 August: A 52-year-old Chinese male becomes the sixth death due to dengue.
He was first seen at Jurong Polyclinic on 29 June 2013 with a two-day history of fever. He returned to the polyclinic a few days later as he was still having fever and was referred by the polyclinic to the National University Hospital (NUH) emergency department. He was admitted to NUH's Medical Intensive Care Unit on the same day and was diagnosed with Dengue Shock Syndrome. The patient's condition improved transiently after dialysis and supportive therapy but he remained critically ill with low blood counts. The patient's condition deteriorated after he developed pneumonia with septic shock on 11 August 2013 and he died on 13 August 2013.[18]

September edit

  • 30 September:A 35-year-old Chinese woman died of dengue on Monday, becoming the seventh death in 2013.
The patient, who lived at Yishun Ring Road, had gone to the Khoo Teck Puat Hospital's Emergency Department on 28 September 2013 with a history of fever, chest pain, lethargy, nausea and loss of appetite and had intermittent fever for three weeks. She was diagnosed with dengue fever and admitted but her condition deteriorated after admission and she was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit on the same day. Despite these measures, the patient died on 30 September 2013 at 5:05 am.[19]

November edit

  • 16 November: A 53-year-old woman became the seventh local dengue death case this year, and the overall eighth death.
In a joint statement, the Ministry of Health and the NEA said the dengue patient lived at Hougang Street 22. The woman, who was first seen at Tan Tock Hospital's Emergency Department on 11 November, had a history of fever. She was diagnosed with dengue and admitted. Her condition deteriorated and she died on 16 November.[20]
  • 18 November: The total number of cases soared past the 20,000 mark.[citation needed]

December edit

  • 13 December: The total number of cases reaches 21,324, exceeding 150% of the previous record.[21]
Dengue fever deaths in Singapore
Date Victim Nationality Location of dengue contracted
29 May 2013 Victim 1   Singaporean Hougang Avenue 1
9 June 2013 Victim 2   Singaporean Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3
25 June 2013 Victim 3   Singaporean Sembawang Road
25 June 2013 Victim 4   Indonesian Overseas (Indonesia)
8 July 2013 Victim 5   Singaporean Tanglin Halt Road
13 August 2013 Victim 6   Singaporean Corporation Walk
30 September 2013 Victim 7   Singaporean Yishun Ring Road
16 November 2013 Victim 8   Singaporean Hougang Street 22

Preventive measures edit

In March, multiple warning signs surfaced of the impending outbreak. The less common DENV-1 serotype of the dengue virus supplanted DENV-2 as the dominant strain of the virus in circulation, jumping from around 20–30% to over half of new infections. This switch threatened to drive a strong surge in infections during the upcoming mid-year dengue peak season. Epidemiological modelling provided corroboration, forecasting a peak of up to 800 cases per week in June. Based on this, warnings about the epidemic risk were issued through the government's Inter-Agency Dengue Task Force. NEA stepped up vector control measures, and a community awareness campaign was initiated.[2] The amount of government budget allocated to combat dengue would eventually be increased by more than 20% compared to recent years.[22]

In April, the NEA began using a new community alert system. Colour-coded banners would be put up in dengue-hit areas, using the three traffic light colours green, yellow and red to indicate the number of cases in the neighbourhood.[23]

As part of NEA's vector control measures, routine inspections were conducted to check for potential mosquito breeding sites in homes, public areas of housing estates, and construction sites. On 14 June 2013, the head of NEA announced that more officers would be recruited to conduct these checks. NEA also indicated that it would resort to hiring a locksmith to forcibly gain access in order to conduct inspections if homeowners fail to cooperate; this happened to ten homes after the residents did not respond to notices sent to them.[4] The People's Association (PA) announced that they would recruit 10,000 volunteer "dengue fighters" to assist NEA officers during house visits.[24]

