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1983 Green Bay Packers season

The 1983 Green Bay Packers season was their 65th season overall and their 63rd in the National Football League. The team finished with an 8–8 record under ninth-year head coach Bart Starr to finish second in the NFC Central division. The team set an NFL record for most overtime games played in one season with five,[1] winning two and losing three. On Monday Night Football in October, Green Bay defeated the Washington Redskins, 48–47, in what was at the time the highest-scoring game in MNF history. It was voted one of the ten best Packer games and is featured on the NFL Films collection, "The Green Bay Packers Greatest Games."

1983 Green Bay Packers season
Head coachBart Starr
Home fieldLambeau Field
Milwaukee County Stadium
Results
Record8–8
Division place2nd NFC Central
Playoff finishDid not qualify

Green Bay hovered around the .500 mark all season. Entering their final regular season game on December 18 at Chicago, the Packers (8–7) could secure a playoff berth with a victory. Green Bay scored a touchdown to take a one-point lead with just over three minutes in the game, and Chicago running back Walter Payton was sidelined with a wrist injury. The Bears returned the kickoff to their 38 and drove fifty yards, down to the Packer twelve, with 1:17 remaining. Although Green Bay had all three of its timeouts, they opted not to use any, and the Bears kicked a winning 22-yard field goal with ten seconds on the clock. Green Bay fumbled away the ensuing kickoff, and the Los Angeles Rams (9–7) gained the final playoff slot.[2][3]

Starr was fired the following day by team president Robert Parins, ending a 26-year association with the team as a player and coach.[4][5] Former player Forrest Gregg, the head coach of the Cincinnati Bengals, was hired before the end of the week, announced on Christmas Eve.[6][7] Gregg had led the Bengals to Super Bowl XVI two years earlier, but had less success in his four seasons in Green Bay, then left for his alma mater SMU in Dallas in January 1988.[8]

Offseason edit

NFL draft edit

1983 Green Bay Packers draft
Round Selection Player Position College Notes
1 11 Tim Lewis CB Pittsburgh
2 48 Dave Drechsler G North Carolina
4 104 Mike Miller WR Tennessee
5 132 Brian Thomas RB Pittsburgh
6 160 Ron Sams G Pittsburgh
7 188 Jessie Clark RB Arkansas
8 216 Carlton Briscoe DB McNeese State
9 243 Robin Ham C West Texas State
10 253 Byron Williams WR Texas Arlington
271 Jimmy Thomas DB Indiana
11 299 Bucky Scribner P Kansas
12 327 John Harvey LB USC

Undrafted free agents edit

1983 Undrafted free agents of note
Player Position College
Chet Winters Running back Oklahoma

Personnel edit

Staff edit

1983 Green Bay Packers staff
Front office

Head coaches

Offensive coaches

Defensive coaches

Special teams coaches


[9]

Roster edit

1983 Green Bay Packers final roster
Quarterbacks

Running backs

Wide receivers

Tight ends

Offensive linemen

Defensive linemen

Linebackers

Defensive backs

Special teams

Reserve lists


Rookies in italics
00 active, 0 practice squad

Preseason edit

Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap
1 August 6 Cleveland Browns L 20–21 1–0 Lambeau Field Recap
2 August 12 at Seattle Seahawks L 21–28 1–1 Kingdome Recap
3 August 20 at Philadelphia Eagles L 14–27 1–2 Veterans Stadium Recap
4 August 27 St. Louis Cardinals W 39–27 2–2 Lambeau Field Recap

