The 1968 VFL season was the 72nd season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria. The season featured twelve clubs, ran from 15 April until 28 September, and comprised a 20-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top four clubs.
In 1968, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.
Teams played each other in a home-and-away season of 20 rounds; matches 12 to 20 were the "home-and-way reverse" of matches 1 to 9.
Once the 20 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1968 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page–McIntyre system.
Source: Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) percentage; 3) number of points for. (P) Premiers
Consolation Night Series Competition
The consolation night series were held under the floodlights at Lake Oval, South Melbourne, for the teams (5th to 12th on ladder) out of the finals at the end of the home and away rounds.
The reserves premiership was won by Essendon. Essendon 15.7 (97) defeated Richmond 13.14 (92) in the Grand Final, held as a curtain-raiser to the seniors Grand Final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 28 September.[1]
Notable events
The season's home-and-away draw was extended from 18 to 20 rounds. This now meant that each team met nine of the other eleven teams twice in a season.
In Round 3, the Anzac Day match between Carlton and Essendon at Princes Park was greatly affected by an unusually strong wind that blew across the ground from wing to wing, making kicking and marking entirely unpredictable as balls would almost turn at right angles in the air as they moved down the ground towards the outer (eastern) end and lost the protection of the stands (or, whilst in the stand-protected western end, the ball went above the protection of the stands). In an otherwise close, hard-fought match with not many scoring opportunities available, Carlton were least able to cope with the windy conditions, kicking 1.11 (17) to Essendon's 7.8 (50).
In Round 7, Essendon played Richmond at Windy Hill in a rain-sodden game that finished in such dark conditions that players could not see across the ground. In the last quarter, a goal was awarded to Geoff Gosper, although several Richmond players protested that the ball had hit the post. Essendon won the match by two points, 11.14 (80) to Richmond's 10.18 (78).
After the Round 8 match between Hawthorn and Richmond at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the teams and many of the fans left the ground believing the game had been tied 11.15 (81) apiece. After the goal-umpires checked their scorecards, it was confirmed that the scoreboard was reading incorrectly, and that Richmond had, in fact, won by a point: 11.15 (81) to 11.14 (80).
In Round 17 and Round 18 respectively, Ron Barassi and Brian Dixon played their 250th VFL games. At the time, only thirteen other players had reached the milestone.
After Round 18 of the Under-19s competition, Geelong was stripped of all premiership points that it had earned in matches in which it had fielded ineligible player John Taylor, who was residentially tied to Footscray. The lost points relegated Geelong from fourth to last place on the ladder.[2]
For the first and, as of 2022, only time in VFL history, the premiership team kicked fewer goals than the runners-up in the Grand Final.
References
^Rex Pullen (30 September 1968). "Reserves flag to Bombers". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne. p. 51.
^Marc Fiddian (24 August 1968). "Cats out of U. 19 finals". The Age. Melbourne. p. 24.