Penalties were levied as a consequence of these inspections, even government organizations were not exempt. On 5 June 2013, Sembawang-Nee Soon Town Council was fined S$200 for allowing mosquitoes to breed in water tanks the council controlled. Officers from the NEA found mosquito larvae in water tanks at the rooftops of Blocks 896C and 899A in Woodlands.[25] The Singapore Land Authority incurred S$2000 in fines for ten breeding spots discovered in vacant buildings and plots of land under its management from January to June 2013.[26]

NEA also announced that insect repellent would be distributed to every household in the country in July and August, in order to "help residents protect themselves from mosquito bites and thus break the chain of transmission."[27]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Ng, Jun Sen (11 February 2020). "Dengue cases at four-year high". today. the dengue outbreak in 2013 [...] saw 22,170 infections and eight deaths in Singapore.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige Chanditha; Koo, Carmen; Rajarethinam, Jayanthi; Chong, Chee-Seng; Lin, Cui; Yap, Grace; Liu, Lilac; Lai, Yee-Ling; Ooi, Peng Lim; Cutter, Jeffery; Ng, Lee-Ching (17 June 2016). "Epidemic resurgence of dengue fever in Singapore in 2013-2014: A virological and entomological perspective". BMC Infectious Diseases. 16 (1): 300. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1606-z. ISSN 1471-2334. PMC 4912763. PMID 27316694.
  3. ^ a b c . National Environment Agency. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013.
  4. ^ a b Salma Khalik (14 June 2013). . AsiaOne. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  5. ^ "Dengue cases down for 4th week in a row". TODAY. 29 July 2013.
  6. ^ "Singapore's dengue cases reach a record 22,403, surpassing 2013 high". today. 5 August 2020.
  7. ^ "Number of dengue cases weekly hits 5-year high". today. 16 February 2013.
  8. ^ "Number of dengue cases hits new high". today. 16 April 2013.
  9. ^ Sara Grosse (30 May 2013). "Dengue claims first life in current epidemic". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  10. ^ Alvina Soh (7 June 2013). "Dengue cases cross 9,000 mark". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  11. ^ Dylan Loh (9 June 2013). "Second person dies from dengue in Singapore". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  12. ^ Woo Sian Boon (18 June 2013). "Dengue cases cross 10,000 mark". Today. Singapore. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  13. ^ "Latest Dengue Data". National Environment Agency. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  14. ^ "86-year-old man from Sembawang dies from dengue; third death this year". Channel NewsAsia. 25 June 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  15. ^ "Fourth dengue death in Singapore reported". Today. Singapore. 26 June 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
  16. ^ "66-year-old man dies from dengue in S'pore" Channel Newsasia. Retrieved 7 August 2013
  17. ^ Ng, Jing Yng (16 July 2013). "Number of dengue cases on a decline". today. The latest cumulative number of cases stand at 13,049.
  18. ^ "Singapore's 5th dengue death this year" Channel Newsasia. Retrieved 13 August 2013
  19. ^ "35-year-old woman dies of dengue" Channel Newsasia. Retrieved 30 September 2013
  20. ^ "7th person dies of dengue"[permanent dead link] Channel Newsasia. Retrieved 20 November 2013
  21. ^ . National Environment Agency. Archived from the original on 26 November 2013.
  22. ^ Ng, Lian Cheong; See, Sharon (17 July 2013). "Govt budget for dengue prevention rises to S$85m in 2013". today.
  23. ^ Woo, Sian Boon (16 April 2013). "NEA to roll out new dengue alert system". today.
  24. ^ Ian Poh (2 July 2013). . AsiaOne. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
  25. ^ Ng Lian Cheong and Alvina Soh (5 June 2013). "Sembawang-Nee Soon Town Council fined S$200 for mosquito breeding". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  26. ^ Neo, Chai Chin (1 August 2013). "SLA fined S$2,000 over mosquito-breeding spots". today.
  27. ^ "Singapore fights back against worsening dengue outbreak". Bangkok Post. 12 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.

