The Chirpan–Plovdiv earthquakes struck central Bulgaria, south of the Sredna Gora on two separate days in April 1928. The event consisted of two main earthquakes that had a moment magnitude of 7.1 (Mw), occurring four days apart on the 14th and 18th respectively.[1][2] Major damage was reported, with over 70,000 buildings collapsing.[3] An estimated 127 people died in both earthquakes, with many thousands affected in its aftermath. The two powerful earthquakes could also be felt in Greece, where they also caused significant damage. The cost of damage totaled 5 billion leva.[3]
The earthquake pair involved a rupture of two separate faults. The first shock ruptured a 36 km (22 mi) long and 10 km (6.2 mi) wide, south-dipping and east–west striking normal fault which slipped 0.7 metres (2 ft 4 in). Older reports, on the other hand, stated a rupture length of 40 to 50 km (25 to 31 mi). A 2002 research revealed that the young fault was active during the Pleistocene epoch, and well into the Holocene. Three colluvial wedges were found along the hanging wall suggesting three prehistoric earthquakes have occurred and caused surface ruptures. Using the dates of the events, an average recurrence interval of 2350 ± 643 years was presented for earthquakes comparable to the 1928 earthquake.[4]
Meanwhile, the second earthquake was caused by the rupture of ten fault structures. This fault is 31 km (19 mi) long, by 10 to 14 km (6.2 to 8.7 mi). it dips steeply to the northeast and becomes shallower at depth. Surface slippage suggests values between 0.3 and 2.6 metres (1 ft 0 in and 8 ft 6 in), and at depth, 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in). A small dextral component was also observed.[5]Coulomb stress transfer after the April 14th earthquake is thought to have triggered the second event.[6]
Impactedit
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2021)
The partially collapsed ruins of the Church of the Holy Savior in Voyvodinovo, near Parvomay.
Both earthquakes achieved a maximum intensity of IX–X on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale and X–XI on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing major damage to the surrounding towns and villages.[3] At least 74,570 buildings were obliterated while another 21,000 left partially destroyed in 240 towns and villages.[7] Nearly every building in Chirpan and Parvomay collapsed as a result of the two earthquakes. The extreme shaking also bent and snapped railway tracks.[8] Over 264,000 residents in the affected area became homeless when their homes were damaged. Many of the survivors slept outside their homes for fear that more aftershocks would collapse them. Plovdiv which was severely affected by the earthquake suffered further destruction when the second mainshock struck closer to the city.
Because the first earthquake took place on a Holy Saturday, many residents were outside their houses thus were not injured or killed when they collapsed. An estimated 402 schools were destroyed but since it was a holiday, little to there were no deaths.
In Thessaloniki, Greece, the earthquakes caused panic among residents and there was some light damage to the walls of houses. The shaking collapsed a house in Komotini and caused large cracks to appear in the walls of buildings. Two additional homes collapsed in another Greek town while in Eleftheroupoli, a police station collapsed.
Responseedit
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2021)
Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria was in Vrana Palace at the time of the disaster was brought to Chirpan, and later Plovdiv where he led a rescue mission to provide aid to victims.[9]
Galleryedit
Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria surveying the damage.
A tobacco warehouse with its sides damaged,
A railway track severely deformed by the earthquake.
^"M 7.1 - Bulgaria". earthquake.usgs.gov. from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 2021-03-17.
^"M 7.1 - Bulgaria". earthquake.usgs.gov. from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 2021-03-17.
^ abcMaritsa team (2011-04-14). "Easter 83 years ago collapsed Plovdiv and Chirpan". marica.bg (in Bulgarian). Marica. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
^K. Vanneste, A. Radulov, P. De Martini, G. Nikolov, T. Petermans, K. Verbeeck, T. Camelbeeck, D. Pantosti, D. Dimitrov, and S. Shanov (2006). "Paleoseismologic investigation of the fault rupture of the 14 April 1928 Chirpan earthquake (M 6.8), southern Bulgaria". Journal of Geophysical Research. 111 (B1): B01303. Bibcode:2006JGRB..111.1303V. doi:10.1029/2005JB003814.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Dimitar St. Dimitrov, Jean-Bernard De Chabalier, Jean-Claude Ruegg, Emil Botev (2006). "The 14 and 18 April 1928 Chirpan-Plovdiv Earthquakes – fault model from geodetic and seismic data" (PDF). Geosciences. Retrieved 16 March 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^AUTHOR/S: KARAKOSTAS, V., GOSPODINOV, D., RANGUELOV, B. (2006). "Slip distribution of the 1928 Chirpan and Plovdiv mainshocks and earthquake triggering" (PDF). 6th International Scientific Conference. 2: 119–126. Retrieved 16 March 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"Significant Earthquake Information". NGDC NCEI. NCEI. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
^"Най-опустошителните земетресения в България през XX век". bulgarianhistory.org. Bulgarian History. 15 November 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
External linksedit
BULGARIA: POPOVITSA
BULGARIA: CHIRPAN
BULGARIA / EARTHQUAKES: Scenes of ruined city after devastating earthquake (1928)
April 08, 2024
