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1st Guards Brigade (United Kingdom)

January 29, 2023

For a similarly designated, but distinct, formation, see 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom).

The 1st Guards Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army, formed in the First World War. It was formed in August 1915 by the redesignation of the 4th (Guards) Brigade on its transfer from the 2nd Division to the Guards Division. It served with the Guards Division on the Western Front for the rest of the war.

History

4th (Guards) Brigade

The 4th Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army with a history that stretched back to the Napoleonic Wars.[1][2] At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the 4th Brigade was a regular army formation stationed in London District and assigned to the 2nd Division.[3] It was designated as 4th (Guards) Brigade as it commanded four battalions of Foot Guards.[4]

The brigade was among the first British formations to be sent overseas as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), crossing to France between 11 and 16 August 1914. It served on the Western Front in 1914 and 1915 taking part in the Battle of Mons (23 and 24 August 1914), the First Battle of the Marne (6 – 9 September), the First Battle of the Aisne (13 – 20 September), the First Battle of Ypres (19 October – 30 November), and the Battle of Festubert (15 – 20 May 1915).[5]

Formation

On 19 August 1915, the brigade was transferred complete to the newly formed Guards Division and redesignated as 1st Guards Brigade the next day.[6] It remained with the division for the rest of the war, serving exclusively on the Western Front.[7]

War service

In September 1915, the brigade took part in the Battle of Loos (26 September – 8 October) and Hohenzollern Redoubt (18 – 19 October). In 1916, it fought in the later stages of the Battle of the Somme, in particular the Battle of Flers–Courcelette (15 – 16 and 20 – 22 September), the Battle of Morval (25 – 28 September), and the Capture of Lesboeufs (25 September). In 1917, it saw action in the Battle of Passchendaele including the Battle of Pilckem Ridge (31 July – 2 August), the Battle of Poelcappelle (9 October), and the First Battle of Passchendaele (12 October). It then took part in the Battle of Cambrai (24 November – 3 December).[7]

 
Stretcher bearers passing by motor lorries of the 2nd Battalion, Grenadier Guards, near Arras, France, 22 March 1918.

In February 1918, British[a] divisions on the Western Front were reduced from a 12-battalion to a 9-battalion basis (brigades from four to three battalions).[6] As a result, the 4th Guards Brigade was formed on 8 February 1918 by taking a battalion from each of the brigades of the Guards Division and the 1st Guards Brigade lost the 3rd Battalion, Coldstream Guards.[8][b]

1918 saw the return of the war of movement. It had to withstand the German Army's Spring Offensive in the First Battles of the Somme (1 – 25 March) then switched over to counter-attack in the Second Battles of the Somme (21 – 23 August), the Second Battle of Arras (26 August – 3 September), the Battles of the Hindenburg Line (12 September – 12 October), and in the Final Advance in Picardy including the battles of the Selle and of the Sambre. Its final action was the Capture of Maubeuge on 9 November.[9]

Post-war

After the signing of the Armistice of 11 November 1918, the brigade was at Assevent, north-east of Maubeuge,[10] and on 17 November it regained 3rd Battalion, Coldstream Guards from the disbanding 4th Guards Brigade. The next day it began the march on Germany and crossed the frontier on 11 December. By 19 December it had reached the Cologne area. Battalions started returning to England on 20 February 1919 and the last units had completed the move by 29 April.[9]

Order of battle

The following units served in the brigade:[6]

Commanders

The brigade had the following commanders:[12]

From Name Notes
29 June 1915 Brigadier General G.P.T. Feilding wounded, 8 December 1915[c]
8 December 1915 Lieutenant Colonel G.D. Jeffreys acting
13 December 1915 Brigadier-General G.P.T. Feilding invalided for treatment, 15 December 1915
15 December 1915 Lieutenant-Colonel G.D. Jeffreys acting
9 January 1916 Brigadier-General C.E. Pereira
31 December 1916 Brigadier-General G.D. Jeffreys
22 September 1917 Brigadier-General C.R. Champion de Crespigny