Regular season edit

Schedule edit

Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Attendance Recap
1 September 4 at Houston Oilers W 41–38 (OT) 1–0 Astrodome 44,073 Recap
2 September 11 Pittsburgh Steelers L 21–25 1–1 Lambeau Field 55,154 Recap
3 September 18 Los Angeles Rams W 27–24 2–1 Milwaukee County Stadium 54,037 Recap
4 September 26 at New York Giants L 3–27 2–2 Giants Stadium 75,308 Recap
5 October 2 Tampa Bay Buccaneers W 55–14 3–2 Lambeau Field 54,272 Recap
6 October 9 at Detroit Lions L 14–38 3–3 Pontiac Silverdome 67,738 Recap
7 October 17 Washington Redskins W 48–47 4–3 Lambeau Field 55,255 Recap
8 October 23 Minnesota Vikings L 17–20 (OT) 4–4 Lambeau Field 55,236 Recap
9 October 30 at Cincinnati Bengals L 14–34 4–5 Riverfront Stadium 53,349 Recap
10 November 6 Cleveland Browns W 35–21 5–5 Milwaukee County Stadium 54,089 Recap
11 November 13 at Minnesota Vikings W 29–21 6–5 Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome 60,113 Recap
12 November 20 Detroit Lions L 20–23 (OT) 6–6 Milwaukee County Stadium 50,050 Recap
13 November 27 at Atlanta Falcons L 41–47 (OT) 6–7 Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium 35,688 Recap
14 December 4 Chicago Bears W 31–28 7–7 Lambeau Field 51,147 Recap
15 December 12 at Tampa Bay Buccaneers W 12–9 (OT) 8–7 Tampa Stadium 50,763 Recap
16 December 18 at Chicago Bears L 21–23 8–8 Soldier Field 35,807 Recap

Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text.

Game summaries edit

Week 1 at Oilers edit

Week One: Green Bay Packers (0–0) at Houston Oilers (0–0)
Period 1 2 34OTTotal
Packers 7 21 37341
Oilers 10 0 721038

at Houston Astrodome, Houston, Texas

Game information

Lynn Dickey completed 27 of 31 passes, including 18 straight at one point during the game, for 333 yards and four touchdowns and Jan Stenerud's 42-yard field goal with 9:05 left in overtime give the Packers a successful opening day victory.

Week 16 at Bears edit

Week 16: Green Bay Packers (8–7) at Chicago Bears (7–8)
Period 1 2 34Total
Packers 7 7 0721
Bears 7 0 7923

at Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois

  • Date: December 18
  • Game time: 1:00 p.m.
  • Game weather: 1 °F (−17 °C)
  • Game attendance: 35,807
  • Referee: Red Cashion
  • Pro-Football-Reference.com, The Football Database
Game information

Standings edit

NFC Central
W L T PCT DIV CONF PF PA STK
Detroit Lions(3) 9 7 0 .563 7–1 8–4 347 286 W1
Green Bay Packers 8 8 0 .500 4–4 6–6 429 439 L1
Chicago Bears 8 8 0 .500 4–4 7–7 311 301 W2
Minnesota Vikings 8 8 0 .500 4–4 4–8 316 348 W1
Tampa Bay Buccaneers 2 14 0 .125 1–7 1–11 241 380 L3

Statistics edit

Passing edit

Player Attempts Completion Percentage Yards Avg Long TD Int Rating
Lynn Dickey 484 289 59.7% 4458 9.21 75 32 29 87.3

Receiving edit

Player Receptions Yards Average TD Long
James Lofton 58 1300 22.4 8 74
John Jefferson 57 830 14.6 7 36
Paul Coffman 54 814 15.1 11 74
Gerry Ellis 52 603 11.6 2 56

Rushing edit

Player Attempts Yards avg TD Long
Gerry Ellis 141 696 4.9 4 71
Eddie Lee Ivery 86 340 4.0 2 21
Jessie Clark 71 328 4.6 0 42
Harlan Huckleby 50 182 3.6 4 20

Defensive edit

Player Sacks INT'S Yards Average TD Long
John Anderson 4.5 5 54 10.8 1 27t
Greg Boyd 2.0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Byron Braggs 5.5 0 0 0.0 0 0
George Cumby 2.0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Mike Douglass 5.5 0 0 0.0 0 0
Johnnie Gray 0.0 2 5 2.5 0 5
Charles Johnson 3.5 0 0 0.0 0 0
Ezra Johnson 14.5 0 0 0.0 0 0
Mike Jolly 0.0 1 0 0.0 0 0
Jim Laughlin 0.0 1 22 22.0 0 22
Mark Lee 0.0 4 23 5.8 0 15
Cliff Lewis 2.0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Tim Lewis 0.0 5 111 22.2 0 46
Randy Scott 0.0 1 12 12.0 0 12

Records edit

  • Lynn Dickey, club record, most passing yards in one season, 4,458. First NFC Quarterback to ever throw for over 4,000 yards.
  • NFL record, most overtime games played in one season, (5)
  • NFC Central record, most interceptions in a season by a passer other than the quarterback (3, Cliff Lewis).

