1970 United States Senate election in Michigan
The 1970 United States Senate election in Michigan took place on November 3, 1970. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Philip Hart was re-elected to a third term in office over former First Lady of Michigan Lenore Romney.
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County results Hart: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Romney: 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
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Republican primary edit
Candidates edit
- Robert J. Huber, State Senator from Troy
- Lenore Romney, former First Lady of Michigan (1963–69)
Withdrew edit
- Donald W. Riegle, Jr., U.S. Representative from Flint
Declined edit
- William Milliken, incumbent Governor of Michigan since 1969
- George W. Romney, U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and former Governor of Michigan (1963–69)[1]
Campaign edit
George W. Romney was an early favorite for the Republican nomination. President Richard Nixon, who never had good relations with George Romney either personally or on policy grounds, and whom Romney had run against for President in 1968, promoted him for Senate to get Romney out of his cabinet.[2][3] However, George came up with the idea of his wife Lenore running, and sprung this proposal on Lenore and the children at the end of 1969.[4] Lenore's professed no desire to run unless no other candidate could be found.[5][1]
U.S. House Minority Leader Gerald Ford (from Grand Rapids) thought Lenore Romney could unite the state party's different factions,[5] but Governor William Milliken opposed her candidacy.[4] Some suspected that her Senate candidacy was just a stalking horse for keeping George's options open.[6][7]
At a February 21, 1970 meeting of the Michigan Republican Party, convened to declare a "consensus" candidate, liberal U.S. Representative Donald W. Riegle, Jr. (who would be Hart’s successor after switching to the Democratic Party) and conservative State Senator Robert J. Huber joined Milliken in opposition,[6] blocking Lenore Romney from reaching the three-fourths majority required for the consensus declaration.[4][5][6]
On February 23, Lenore Romney formally entered the contest for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat.[8] George successfully pressured Milliken to endorse her, though this may have backfired when The Detroit News exposed the pressure campaign.[4] At the next party meeting, on March 7, Lenore gained the consensus candidate position, and talk of George running ended.[9] Riegle also ended his campaign.
In the ensuing primary, Romney's campaign emphasized her sex as a campaign theme, arguing, "Never before has the voice and understanding of a concerned woman been more needed."[10] Billboards featuring her face, captioned only "Lenore" and omitting any reference to political party, were common throughout the state.[10] She was considered photogenic but was so thin that she was sometimes described as "frail" or "waiflike."[5][11][10]
Romney issued a half-hour campaign film that featured endorsements from many national and state party leaders as well as from celebrities Bob Hope and Art Linkletter, and showcased her family and her concern for disadvantaged people.[5][10] Huber, in contrast, emphasized his edge in political experience, derided her "motherly concern", and criticized the "bossism" of the Romney family.[10]
Romney called for the withdrawal of all American troops from Vietnam by the end of 1971 and characterized the Vietnam war as "disastrous."[12] She expressed concern over the Cambodian Incursion and proposed an end to congressional funding if Nixon did not abide by his pledge to withdraw from there by the end of the month.[12] On other issues, Romney sometimes took overly broad stances that appeared to come down on multiple sides.[13] The conservative wing of the party, which had never trusted her husband, had the same reaction to her.[14] The largely male press corps tended to deal with her in a paternalistic way, and she was often identified as "Mrs. George Romney" in stories and photo captions.[5][15]
Initially heavily favored over Huber, her campaign failed to gain momentum and polls showed a close race; in response, she shifted her ads to focus more on her stands on issues.[10] In the August 4, 1970, primary, Lenore Romney won a narrow victory, with 52 percent of the vote compared to Huber's 48 percent.[13][16]
Results edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Lenore Romney | 277,086 | 51.31% | |
| Republican | Robert J. Huber | 262,938 | 48.69% | |
| Total votes | 540,024 | 100.00% | ||
General election edit
Campaign edit
In the general election, with diminished prestige, a divided party, and with campaign resources drained by the primary fight, Romney was behind incumbent Democrat Hart from the beginning.[5][18][13] Romney issued position papers and emphasized crime and social permissiveness,[18] advocated a national healthcare plan, and expressed opposition to environmental damage caused by industry.[4] She never made any personal attacks against Hart.[18] As the only woman running for the U.S. Senate that year,[19] she was a tireless campaigner, traveling around the state in a chartered Cessna and making as many as twelve stops a day.[5]