External links edit

  • Interactive tracking Singapore's dengue epidemic

2013, dengue, outbreak, singapore, significant, rise, number, dengue, fever, cases, reported, singapore, outbreak, began, january, with, number, infections, beginning, surge, april, before, eventually, reaching, peak, dengue, cases, week, june, 2013, this, fig. In the 2013 dengue outbreak in Singapore a significant rise in the number of dengue fever cases was reported in Singapore The outbreak began in January with the number of infections beginning to surge in April before eventually reaching a peak of 842 dengue cases in the week of 16 22 June 2013 2 This figure was far beyond the highest number of cases per week in the previous three years 3 Although there were concerns that the rate of infection could exceed 1 000 per week 4 these fears did not materialize 2013 dengue outbreak in SingaporeDiseaseDengue feverVirus strainDengue virusLocationSingaporeDate2013Confirmed cases22 170 1 Deaths8 1 Fatality rate0 036 Government websiteNEA Dengue CasesAs official data showed more than 13 000 people were infected with dengue as of mid July in 2013 fast nearing the total of 14 209 infections in the 2005 dengue outbreak the worst year on record 5 The 2005 record was surpassed in the week of 4 10 August when the total number of cases of reached 14 217 3 The year ended with a total of 22 170 people infected with the disease 2 a record that would stand until 2020 6 Contents 1 Status of outbreak 2 Timeline 2 1 February 2 2 April 2 3 May 2 4 June 2 5 July 2 6 August 2 7 September 2 8 November 2 9 December 3 Preventive measures 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksStatus of outbreak edit nbsp Comparison chart showing the increase of Dengue cases in Singapore each week from May to June 2013Status as of 31 December 2013 Number of cases 22 170 2 Number of deaths 8 1 Timeline editFebruary edit 16 February 322 people contract dengue in the past week the highest in five and a half years A total of 1 442 cases are recorded in the first six weeks of the year 7 April edit 14 April After several weeks where the number of weekly cases hovered around 300 a rapid surge in the first two week of April takes the figure up to 492 weekly cases 2 The National Environment Agency NEA attributed the spike to an increase in the DENV 1 serotype of the dengue virus Because that strain was less common the local community was more susceptible to it 8 May edit 29 May Dengue claimed its first death in Singapore in 2013 The victim was diagnosed as having viral fever on 23 May at Tan Tock Seng Hospital s Emergency Department He was then discharged with the advice to return if his condition worsened He subsequently returned to Tan Tock Seng Hospital on 26 May and was diagnosed with dengue fever He then died from dengue shock syndrome on 29 May 9 June edit 7 June The total number of cases exceeds 9 000 10 9 June A second person died from dengue in Singapore He was tested positive for dengue on 8 June but his condition deteriorated 11 18 June The total number of cases exceeds 10 000 12 22 June 842 new dengue cases are recorded in the week of 16 22 June 2013 marking the peak number of weekly infections for the year 2 The total number of dengue cases would pass the 11 000 mark soon after 13 25 June Two deaths due to dengue were reported The third victim was admitted to Khoo Teck Puat Hospital emergency department ED on 22 June 2013 with fever and low blood pressure He was then sent to the Intensive Care Unit ICU diagnosed with a dengue shock syndrome kidney failure and liver inflammation His condition deteriorated and died on 25 June 2013 14 An Indonesian male was also pronounced dead on 25 June 2013 and has become the fourth person to die from dengue in Singapore The victim contracted dengue fever overseas between 10 and 21 June 2013 and was subsequently sent to Tan Tock Seng Hospital s Emergency Department on 23 June 2013 after a prolonged 3 day fever His condition started to deteriorate on 24 June 2013 in the Intensive Care unit ICU 15 July edit 8 July A fifth person dies from dengue The patient was a 66 year old Chinese male who had multi organ failure from severe dengue shock syndrome He had initially gone to the Emergency Department on 2 July with fever and lethargy and subsequent tests confirmed dengue fever He was admitted and transferred to