Hogan, P., The Tigers of Old, The Richmond Football Club, (Richmond), 1996. ISBN0-646-18748-1
Maplestone, M., Flying Higher: History of the Essendon Football Club 1872–1996, Essendon Football Club, (Melbourne), 1996. ISBN0-9591740-2-8
Rogers, S. & Brown, A., Every Game Ever Played: VFL/AFL Results 1897–1997 (Sixth Edition), Viking Books, (Ringwood), 1998. ISBN0-670-90809-6
Ross, J. (ed), 100 Years of Australian Football 1897–1996: The Complete Story of the AFL, All the Big Stories, All the Great Pictures, All the Champions, Every AFL Season Reported, Viking, (Ringwood), 1996. ISBN0-670-86814-0
External links
1968 Season – AFL Tables
March 30, 2023
1968, season, 72nd, season, victorian, football, league, highest, level, senior, australian, rules, football, competition, victoria, season, featured, twelve, clubs, from, april, until, september, comprised, game, home, away, season, followed, finals, series, . The 1968 VFL season was the 72nd season of the Victorian Football League VFL the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria The season featured twelve clubs ran from 15 April until 28 September and comprised a 20 game home and away season followed by a finals series featuring the top four clubs 1968 VFL premiership seasonTeams12PremiersCarlton9th premiershipMinor premiersEssendon10th minor premiershipConsolation seriesHawthorn1st Consolation series winBrownlow MedallistBob Skilton South Melbourne Coleman MedallistPeter Hudson Hawthorn Matches played124Highest116 828 19671969 The premiership was won by the Carlton Football Club for the ninth time after it defeated Essendon by three points in the 1968 VFL Grand Final Contents 1 Premiership season 1 1 Round 1 1 2 Round 2 1 3 Round 3 1 4 Round 4 1 5 Round 5 1 6 Round 6 1 7 Round 7 1 8 Round 8 1 9 Round 9 1 10 Round 10 1 11 Round 11 1 12 Round 12 1 13 Round 13 1 14 Round 14 1 15 Round 15 1 16 Round 16 1 17 Round 17 1 18 Round 18 1 19 Round 19 1 20 Round 20 2 Ladder 3 Consolation Night Series Competition 4 Premiership Finals 4 1 First Semi Final 4 2 Second Semi Final 4 3 Preliminary Final 4 4 Grand final 5 Awards 6 Notable events 7 References 8 External linksPremiership season EditIn 1968 the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on the field players each plus two substitute players known as the 19th man and the 20th man A player could be substituted for any reason however once substituted a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances Teams played each other in a home and away season of 20 rounds matches 12 to 20 were the home and way reverse of matches 1 to 9 Once the 20 round home and away season had finished the 1968 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page McIntyre system Round 1 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateFootscray 9 18 72 North Melbourne 13 10 88 Western Oval 18 269 15 April 1968Essendon 26 16 172 Hawthorn 15 9 99 Windy Hill 17 000 15 April 1968Collingwood 10 12 72 Richmond 11 22 88 Victoria Park 37 018 15 April 1968Carlton 13 22 100 Geelong 7 12 54 Princes Park 30 158 15 April 1968South Melbourne 18 17 125 St Kilda 13 22 100 Lake Oval 23 675 15 April 1968Melbourne 14 10 94 Fitzroy 12 18 90 MCG 24 991 15 April 1968Round 2 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateHawthorn 17 24 126 South Melbourne 19 12 126 Glenferrie Oval 13 536 20 April 1968St Kilda 16 22 118 Melbourne 9 8 62 Moorabbin Oval 21 758 20 April 1968Geelong 9 17 71 Footscray 6 11 47 Kardinia Park 14 589 20 April 1968North Melbourne 9 9 63 Essendon 