References edit

  1. ^ NFL 2001 Record and Fact Book, Workman Publishing Co, New York,NY, ISBN 0-7611-2480-2, p. 388
  2. ^ Feuerherd, Vic (December 19, 1983). "Bears end playoff bid by Packers". Milwaukee Sentinel. p. 1, part 2.
  3. ^ Lea, Bud (December 19, 1983). "Defeat clouds Starr's future". Milwaukee Sentinel. p. 1, part 2.
  4. ^ Feuerherd, Vic (December 20, 1983). "Sad Starr said Pack set to win". Milwaukee Sentinel. p. 1, part 1.
  5. ^ Lea, Bud (December 20, 1983). "Parins shows he runs Pack". Milwaukee Sentinel. p. 1, part 2.
  6. ^ "Gregg replaces Starr at Green Bay". Lakeland Ledger. (Florida). Associated Press. December 25, 1983. p. 8C.
  7. ^ Salituro, Chuck (December 25, 1983). "Gregg shortened Parins' search". Milwaukee Journal. p. 1, sports.
  8. ^ Perkins, Eddie (January 15, 1988). "The rebuilding starts for SMU, Packers". Milwaukee Journal. p. 1C.
  9. ^ . Packers.com. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2013.

External links edit

  • The Football Database

1983, green, packers, season, their, 65th, season, overall, their, 63rd, national, football, league, team, finished, with, record, under, ninth, year, head, coach, bart, starr, finish, second, central, division, team, record, most, overtime, games, played, sea. The 1983 Green Bay Packers season was their 65th season overall and their 63rd in the National Football League The team finished with an 8 8 record under ninth year head coach Bart Starr to finish second in the NFC Central division The team set an NFL record for most overtime games played in one season with five 1 winning two and losing three On Monday Night Football in October Green Bay defeated the Washington Redskins 48 47 in what was at the time the highest scoring game in MNF history It was voted one of the ten best Packer games and is featured on the NFL Films collection The Green Bay Packers Greatest Games 1983 Green Bay Packers seasonHead coachBart StarrHome fieldLambeau FieldMilwaukee County StadiumResultsRecord8 8Division place2nd NFC CentralPlayoff finishDid not qualify 1982 Packers seasons 1984 Green Bay hovered around the 500 mark all season Entering their final regular season game on December 18 at Chicago the Packers 8 7 could secure a playoff berth with a victory Green Bay scored a touchdown to take a one point lead with just over three minutes in the game and Chicago running back Walter Payton was sidelined with a wrist injury The Bears returned the kickoff to their 38 and drove fifty yards down to the Packer twelve with 1 17 remaining Although Green Bay had all three of its timeouts they opted not to use any and the Bears kicked a winning 22 yard field goal with ten seconds on the clock Green Bay fumbled away the ensuing kickoff and the Los Angeles Rams 9 7 gained the final playoff slot 2 3 Starr was fired the following day by team president Robert Parins ending a 26 year association with the team as a player and coach 4 5 Former player Forrest Gregg the head coach of the Cincinnati Bengals was hired before the end of the week announced on Christmas Eve 6 7 Gregg had led the Bengals to Super Bowl XVI two years earlier but had less success in his four seasons in Green Bay then left for his alma mater SMU in Dallas in January 1988 8 Contents 1 Offseason 1 1 NFL draft 1 2 Undrafted free agents 2 Personnel 2 1 Staff 2 2 Roster 3 Preseason 4 Regular season 4 1 Schedule 4 2 Game summaries 4 2 1 Week 1 at