See also

Notes

  1. ^ As distinct from the Canadian and the New Zealand divisions which remained on a 12-battalion basis.
  2. ^ 4th Guards Brigade also gained the 2nd Battalion, Irish Guards from the 2nd Guards Brigade and the 4th Battalion, Grenadier Guards from the 3rd Guards Brigade.[8]
  3. ^ Brigadier General G.P.T. Fielding was in command of the 4th (Guards) Brigade before it was redesignated as 1st Guards Brigade.[13]

References

  1. ^ . Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  2. ^ "Wellington's Army in 1815". Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  3. ^ Conrad, Mark (1996). "The British Army, 1914". Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  4. ^ Becke 1935, p. 44
  5. ^ Becke 1935, p. 46
  6. ^ a b c Becke 1935, p. 28
  7. ^ a b Becke 1935, p. 30
  8. ^ a b c d e Becke 1935, p. 29
  9. ^ a b Becke 1935, p. 31
  10. ^ James 1978, p. 41
  11. ^ Becke 1935, p. 27
  12. ^ Becke 1935, p. 26
  13. ^ Becke 1935, p. 42

Bibliography

  • Becke, Major A.F. (1935). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 1. The Regular British Divisions. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 1-871167-09-4.
  • James, Brigadier E.A. (1978). British Regiments 1914–18. London: Samson Books Limited. ISBN 0-906304-03-2.

External links

  • Baker, Chris. "The Guards Division". The Long Long Trail. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  • . Archived from the original on 15 February 2013. Retrieved 2015-04-09.