10 22 82 Arden Street Oval 14 810 20 April 1968Fitzroy 14 16 100 Collingwood 10 11 71 Princes Park 17 149 20 April 1968Richmond 17 16 118 Carlton 10 12 72 MCG 51 889 20 April 1968Round 3 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateCarlton 1 11 17 Essendon 7 8 50 Princes Park 37 406 25 April 1968Richmond 10 15 75 Geelong 17 21 123 MCG 52 175 25 April 1968Footscray 14 10 94 Hawthorn 16 9 105 Western Oval 14 054 27 April 1968Collingwood 2 19 31 St Kilda 10 7 67 Victoria Park 29 491 27 April 1968South Melbourne 13 10 88 Melbourne 14 14 98 Lake Oval 17 260 27 April 1968North Melbourne 15 17 107 Fitzroy 14 7 91 Arden Street Oval 13 122 27 April 1968Round 4 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateMelbourne 12 10 82 North Melbourne 12 4 76 MCG 19 498 4 May 1968Fitzroy 13 19 97 Footscray 12 13 85 Princes Park 11 378 4 May 1968Essendon 16 19 115 South Melbourne 10 15 75 Windy Hill 19 000 4 May 1968St Kilda 12 12 84 Richmond 7 18 60 Moorabbin Oval 30 606 4 May 1968Geelong 6 10 46 Collingwood 4 13 37 Kardinia Park 19 144 4 May 1968Hawthorn 11 11 77 Carlton 15 10 100 Glenferrie Oval 17 606 4 May 1968Round 5 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateNorth Melbourne 6 13 49 St Kilda 9 7 61 Arden Street Oval 14 409 11 May 1968Essendon 16 16 112 Fitzroy 11 15 81 Windy Hill 18 500 11 May 1968Collingwood 17 11 113 Hawthorn 11 16 82 Victoria Park 20 688 11 May 1968Carlton 16 15 111 Footscray 5 9 39 Princes Park 14 490 11 May 1968South Melbourne 8 10 58 Richmond 13 25 103 Lake Oval 17 783 11 May 1968Melbourne 9 9 63 Geelong 10 10 70 MCG 31 862 11 May 1968Round 6 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateFootscray 13 7 85 Melbourne 6 12 48 Western Oval 10 441 18 May 1968Fitzroy 6 8 44 St Kilda 19 6 120 Princes Park 12 852 18 May 1968Collingwood 13 14 92 Essendon 9 12 66 Victoria Park 28 302 18 May 1968Richmond 14 17 101 North Melbourne 4 7 31 MCG 24 317 18 May 1968Hawthorn 10 11 71 Geelong 12 10 82 Glenferrie Oval 10 100 18 May 1968South Melbourne 10 11 71 Carlton 12 11 83 Lake Oval 13 420 18 May 1968Round 7 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateNorth Melbourne 7 15 57 South Melbourne 8 13 61 Arden Street Oval 7 730 25 May 1968Essendon 11 14 80 Richmond 10 18 78 Windy Hill 22 980 25 May 1968Carlton 15 11 101 Collingwood 9 13 67 Princes Park 26 045 25 May 1968Melbourne 11 14 80 Hawthorn 11 10 76 MCG 17 263 25 May 1968St Kilda 11 13 79 Footscray 4 11 35 Moorabbin Oval 16 056 25 May 1968Geelong 11 21 87 Fitzroy 7 6 48 Kardinia Park 11 474 25 May 1968Round 8 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateFootscray 9 8 62 South Melbourne 11 9 75 Western Oval 14 755 8 June 1968Collingwood 11 13 79 Melbourne 13 7 85 Victoria Park 24 375 8 June 1968North Melbourne 9 11 65 Geelong 13 11 89 Arden Street Oval 13 209 8 June 1968Richmond 11 15 81 Hawthorn 11 14 80 MCG 31 325 10 June 1968St Kilda 16 17 113 Essendon 8 9 57 Moorabbin Oval 43 231 10 June 1968Fitzroy 4 10 34 Carlton 13 15 93 Princes Park 19 306 10 June 1968Round 9 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateMelbourne 9 9 63 Richmond 17 17 119 MCG 39 609 15 June 1968Geelong 15 9 99 St Kilda 11 9 75 Kardinia Park 29 404 15 June 1968Essendon 11 17 83 Footscray 5 11 41 Windy Hill 14 000 15 June 1968Carlton 20 11 131 North Melbourne 10 15 75 Princes Park 15 270 15 June 1968Hawthorn 21 14 140 Fitzroy 16 14 110 Glenferrie Oval 11 039 15 June 1968South Melbourne 19 10 124 Collingwood 15 9 99 Lake Oval 17 193 15 June 1968Round 10 