Oilers 4 2 2 Week 16 at Bears 4 3 Standings 5 Statistics 5 1 Passing 5 2 Receiving 5 3 Rushing 5 4 Defensive 6 Records 7 References 8 External linksOffseason editNFL draft edit Main article 1983 NFL draft 1983 Green Bay Packers draft Round Selection Player Position College Notes1 11 Tim Lewis CB Pittsburgh2 48 Dave Drechsler G North Carolina4 104 Mike Miller WR Tennessee5 132 Brian Thomas RB Pittsburgh6 160 Ron Sams G Pittsburgh7 188 Jessie Clark RB Arkansas8 216 Carlton Briscoe DB McNeese State9 243 Robin Ham C West Texas State10 253 Byron Williams WR Texas Arlington271 Jimmy Thomas DB Indiana11 299 Bucky Scribner P Kansas12 327 John Harvey LB USCUndrafted free agents edit 1983 Undrafted free agents of note Player Position CollegeChet Winters Running back OklahomaPersonnel editStaff edit 1983 Green Bay Packers staff Front office President Robert J Parins Corporate assistant to the president Bob Harlan Director of player personnel Dick CorrickHead coaches Head coach Bart StarrOffensive coaches Offensive coordinator Bob Schnelker Offensive backs John Brunner Receivers Lew Carpenter Offensive line Ernie McMillan Assistant offensive line Bill Meyers Defensive coaches Defensive coordinator John Meyer Defensive line Doc Urich Linebackers Monte Kiffin Defensive backs Ross FichtnerSpecial teams coaches Special teams Dick Rehbein 9 Roster edit 1983 Green Bay Packers final roster Quarterbacks 19 Rich Campbell 12 Lynn Dickey 17 David WhitehurstRunning backs 33 Jessie Clark 31 Gerry Ellis 25 Harlan Huckleby 40 Eddie Lee Ivery 39 Mike Meade 20 Chet WintersWide receivers 88 Ron Cassidy 85 Phil Epps 83 John Jefferson 80 James LoftonTight ends 82 Paul Coffman 81 Gary Lewis Offensive linemen 61 Dave Drechsler G 77 Charlie Getty T 69 Leotis Harris 74 Tim Huffman G 64 Syd Kitson G 68 Greg Koch T 54 Larry McCarren C 70 Ron Sams C 67 Karl Swanke TDefensive linemen 72 Greg Boyd DE 73 Byron Braggs DE 93 Robert Brown DE 99 Charlie Johnson NT 90 Ezra Johnson DE 63 Terry Jones NT 78 Casey Merrill DE 91 Daryle Skaugstad DE 75 Richard Turner NT Linebackers 59 John Anderson OLB 52 George Cumby ILB 53 Mike Douglass OLB 62 Jim Laughlin ILB 57 Chet Parlavecchio ILB 51 Guy Prather ILB 58 Larry Rubens OLB 55 Randy Scott ILB 50 Rich Wingo ILBDefensive backs 24 Johnnie Gray SS 23 Maurice Harvey SS 38 Estus Hood CB 21 Mike Jolly 26 Tim Lewis CB 22 Mark Lee CB 37 Mark Murphy FS 29 Mike McCoy CBSpecial teams 11 Eddie Garcia K 13 Bucky Scribner P 10 Jan Stenerud K Reserve lists 60 Calvin Favron LB IR nbsp 35 Del Rodgers RB IR nbsp Rookies in italics 00 active 0 practice squadPreseason editWeek Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap1 August 6 Cleveland Browns L 20 21 1 0 Lambeau Field Recap2 August 12 at Seattle Seahawks L 21 28 1 1 Kingdome Recap3 August 20 at Philadelphia Eagles L 14 27 1 2 Veterans Stadium Recap4 August 27 St Louis Cardinals W 39 27 2 2 Lambeau Field RecapRegular season editSchedule edit Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Attendance Recap1 September 4 at Houston Oilers W 41 38 OT 1 0 Astrodome 44 073 Recap2 September 11 Pittsburgh Steelers L 21 25 1 1 Lambeau Field 55 154 Recap3 September 18 Los Angeles Rams W 27 24 2 1 Milwaukee County Stadium 54 037 Recap4 September 26 at New York Giants L 3 27 2 2 Giants Stadium 75 308 Recap5 October 2 Tampa Bay Buccaneers W 55 14 3 2 Lambeau Field 54 272 Recap6 October 9 at Detroit Lions L 14 38 3 3 Pontiac Silverdome 