The Soviet Union's 1949–1951 nuclear test series was a group of 3 nuclear tests conducted in 1949–1951. These tests preceded the 1953 Soviet nuclear tests series.
^The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
^To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.
^Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.
^Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
^Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
^Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
^Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
^Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
^Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.
Referencesedit
^"Time Zone Historical Database". iana.com. Retrieved 2014-03-08.
^ abcSoviet Atomic Energy Program(PDF) (Technical report). National Intelligence Estimate 11-2A-62. Central Intelligence Agency. May 16, 1962.
^ abWellerstein, Alex; Podvig, Pavel (2012-06-15). "Semipalatinsk Then and Now" (See comments about "First Lightening" name). Retrieved 2014-03-04.
^ abcNuclear explosions in the USSR: The North Test Site reference material, version 4(PDF) (Technical report). IAEA Dept. of Nuclear Safety and Security. December 1, 2004. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
^ abcCochran, Thomas B.; Arkin, William M.; Norris, Robert S.; Sands, Jeffrey I. Nuclear Weapons Databook Vol. IV: Soviet Nuclear Weapons. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
^ abcUSSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990. Sarov, Russia: RFNC-VNIIEF. 1996. The official Russian list of Soviet tests.
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See also List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union s 1949 1951 nuclear test series was a group of 3 nuclear tests conducted in 1949 1951 These tests preceded the 1953 Soviet nuclear tests series 1949 1951InformationCountrySoviet UnionTest siteGround Zero Semipalatinsk KazakhstanPeriod1949 1951Number of tests3Test typeair drop towerMax yield42 kilotonnes of TNT 180 TJ Test series chronology1953 Soviet nuclear tests Map all coordinates in 1949 51 Soviet nuclear tests using OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as KML GPX all coordinates GPX primary coordinates GPX secondary coordinates Soviet Union s 1949 1951 series tests and detonations Name note 1 Date time UT Local time zone note 2 1 Location note 3 Elevation height note 4 Delivery note 5 Purpose note 6 Device note 7 Yield note 8 Fallout note 9 References Notes1 Joe 1 29 August 1949 00 00 ALMT 6 hrs Ground Zero Semipalatinsk Kazakhstan 50 26 17 N 77 48 51 E 50 43794 N 77 81409 E 50 43794 77 81409 1 Joe 1 278 m 912 ft 30 m 98 ft tower weapons development RDS 1 22 kt 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 By Beria s instruction this was an exact copy of the USA s Fat Man The name Pyervaya Molniya First Lightning first appeared in the 1990s 3 2 Joe 2 24 September 1951 06 19 ALMT 6 hrs Ground Zero Semipalatinsk Kazakhstan 50 26 N 77 50 E 50 43 N 77 83 E 50 43 77 83 2 Joe 2 279 m 915 ft 30 m 98 ft tower weapons development RDS 2 38 3 kt 2 4 5 6 7 8 3 Joe 3 18 October 1951 03 53 ALMT 6 hrs Ground Zero Semipalatinsk Kazakhstan 50 26 N 77 50 E 50 43 N 77 83 E 50 43 77 83 3 Joe 3 279 m 915 ft 380 m 1 250 ft air drop weapons development RDS 3 42 kt 2 4 5 6 7 8 The first bomb drop test The US France and Great Britain have code named their test events while the USSR and China did not and therefore have only test numbers with some exceptions Soviet peaceful explosions were named Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test which results in name1 1 with name2 If test is canceled or aborted then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans where known To convert the UT time into standard local add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time for local daylight saving time add one additional hour If the result is earlier than 00 00 add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day if it is 24 00 or later subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database Rough place name and a latitude longitude reference for rocket carried tests the launch location is specified before the detonation location if known Some locations are extremely accurate others like airdrops and space blasts may be quite inaccurate indicates a likely pro forma rough location shared with other tests in that same area Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower balloon shaft tunnel air drop or other contrivance For rocket bursts the ground level is N A In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground for example Plumbbob John No number or units indicates the value is unknown while 0 means zero Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together Atmospheric airdrop balloon gun cruise missile rocket surface tower and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground and remained useful under the PTBT Intentional cratering tests are borderline they occurred under the treaty were sometimes protested and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use Include weapons development weapon effects safety test transport safety test war science joint verification and industrial peaceful which may be further broken down Designations for test items where known indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value nicknames for particular devices in quotes This category of information is often not officially disclosed Estimated energy yield in tons kilotons and megatons A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4 184 gigajoules 1 gigacalorie Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons where known The measured species is only iodine 131 if mentioned otherwise it is all species No entry means unknown probably none if underground and all if not otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site where known and the measured amount of radioactivity released References edit Time Zone Historical Database iana com Retrieved 2014 03 08 a b c Soviet Atomic Energy Program PDF Technical report National Intelligence Estimate 11 2A 62 Central Intelligence Agency May 16 1962 a b Wellerstein Alex Podvig Pavel 2012 06 15 Semipalatinsk Then and Now See comments about First Lightening name Retrieved 2014 03 04 a b c Nuclear explosions in the USSR The North Test Site reference material version 4 PDF Technical report IAEA Dept of Nuclear Safety and Security December 1 2004 Retrieved December 13 2013 a b c Cochran Thomas B Arkin William M Norris Robert S Sands Jeffrey I Nuclear Weapons Databook Vol IV Soviet Nuclear Weapons New York NY Harper and Row a b c Podvig Pavel ed 2001 Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces Cambridge MA MIT Press ISBN 9780262661812 Retrieved 2014 01 09 a b c USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990 Sarov Russia RFNC VNIIEF 1996 The official Russian list of Soviet tests a b c Yang Xiaoping North Robert Romney Carl August 2000 CMR Nuclear Explosion Database Revision 3 Technical report SMDC Monitoring Research Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1949 51 Soviet nuclear tests amp oldid 1166962813, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