the ICU after deterioration but continued to deteriorate and died on the morning of 8 July 16 16 July The total number of dengue cases crosses the 13 000 mark 17 August edit 10 August The total number of cases of reached 14 217 in the week of 4 10 August 3 surpassing the previous record of 14 209 from the 2005 outbreak 13 August A 52 year old Chinese male becomes the sixth death due to dengue He was first seen at Jurong Polyclinic on 29 June 2013 with a two day history of fever He returned to the polyclinic a few days later as he was still having fever and was referred by the polyclinic to the National University Hospital NUH emergency department He was admitted to NUH s Medical Intensive Care Unit on the same day and was diagnosed with Dengue Shock Syndrome The patient s condition improved transiently after dialysis and supportive therapy but he remained critically ill with low blood counts The patient s condition deteriorated after he developed pneumonia with septic shock on 11 August 2013 and he died on 13 August 2013 18 September edit 30 September A 35 year old Chinese woman died of dengue on Monday becoming the seventh death in 2013 The patient who lived at Yishun Ring Road had gone to the Khoo Teck Puat Hospital s Emergency Department on 28 September 2013 with a history of fever chest pain lethargy nausea and loss of appetite and had intermittent fever for three weeks She was diagnosed with dengue fever and admitted but her condition deteriorated after admission and she was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit on the same day Despite these measures the patient died on 30 September 2013 at 5 05 am 19 November edit 16 November A 53 year old woman became the seventh local dengue death case this year and the overall eighth death In a joint statement the Ministry of Health and the NEA said the dengue patient lived at Hougang Street 22 The woman who was first seen at Tan Tock Hospital s Emergency Department on 11 November had a history of fever She was diagnosed with dengue and admitted Her condition deteriorated and she died on 16 November 20 18 November The total number of cases soared past the 20 000 mark citation needed December edit 13 December The total number of cases reaches 21 324 exceeding 150 of the previous record 21 Dengue fever deaths in Singapore Date Victim Nationality Location of dengue contracted29 May 2013 Victim 1 nbsp Singaporean Hougang Avenue 19 June 2013 Victim 2 nbsp Singaporean Ang Mo Kio Avenue 325 June 2013 Victim 3 nbsp Singaporean Sembawang Road25 June 2013 Victim 4 nbsp Indonesian Overseas Indonesia 8 July 2013 Victim 5 nbsp Singaporean Tanglin Halt Road13 August 2013 Victim 6 nbsp Singaporean Corporation Walk30 September 2013 Victim 7 nbsp Singaporean Yishun Ring Road16 November 2013 Victim 8 nbsp Singaporean Hougang Street 22Preventive measures editIn March multiple warning signs surfaced of the impending outbreak The less common DENV 1 serotype of the dengue virus supplanted DENV 2 as the dominant strain of the virus in circulation jumping from around 20 30 to over half of new infections This switch threatened to drive a strong surge in infections during the upcoming mid year dengue peak season Epidemiological modelling provided corroboration forecasting a peak of up to 800 cases per week in June Based on this warnings about the epidemic risk were issued through the government s Inter Agency Dengue Task Force NEA stepped up vector control measures and a community awareness campaign was initiated 2 The amount of government budget allocated to combat dengue would eventually be increased by more than 20 compared to recent years 22 In April the NEA began using a new community alert system Colour coded banners would be put up in dengue hit areas using the three traffic light colours green yellow and red to indicate the number of cases in the neighbourhood 23 As part of NEA s vector control measures routine inspections were conducted to check for potential mosquito breeding sites in homes public areas of housing estates and construction sites On 14 June 2013 the head of NEA announced that more officers would be recruited to conduct these checks NEA also indicated that it would resort to hiring a locksmith to forcibly gain access in order to conduct inspections if homeowners fail to cooperate this happened to ten homes after the residents did