67 738 Recap7 October 17 Washington Redskins W 48 47 4 3 Lambeau Field 55 255 Recap8 October 23 Minnesota Vikings L 17 20 OT 4 4 Lambeau Field 55 236 Recap9 October 30 at Cincinnati Bengals L 14 34 4 5 Riverfront Stadium 53 349 Recap10 November 6 Cleveland Browns W 35 21 5 5 Milwaukee County Stadium 54 089 Recap11 November 13 at Minnesota Vikings W 29 21 6 5 Hubert H Humphrey Metrodome 60 113 Recap12 November 20 Detroit Lions L 20 23 OT 6 6 Milwaukee County Stadium 50 050 Recap13 November 27 at Atlanta Falcons L 41 47 OT 6 7 Atlanta Fulton County Stadium 35 688 Recap14 December 4 Chicago Bears W 31 28 7 7 Lambeau Field 51 147 Recap15 December 12 at Tampa Bay Buccaneers W 12 9 OT 8 7 Tampa Stadium 50 763 Recap16 December 18 at Chicago Bears L 21 23 8 8 Soldier Field 35 807 RecapNote Intra division opponents are in bold text Game summaries edit Week 1 at Oilers edit See also 1983 Houston Oilers season Week One Green Bay Packers 0 0 at Houston Oilers 0 0 Period 1 2 34OTTotalPackers 7 21 37341Oilers 10 0 721038at Houston Astrodome Houston Texas Date September 4Game time 1 00 p m ESTGame weather Indoors dome Game attendance 44 073Referee Bob McElweeTV announcers CBS Frank Glieber and Dick VermeilBox Score Box Score Game informationFirst quarter GB Paul Coffman 25 yard pass from Lynn Dickey Jan Stenerud kick 10 31 Packers 7 0 Drive HOU Florian Kempf 49 yard field goal 6 30 Packers 7 3 Drive HOU Tim Smith 47 yard pass from Archie Manning Florian Kempf kick 2 40 Oilers 10 7 Drive Second quarter GB John Jefferson 5 yard pass from Lynn Dickey Jan Stenerud kick 8 55 Packers 14 10 Drive GB John Jefferson 13 yard pass from Lynn Dickey Jan Stenerud kick 0 51 Packers 21 10 Drive GB Gerry Ellis 11 yard pass from Lynn Dickey Jan Stenerud kick 0 30 Packers 28 10 Drive Third quarter HOU Earl Campbell 7 yard run Florian Kempf kick 9 08 Packers 28 17 Drive GB Jan Stenerud 46 yard field goal 4 36 Packers 31 17 Drive Fourth quarter HOU Earl Campbell 8 yard run Florian Kempf kick 11 05 Packers 31 24 Drive HOU Earl Campbell 1 yard run Florian Kempf kick 4 23 Tie 31 31 Drive GB James Lofton 74 yard pass from Lynn Dickey Jan Stenerud kick 4 13 Packers 38 31 Drive HOU Larry Moriarty 2 yard run Florian Kempf kick 0 48 Tie 38 38 Drive Overtime GB Jan Stenerud 42 yard field goal 9 05 Packers 41 38 Drive Top passersGB Lynn Dickey 27 31 333 yards 5 TD int HOU Archie Manning 22 34 348 yards TD 2 intTop rushersGB Eddie Lee Ivery 12 rushes 71 yards HOU Earl Campbell 27 rushes 123 yards 3 TDTop receiversGB James Lofton 8 receptions 154 yards TD HOU Tim Smith 8 receptions 197 yards TD Lynn Dickey completed 27 of 31 passes including 18 straight at one point during the game for 333 yards and four touchdowns and Jan Stenerud s 42 yard field goal with 9 05 left in overtime give the Packers a successful opening day victory Week 16 at Bears edit Week 16 Green Bay Packers 8 7 at Chicago Bears 7 8 Period 1 2 34TotalPackers 7 7 0721Bears 7 0 7923at Soldier Field Chicago Illinois Date December 18Game time 1 00 p m Game weather 1 F 17 C Game attendance 35 807Referee Red CashionPro Football Reference com The Football Database Game informationFirst quarterCHI Willie Gault 35 yard pass from Jim McMahon Bob Thomas kick 9 24 Bears 7 0 GB Lynn Dickey 1 yard run Jan Stenerud kick 8 10 Tie 7 7 Second quarterGB James Lofton 31 yard pass from Lynn Dickey Jan Stenerud kick 3 05 Packers 14 7 Third quarterCHI Dennis McKinnon 