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateGeelong 13 15 93 South Melbourne 8 15 63 Kardinia Park 17 794 22 June 1968Fitzroy 12 12 84 Richmond 15 15 105 Princes Park 11 204 22 June 1968North Melbourne 8 14 62 Hawthorn 15 16 106 Arden Street Oval 7 884 22 June 1968Melbourne 9 14 68 Essendon 15 6 96 MCG 32 932 22 June 1968Footscray 5 7 37 Collingwood 9 11 65 Western Oval 13 120 22 June 1968St Kilda 3 10 28 Carlton 8 8 56 Moorabbin Oval 28 885 22 June 1968Round 11 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateHawthorn 15 11 101 St Kilda 17 9 111 Glenferrie Oval 19 279 29 June 1968Essendon 14 20 104 Geelong 12 9 81 Windy Hill 24 450 29 June 1968Collingwood 13 16 94 North Melbourne 4 8 32 Victoria Park 14 814 29 June 1968Carlton 11 19 85 Melbourne 6 7 43 Princes Park 15 234 29 June 1968Richmond 17 20 122 Footscray 16 8 104 MCG 17 844 29 June 1968South Melbourne 17 15 117 Fitzroy 13 12 90 Lake Oval 11 241 29 June 1968Round 12 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateSt Kilda 15 19 109 South Melbourne 6 9 45 Moorabbin Oval 19 059 6 July 1968Fitzroy 11 14 80 Melbourne 14 16 100 Princes Park 8 530 6 July 1968North Melbourne 8 9 57 Footscray 9 18 72 Arden Street Oval 7 844 6 July 1968Hawthorn 11 17 83 Essendon 17 10 112 Glenferrie Oval 12 480 6 July 1968Richmond 17 12 114 Collingwood 17 15 117 MCG 43 165 6 July 1968Geelong 8 7 55 Carlton 9 9 63 Kardinia Park 25 007 6 July 1968Round 13 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateMelbourne 10 11 71 St Kilda 10 16 76 MCG 30 581 13 July 1968Footscray 18 18 126 Geelong 5 13 43 Western Oval 13 092 13 July 1968Essendon 16 19 115 North Melbourne 9 9 63 Windy Hill 11 690 13 July 1968Collingwood 18 14 122 Fitzroy 18 7 115 Victoria Park 16 357 13 July 1968Carlton 11 14 80 Richmond 10 14 74 Princes Park 24 245 13 July 1968South Melbourne 12 10 82 Hawthorn 15 11 101 Lake Oval 11 191 13 July 1968Round 14 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateMelbourne 10 10 70 South Melbourne 12 8 80 MCG 18 976 20 July 1968Geelong 13 11 89 Richmond 9 16 70 Kardinia Park 23 932 20 July 1968Fitzroy 13 17 95 North Melbourne 9 14 68 Princes Park 7 563 20 July 1968Hawthorn 24 8 152 Footscray 10 10 70 Glenferrie Oval 13 810 20 July 1968St Kilda 11 10 76 Collingwood 12 13 85 Moorabbin Oval 28 246 20 July 1968Essendon 7 13 55 Carlton 6 13 49 Windy Hill 32 000 20 July 1968Round 15 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateRichmond 13 16 94 St Kilda 9 10 64 MCG 42 740 27 July 1968Collingwood 4 12 36 Geelong 7 12 54 Victoria Park 25 849 27 July 1968Carlton 9 14 68 Hawthorn 11 15 81 Princes Park 18 470 27 July 1968North Melbourne 5 8 38 Melbourne 6 4 40 Arden Street Oval 5 826 27 July 1968Footscray 9 12 66 Fitzroy 10 11 71 Western Oval 10 148 27 July 1968South Melbourne 7 12 54 Essendon 14 13 97 Lake Oval 14 690 27 July 1968Round 16 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateRichmond 15 21 111 South Melbourne 10 11 71 MCG 22 404 3 August 1968Geelong 11 9 75 Melbourne 10 8 68 Kardinia Park 14 240 3 August 1968St Kilda 8 13 61 North Melbourne 6 3 39 Moorabbin Oval 13 355 3 August 1968Fitzroy 13 15 93 Essendon 13 16 94 Princes Park 12 080 3 August 1968Hawthorn 15 11 101 Collingwood 10 16 76 Glenferrie Oval 26 928 3 August 1968Footscray 16 6 102 Carlton 10 10 70 Western Oval 15 184 3 August 1968Round 17 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateNorth Melbourne 7 9 51 Richmond 11 19 85 Arden Street Oval 9 374 10 August 1968Geelong 10 7 67 Hawthorn 7 9 51 Kardinia Park 20 822 