not respond to notices sent to them 4 The People s Association PA announced that they would recruit 10 000 volunteer dengue fighters to assist NEA officers during house visits 24 Penalties were levied as a consequence of these inspections even government organizations were not exempt On 5 June 2013 Sembawang Nee Soon Town Council was fined S 200 for allowing mosquitoes to breed in water tanks the council controlled Officers from the NEA found mosquito larvae in water tanks at the rooftops of Blocks 896C and 899A in Woodlands 25 The Singapore Land Authority incurred S 2000 in fines for ten breeding spots discovered in vacant buildings and plots of land under its management from January to June 2013 26 NEA also announced that insect repellent would be distributed to every household in the country in July and August in order to help residents protect themselves from mosquito bites and thus break the chain of transmission 27 See also editDengue fever outbreaks worldwide References edit a b c Ng Jun Sen 11 February 2020 Dengue cases at four year high today the dengue outbreak in 2013 saw 22 170 infections and eight deaths in Singapore a b c d e f Hapuarachchi Hapuarachchige Chanditha Koo Carmen Rajarethinam Jayanthi Chong Chee Seng Lin Cui Yap Grace Liu Lilac Lai Yee Ling Ooi Peng Lim Cutter Jeffery Ng Lee Ching 17 June 2016 Epidemic resurgence of dengue fever in Singapore in 2013 2014 A virological and entomological perspective BMC Infectious Diseases 16 1 300 doi 10 1186 s12879 016 1606 z ISSN 1471 2334 PMC 4912763 PMID 27316694 a b c Latest Dengue Data National Environment Agency Archived from the original on 6 August 2013 a b Salma Khalik 14 June 2013 Dengue cases expected to surpass 1 000 a week AsiaOne Archived from the original on 16 June 2013 Retrieved 14 June 2013 Dengue cases down for 4th week in a row TODAY 29 July 2013 Singapore s dengue cases reach a record 22 403 surpassing 2013 high today 5 August 2020 Number of dengue cases weekly hits 5 year high today 16 February 2013 Number of dengue cases hits new high today 16 April 2013 Sara Grosse 30 May 2013 Dengue claims first life in current epidemic Channel NewsAsia Retrieved 9 June 2013 Alvina Soh 7 June 2013 Dengue cases cross 9 000 mark Channel NewsAsia Retrieved 9 June 2013 Dylan Loh 9 June 2013 Second person dies from dengue in Singapore Channel NewsAsia Retrieved 9 June 2013 Woo Sian Boon 18 June 2013 Dengue cases cross 10 000 mark Today Singapore Retrieved 19 June 2013 Latest Dengue Data National Environment Agency Archived from the original on 5 July 2013 Retrieved 9 June 2013 86 year old man from Sembawang dies from dengue third death this year Channel NewsAsia 25 June 2013 Retrieved 25 June 2013 Fourth dengue death in Singapore reported Today Singapore 26 June 2013 Retrieved 5 July 2013 66 year old man dies from dengue in S pore Channel Newsasia Retrieved 7 August 2013 Ng Jing Yng 16 July 2013 Number of dengue cases on a decline today The latest cumulative number of cases stand at 13 049 Singapore s 5th dengue death this year Channel Newsasia Retrieved 13 August 2013 35 year old woman dies of dengue Channel Newsasia Retrieved 30 September 2013 7th person dies of dengue permanent dead link Channel Newsasia Retrieved 20 November 2013 Latest Dengue Data National Environment Agency Archived from the original on 26 November 2013 Ng Lian Cheong See Sharon 17 July 2013 Govt budget for dengue prevention rises to S 85m in 2013 today Woo Sian Boon 16 April 2013 NEA to roll out new dengue alert system today Ian Poh 2 July 2013 PA to recruit 10 000 volunteer dengue fighters AsiaOne Archived from the original on 25 July 2013 Retrieved 5 July 2013 Ng Lian Cheong and Alvina Soh 5 June 2013 Sembawang Nee Soon Town Council fined S 200 for mosquito breeding Channel NewsAsia Retrieved 9 June 2013 Neo Chai Chin 1 August 2013 SLA fined S 2 000 over mosquito breeding spots today Singapore fights back against worsening dengue outbreak Bangkok Post 12 June 2013 Archived from the original on 15 June 2013 Retrieved 12 June 2013 External links editOfficial website for Dengue cases in Singapore Interactive tracking Singapore s dengue epidemic Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2013 dengue outbreak in Singapore amp oldid 1187270961, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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