1928, chirpan, plovdiv, earthquakes, chirpan, plovdiv, earthquakes, struck, central, bulgaria, south, sredna, gora, separate, days, april, 1928, event, consisted, main, earthquakes, that, moment, magnitude, occurring, four, days, apart, 14th, 18th, respectivel. The Chirpan Plovdiv earthquakes struck central Bulgaria south of the Sredna Gora on two separate days in April 1928 The event consisted of two main earthquakes that had a moment magnitude of 7 1 Mw occurring four days apart on the 14th and 18th respectively 1 2 Major damage was reported with over 70 000 buildings collapsing 3 An estimated 127 people died in both earthquakes with many thousands affected in its aftermath The two powerful earthquakes could also be felt in Greece where they also caused significant damage The cost of damage totaled 5 billion leva 3 1928 Chirpan Plovdiv earthquakesDamaged hospital in Plovdiv after the earthquake UTC time 1928 04 14 09 00 00 1928 04 18 19 22 56ISC event908596 908608USGS ANSSComCat ComCatMagnitude 7 1 Mw 7 1 MwDepth15 km 9 mi TypeNormalAreas affectedBulgariaTotal damageFive billion leva 74 000 buildings damaged or destroyedMax intensityXI Extreme Casualties127 dead Contents 1 Earthquake 2 Impact 3 Response 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksEarthquake editThe earthquake pair involved a rupture of two separate faults The first shock ruptured a 36 km 22 mi long and 10 km 6 2 mi wide south dipping and east west striking normal fault which slipped 0 7 metres 2 ft 4 in Older reports on the other hand stated a rupture length of 40 to 50 km 25 to 31 mi A 2002 research revealed that the young fault was active during the Pleistocene epoch and well into the Holocene Three colluvial wedges were found along the hanging wall suggesting three prehistoric earthquakes have occurred and caused surface ruptures Using the dates of the events an average recurrence interval of 2350 643 years was presented for earthquakes comparable to the 1928 earthquake 4 Meanwhile the second earthquake was caused by the rupture of ten fault structures This fault is 31 km 19 mi long by 10 to 14 km 6 2 to 8 7 mi it dips steeply to the northeast and becomes shallower at depth Surface slippage suggests values between 0 3 and 2 6 metres 1 ft 0 in and 8 ft 6 in and at depth 2 5 m 8 ft 2 in A small dextral component was also observed 5 Coulomb stress transfer after the April 14th earthquake is thought to have triggered the second event 6 Impact editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it March 2021 nbsp The partially collapsed ruins of the Church of the Holy Savior in Voyvodinovo near Parvomay Both earthquakes achieved a maximum intensity of IX X on the Medvedev Sponheuer Karnik scale and X XI on the Mercalli intensity scale causing major damage to the surrounding towns and villages 3 At least 74 570 buildings were obliterated while another 21 000 left partially destroyed in 240 towns and villages 7 Nearly every building in Chirpan and Parvomay collapsed as a result of the two earthquakes The extreme shaking also bent and snapped railway tracks 8 Over 264 000 residents in the affected area became homeless when their homes were damaged Many of the survivors slept outside their homes for fear that more aftershocks would collapse them Plovdiv which was severely affected by the earthquake suffered further destruction when the second mainshock struck closer to the city Because the first earthquake took place on a Holy Saturday many residents were outside their houses thus were not injured or killed when they collapsed An estimated 402 schools were destroyed but since it was a holiday little to there were no deaths In Thessaloniki Greece the earthquakes caused panic among residents and there was some light damage to the walls of houses The shaking collapsed a house in Komotini and caused large cracks to appear in the walls of buildings Two additional homes collapsed in another Greek town while in Eleftheroupoli a police station collapsed Response editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it March 2021 Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria was in Vrana Palace at the time of the disaster was brought to Chirpan and later Plovdiv where he led a rescue mission to provide aid to victims 9 Gallery edit nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria surveying the damage nbsp A tobacco warehouse with its sides damaged nbsp A railway track severely deformed by the earthquake See also editList of earthquakes in 1928 List of earthquakes in BulgariaReferences edit M 7 1 Bulgaria earthquake usgs gov Archived from the original on 2019 03 06 Retrieved 2021 03 17 M 7 1 Bulgaria earthquake usgs gov Archived from the original on 2019 03 06 Retrieved 2021 03 17 a b c Maritsa team 2011 04 14 Easter 83 years ago collapsed Plovdiv and Chirpan marica bg in Bulgarian Marica Retrieved 17 March 2021 K Vanneste A Radulov P De Martini G Nikolov T Petermans K Verbeeck T Camelbeeck D Pantosti D Dimitrov and S Shanov 2006 Paleoseismologic investigation of the fault rupture of the 14 April 1928 Chirpan earthquake M 6 8 southern Bulgaria Journal of Geophysical Research 111 B1 B01303 Bibcode 2006JGRB 111 1303V doi 10 1029 2005JB003814 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Dimitar St Dimitrov Jean Bernard De Chabalier Jean Claude Ruegg Emil Botev 2006 The 14 and 18 April 1928 Chirpan Plovdiv Earthquakes fault model from geodetic and seismic data PDF Geosciences Retrieved 16 March 2021 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link AUTHOR S KARAKOSTAS V GOSPODINOV D RANGUELOV B 2006 Slip distribution of the 1928 Chirpan and Plovdiv mainshocks and earthquake triggering PDF 6th International Scientific Conference 2 119 126 Retrieved 16 March 2021 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Significant Earthquake Information NGDC NCEI NCEI Retrieved 16 March 2021 Istoriya Retrieved 16 March 2021 Naj opustoshitelnite zemetreseniya v Blgariya prez XX vek bulgarianhistory org Bulgarian History 15 November 2017 Retrieved 17 March 2021 External links editBULGARIA POPOVITSA BULGARIA CHIRPAN BULGARIA EARTHQUAKES Scenes of ruined city after devastating earthquake 1928 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1928 Chirpan Plovdiv earthquakes amp oldid 1187319957, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