January 29, 2023
guards, brigade, united, kingdom, similarly, designated, distinct, formation, armoured, infantry, brigade, united, kingdom, guards, brigade, infantry, brigade, british, army, formed, first, world, formed, august, 1915, redesignation, guards, brigade, transfer,. For a similarly designated but distinct formation see 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade United Kingdom The 1st Guards Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army formed in the First World War It was formed in August 1915 by the redesignation of the 4th Guards Brigade on its transfer from the 2nd Division to the Guards Division It served with the Guards Division on the Western Front for the rest of the war 1st Guards BrigadeGuards Division Insignia Active20 August 1915 1919Country United KingdomBranch British ArmyTypeInfantrySizeBrigadePart ofGuards DivisionEngagementsFirst World War Battle of Loos Battle of the Somme Battle of Passchendaele Battle of Cambrai 1917 First Battles of the Somme Second Battles of the Somme Second Battle of Arras Battles of the Hindenburg Line Final Advance in PicardyCommandersNotablecommandersGeorge Jeffreys Contents 1 History 1 1 4th Guards Brigade 1 2 Formation 1 3 War service 1 4 Post war 2 Order of battle 3 Commanders 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksHistory Edit4th Guards Brigade Edit The 4th Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army with a history that stretched back to the Napoleonic Wars 1 2 At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 the 4th Brigade was a regular army formation stationed in London District and assigned to the 2nd Division 3 It was designated as 4th Guards Brigade as it commanded four battalions of Foot Guards 4 The brigade was among the first British formations to be sent overseas as part of the British Expeditionary Force BEF crossing to France between 11 and 16 August 1914 It served on the Western Front in 1914 and 1915 taking part in the Battle of Mons 23 and 24 August 1914 the First Battle of the Marne 6 9 September the First Battle of the Aisne 13 20 September the First Battle of Ypres 19 October 30 November and the Battle of Festubert 15 20 May 1915 5 Formation Edit On 19 August 1915 the brigade was transferred complete to the newly formed Guards Division and redesignated as 1st Guards Brigade the next day 6 It remained with the division for the rest of the war serving exclusively on the Western Front 7 War service Edit In September 1915 the brigade took part in the Battle of Loos 26 September 8 October and Hohenzollern Redoubt 18 19 October In 1916 it fought in the later stages of the Battle of the Somme in particular the Battle of Flers Courcelette 15 16 and 20 22 September the Battle of Morval 25 28 September and the Capture of Lesboeufs 25 September In 1917 it saw action in the Battle of Passchendaele including the Battle of Pilckem Ridge 31 July 2 August the Battle of Poelcappelle 9 October and the First Battle of Passchendaele 12 October It then took part in the Battle of Cambrai 24 November 3 December 7 Stretcher bearers passing by motor lorries of the 2nd Battalion Grenadier Guards near Arras France 22 March 1918 In February 1918 British a divisions on the Western Front were reduced from a 12 battalion to a 9 battalion basis brigades from four to three battalions 6 As a result the 4th Guards Brigade was formed on 8 February 1918 by taking a battalion from each of the brigades of the Guards Division and the 1st Guards Brigade lost the 3rd Battalion Coldstream Guards 8 b 1918 saw the return of the war of movement It had to withstand the German Army s Spring Offensive in the First Battles of the Somme 1 25 March then switched over to counter attack in the Second Battles of the Somme 21 23 August the Second Battle of Arras 26 August 3 September the Battles of the Hindenburg Line 12 September 12 October and in the Final Advance in Picardy including the battles of the Selle and of the Sambre Its final action was the Capture of Maubeuge on 9 November 9 Post war Edit After the signing of the Armistice of 11 November 1918 the brigade was at Assevent north east of Maubeuge 10 and on 17 November it regained 3rd Battalion Coldstream Guards from the disbanding 4th Guards Brigade The next day it began the march on Germany and crossed the frontier on 11 December By 19 December it had reached the Cologne area Battalions started returning to England on 20 February 1919 and the last units had completed the move by 29 April 9 Order of battle EditThe following units served in the brigade 6 2nd Battalion Grenadier Guards 2nd Battalion Coldstream Guards 3rd Battalion Coldstream Guards joined the 4th Guards Brigade on 8 February 1918 8 returned on 17 November 1918 11 1st Battalion Irish Guards 1st Guards Brigade Machine Gun Company formed 1 19 September 1915 joined the 4th Battalion Machine Gun Guards on 1 March 1918 8 1st Guards Trench Mortar Battery formed 2 18 May 1916 8 Commanders EditThe brigade had the following commanders 12 From Name Notes29 June 1915 Brigadier General G P T Feilding wounded 8 December 1915 c 8 December 1915 Lieutenant Colonel G D Jeffreys acting13 December 1915 Brigadier General G P T Feilding invalided for treatment 15 December 191515 December 1915 Lieutenant Colonel G D Jeffreys acting9 January 1916 Brigadier General C E Pereira31 December 1916 Brigadier General G D Jeffreys22 September 1917 Brigadier General C R Champion de CrespignySee also Edit United Kingdom portal War portal World War I portalNotes Edit As distinct from the Canadian and the New Zealand divisions which remained on a 12 battalion basis 4th Guards Brigade also gained the 2nd Battalion Irish Guards from the 2nd Guards Brigade and the 4th Battalion Grenadier Guards from the 3rd Guards Brigade 8 Brigadier General G P T Fielding was in command of the 4th Guards Brigade before it was redesignated as 1st Guards Brigade 13 References Edit The Anglo Allied Army at napoleonic literature com Archived from the original on 17 July 2012 Retrieved 21 March 2013 Wellington s Army in 1815 Retrieved 10 April 2015 Conrad Mark 1996 The British Army 1914 Retrieved 10 April 2015 Becke 1935 p 44 Becke 1935 p 46 a b c Becke 1935 p 28 a b Becke 1935 p 30 a b c d e Becke 1935 p 29 a b Becke 1935 p 31 James 1978 p 41 Becke 1935 p 27 Becke 1935 p 26 Becke 1935 p 42Bibliography EditBecke Major A F 1935 Order of Battle of Divisions Part 1 The Regular British Divisions London His Majesty s Stationery Office ISBN 1 871167 09 4 James Brigadier E A 1978 British Regiments 1914 18 London Samson Books Limited ISBN 0 906304 03 2 External links EditBaker Chris The Guards Division The Long Long Trail Retrieved 8 April 2015 Guards Division on The Regimental Warpath 1914 1918 by PB Chappell Archived from the original on 15 February 2013 Retrieved 2015 04 09 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1st Guards Brigade United Kingdom amp oldid 1078284886, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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