10 August 1968Carlton 18 14 122 South Melbourne 11 14 80 Princes Park 15 620 10 August 1968Melbourne 10 14 74 Footscray 9 11 65 MCG 18 733 10 August 1968St Kilda 12 19 91 Fitzroy 6 5 41 Moorabbin Oval 15 643 10 August 1968Essendon 20 18 138 Collingwood 7 11 53 Windy Hill 21 300 10 August 1968Round 18 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateHawthorn 14 13 97 Melbourne 8 11 59 Glenferrie Oval 14 359 17 August 1968Footscray 6 8 44 St Kilda 16 13 109 Western Oval 15 211 17 August 1968Fitzroy 10 12 72 Geelong 14 10 94 Princes Park 9 782 17 August 1968South Melbourne 9 14 68 North Melbourne 11 13 79 Lake Oval 7 412 17 August 1968Richmond 10 14 74 Essendon 7 12 54 MCG 68 529 17 August 1968Collingwood 10 10 70 Carlton 16 11 107 Victoria Park 24 496 17 August 1968Round 19 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateHawthorn 11 13 79 Richmond 11 22 88 Glenferrie Oval 21 772 24 August 1968Geelong 14 13 97 North Melbourne 13 9 87 Kardinia Park 13 872 24 August 1968Essendon 10 6 66 St Kilda 9 12 66 Windy Hill 24 700 24 August 1968Carlton 21 17 143 Fitzroy 12 19 91 Princes Park 16 123 24 August 1968South Melbourne 11 12 78 Footscray 11 16 82 Lake Oval 8 012 24 August 1968Melbourne 12 14 86 Collingwood 12 15 87 MCG 29 967 24 August 1968Round 20 Edit Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd DateFitzroy 17 14 116 Hawthorn 18 18 126 Princes Park 11 440 31 August 1968Collingwood 23 19 157 South Melbourne 14 14 98 Victoria Park 11 648 31 August 1968Richmond 18 21 129 Melbourne 12 8 80 MCG 34 546 31 August 1968St Kilda 16 14 110 Geelong 8 11 59 Moorabbin Oval 34 073 31 August 1968Footscray 12 13 85 Essendon 15 22 112 Western Oval 19 196 31 August 1968North Melbourne 11 13 79 Carlton 15 10 100 Arden Street Oval 16 189 31 August 1968Ladder Edit1968 VFL ladder Pos Team Pld W L D PF PA PP Pts1 Essendon 20 16 3 1 1860 1428 130 3 66 Finals2 Carlton P 20 15 5 0 1751 1343 130 4 603 Geelong 20 15 5 0 1528 1431 106 8 604 St Kilda 20 14 5 1 1718 1263 136 0 585 Richmond 20 14 6 0 1889 1536 123 0 566 Hawthorn 20 9 10 1 1934 1869 103 5 387 Collingwood 20 9 11 0 1623 1717 94 5 368 Melbourne 20 8 12 0 1434 1709 83 9 329 South Melbourne 20 6 13 1 1639 1954 83 9 2610 Footscray 20 5 15 0 1413 1710 82 6 2011 Fitzroy 20 4 16 0 1643 2035 80 7 1612 North Melbourne 20 3 17 0 1266 1703 74 3 12Source VFL ladderRules for classification 1 points 2 percentage 3 number of points for P PremiersConsolation Night Series Competition EditThe consolation night series were held under the floodlights at Lake Oval South Melbourne for the teams 5th to 12th on ladder out of the finals at the end of the home and away rounds Final Hawthorn 16 15 111 defeated North Melbourne 6 14 50 Premiership Finals EditFirst Semi Final Edit Team 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr FinalGeelong 4 4 9 7 14 10 19 13 127 St Kilda 2 4 4 10 8 13 11 17 83 Attendance 98 885Second Semi Final Edit Team 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr FinalEssendon 1 2 7 6 7 8 8 11 59 Carlton 5 8 6 9 11 12 13 17 95 Attendance 106 365Preliminary Final Edit Team 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr FinalEssendon 3 6 7 10 10 18 11 25 91 Geelong 5 3 8 6 8 10 9 13 67 Attendance 103 549Grand final Edit Main article 1968 VFL Grand Final Team 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr FinalCarlton 2 2 6 8 7 9 7 14 56 Essendon 2 1 5 1 6 4 8 5 53 Attendance 116 917Awards EditThe 1968 VFL Premiership team was Carlton The VFL s leading goalkicker was Peter Hudson of