Nevertheless, the perception grew that she did not have any vision for what she would do as a senator and was only in the race because she was George Romney's wife.[5] In response, she said at one point, "I'm not a stand-in or a substitute for anyone."[14][5] Her campaign material continued to just refer to "Lenore."[5] She also was negatively impacted, in both the primary and general election, by fallout from her husband's effort as HUD Secretary to enforce housing integration in Warren, Michigan.[2][10][20]
The Romney children campaigned for her, including Mitt, who took student leave to work as a driver and advance man at schools and county fairs during the summer.[5][21] Together, Lenore and Mitt visited all 83 Michigan counties.[4] George was in Washington most of the time and did not publicly campaign for her until the campaign's final day.[5][20]
Consistently far ahead in polls, Hart staged a low-key campaign with few public appearances; he mostly ignored her and sometimes acted condescendingly towards her in private.[4][5][20]
Results edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Philip Hart (incumbent) | 1,744,672 | 66.84% | 3.46 | |
| Republican | Lenore Romney | 858,438 | 32.89% | 2.46 | |
| Socialist Workers | Paul Ludien | 3,861 | 0.15% | 0.06 | |
| Socialist Labor | James Sim | 3,254 | 0.13% | 0.08 | |
| Total votes | 2,610,225 | 100.00% | |||
| Democratic hold | Swing | ||||
Hart handily won a third term with 67 percent of the vote to Romney's 33 percent.[5] Romney made an unusual election-night visit to congratulate Hart in person, and in saying "I hope all good things will be his," gave what the victor termed "the most graceful and really moving concession speech I've ever heard."[18]
In her election night remarks, Romney said, "I thought [running as a woman] would be an asset. It was disappointing to find that many people closed their minds just because I was a woman."[18] The following year, Romney published an article in Look magazine describing the openly dismissive reaction she had gotten from both men and women.[14][5] She wrote that, "In factories, I encountered men in small groups, laughing, shouting, 'Get in the kitchen. George needs you there. What do you know about politics?'"[14] To a friend she wrote, "[I had no idea] how open and bare and wide my own vulnerability would be ... the body wounds are deep."[14] She told one of her children that she wished she had not run, and concluded that "It's the most humiliating thing I know of to run for office."[4]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b Flint, Jerry M. (January 31, 1970). "A Romney May Enliven Michigan Election Year" (PDF). The New York Times. p. 25.
- ^ a b Kranish; Helman, The Real Romney, pp. 93–95.
- ^ Kotlowski, Nixon's Civil Rights, p. 53.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Gellman, Barton (June 4, 2012). "Dreams from His Mother". Time. Archived from the original on October 21, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Dennis, Brady (February 24, 2012). "For Mitt Romney, mother's failed run offers cautionary tale". The Washington Post.
- ^ a b c Janson, Donald (February 22, 1970). "Mrs. Romney Fails to Get Senate Nod" (PDF). The New York Times. p. 52.
- ^ "Romney Refuses To Indicate His Plans for 1970". Ludington Daily News. United Press International. January 26, 1970. p. 1.
- ^ Flint, Jerry M. (February 24, 1970). "Mrs. Romney Enters Contest for Senate" (PDF). The New York Times. p. 1.
- ^ Flint, Jerry M. (March 8, 1970). "Michigan G.O.P Leaders Back Mrs. Romney for Senate Contest" (PDF). The New York Times. p. 36.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Michigan To Vote On Two G.O.P. Rivals" (PDF). The New York Times. August 2, 1970.
- ^ Miller, Joy (February 26, 1968). "Candidates' Wives Hard at Work in New Hampshire". The Owosso Argus-Press. Associated Press. p. 9.
- ^ a b "Mrs. Romney Urges U.S. Pullout By '71" (PDF). The New York Times. June 2, 1970. p. 6.
- ^ a b c "Mrs. Romney Scores Narrow Victory" (PDF). The New York Times. August 6, 1970.
- ^ a b c d e Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (February 23, 2012). "Political Lessons, From a Mother's Losing Run". The New York Times. p. 1.
- ^ "'Mrs. George Romney' Google Search". Retrieved April 20, 2012.
- ^ "Lenore comes out a winner". The Windsor Star. United Press International. August 5, 1970. p. 1.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MI US Senate - R Primary Race - Aug 04, 1970".
- ^ a b c d e "Lenore 'Gracious in Defeat'". The Owosso Argus-Press. Associated Press. November 4, 1970. p. 7.
- ^ "Voter's Guide: U.S. Congress" (PDF). South Lyon Herald. October 28–29, 1970. p. 5.
- ^ a b c Flint, Jerry M. (November 4, 1970). "Senator Hart Defeats Mrs. Romney in Michigan" (PDF). The New York Times. p. 23.
- ^ LeBlanc, Steve (December 16, 2007). . Deseret Morning News. Salt Lake City. Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 26, 2008.
- ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1970" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives. p. 15.