22 yard pass from Jim McMahon Bob Thomas kick 6 35 Tie 14 14 Fourth quarterCHI Jim McMahon 6 yard run kick failed 4 34 Bears 20 14 GB Paul Coffman 5 yard pass from Lynn Dickey Jan Stenerud kick 3 08 Packers 21 20 CHI Bob Thomas 22 yard field goal 0 10 Bears 23 21 Top passersGB Lynn Dickey 10 30 262 yards 2 TD 4 int CHI Jim McMahon 14 25 162 yards 2 TD 2 intTop rushersGB Jessie Clark 7 rushes 61 yards CHI Walter Payton 30 rushes 148 yardsTop receiversGB Paul Coffman 4 receptions 122 yards TD CHI Willie Gault 2 receptions 50 yards TD Standings edit NFC Centralviewtalkedit W L T PCT DIV CONF PF PA STKDetroit Lions 3 9 7 0 563 7 1 8 4 347 286 W1Green Bay Packers 8 8 0 500 4 4 6 6 429 439 L1Chicago Bears 8 8 0 500 4 4 7 7 311 301 W2Minnesota Vikings 8 8 0 500 4 4 4 8 316 348 W1Tampa Bay Buccaneers 2 14 0 125 1 7 1 11 241 380 L3Statistics editPassing edit Player Attempts Completion Percentage Yards Avg Long TD Int RatingLynn Dickey 484 289 59 7 4458 9 21 75 32 29 87 3Receiving edit Player Receptions Yards Average TD LongJames Lofton 58 1300 22 4 8 74John Jefferson 57 830 14 6 7 36Paul Coffman 54 814 15 1 11 74Gerry Ellis 52 603 11 6 2 56Rushing edit Player Attempts Yards avg TD LongGerry Ellis 141 696 4 9 4 71Eddie Lee Ivery 86 340 4 0 2 21Jessie Clark 71 328 4 6 0 42Harlan Huckleby 50 182 3 6 4 20Defensive edit Player Sacks INT S Yards Average TD LongJohn Anderson 4 5 5 54 10 8 1 27tGreg Boyd 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Byron Braggs 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0George Cumby 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Mike Douglass 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0Johnnie Gray 0 0 2 5 2 5 0 5Charles Johnson 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0Ezra Johnson 14 5 0 0 0 0 0 0Mike Jolly 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0Jim Laughlin 0 0 1 22 22 0 0 22Mark Lee 0 0 4 23 5 8 0 15Cliff Lewis 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Tim Lewis 0 0 5 111 22 2 0 46Randy Scott 0 0 1 12 12 0 0 12Records editLynn Dickey club record most passing yards in one season 4 458 First NFC Quarterback to ever throw for over 4 000 yards NFL record most overtime games played in one season 5 NFC Central record most interceptions in a season by a passer other than the quarterback 3 Cliff Lewis References edit NFL 2001 Record and Fact Book Workman Publishing Co New York NY ISBN 0 7611 2480 2 p 388 Feuerherd Vic December 19 1983 Bears end playoff bid by Packers Milwaukee Sentinel p 1 part 2 Lea Bud December 19 1983 Defeat clouds Starr s future Milwaukee Sentinel p 1 part 2 Feuerherd Vic December 20 1983 Sad Starr said Pack set to win Milwaukee Sentinel p 1 part 1 Lea Bud December 20 1983 Parins shows he runs Pack Milwaukee Sentinel p 1 part 2 Gregg replaces Starr at Green Bay Lakeland Ledger Florida Associated Press December 25 1983 p 8C Salituro Chuck December 25 1983 Gregg shortened Parins search Milwaukee Journal p 1 sports Perkins Eddie January 15 1988 The rebuilding starts for SMU Packers Milwaukee Journal p 1C All Time Coaches Database Packers com Archived from the original on December 27 2013 Retrieved December 26 2013 External links editThe Football Database Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1983 Green Bay Packers season amp oldid 1185774397, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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