Hawthorn who kicked 125 goals The winner of the 1968 Brownlow Medal was Bob Skilton of South Melbourne with 24 votes North Melbourne took the wooden spoon in 1968 The reserves premiership was won by Essendon Essendon 15 7 97 defeated Richmond 13 14 92 in the Grand Final held as a curtain raiser to the seniors Grand Final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 28 September 1 Notable events EditThe season s home and away draw was extended from 18 to 20 rounds This now meant that each team met nine of the other eleven teams twice in a season In Round 3 the Anzac Day match between Carlton and Essendon at Princes Park was greatly affected by an unusually strong wind that blew across the ground from wing to wing making kicking and marking entirely unpredictable as balls would almost turn at right angles in the air as they moved down the ground towards the outer eastern end and lost the protection of the stands or whilst in the stand protected western end the ball went above the protection of the stands In an otherwise close hard fought match with not many scoring opportunities available Carlton were least able to cope with the windy conditions kicking 1 11 17 to Essendon s 7 8 50 In Round 7 Essendon played Richmond at Windy Hill in a rain sodden game that finished in such dark conditions that players could not see across the ground In the last quarter a goal was awarded to Geoff Gosper although several Richmond players protested that the ball had hit the post Essendon won the match by two points 11 14 80 to Richmond s 10 18 78 After the Round 8 match between Hawthorn and Richmond at the Melbourne Cricket Ground the teams and many of the fans left the ground believing the game had been tied 11 15 81 apiece After the goal umpires checked their scorecards it was confirmed that the scoreboard was reading incorrectly and that Richmond had in fact won by a point 11 15 81 to 11 14 80 Peter Hudson became the first player to kick 100 goals in a season since John Coleman in 1952 In Round 17 and Round 18 respectively Ron Barassi and Brian Dixon played their 250th VFL games At the time only thirteen other players had reached the milestone After Round 18 of the Under 19s competition Geelong was stripped of all premiership points that it had earned in matches in which it had fielded ineligible player John Taylor who was residentially tied to Footscray The lost points relegated Geelong from fourth to last place on the ladder 2 For the first and as of 2022 only time in VFL history the premiership team kicked fewer goals than the runners up in the Grand Final References Edit Rex Pullen 30 September 1968 Reserves flag to Bombers The Sun News Pictorial Melbourne p 51 Marc Fiddian 24 August 1968 Cats out of U 19 finals The Age Melbourne p 24 Hogan P The Tigers of Old The Richmond Football Club Richmond 1996 ISBN 0 646 18748 1 Maplestone M Flying Higher History of the Essendon Football Club 1872 1996 Essendon Football Club Melbourne 1996 ISBN 0 9591740 2 8 Rogers S amp Brown A Every Game Ever Played VFL AFL Results 1897 1997 Sixth Edition Viking Books Ringwood 1998 ISBN 0 670 90809 6 Ross J ed 100 Years of Australian Football 1897 1996 The Complete Story of the AFL All the Big Stories All the Great Pictures All the Champions Every AFL Season Reported Viking Ringwood 1996 ISBN 0 670 86814 0External links Edit1968 Season AFL Tables Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1968 VFL season amp oldid 1125087110, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
