The 1890–91 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1890 and 1891, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
The Republican Party lost four seats, though still retaining a slim majority. That majority was increased, however, upon the admission of two more states with Republican senators.
Montana admitted to the Union November 8, 1889. First senator electedJanuary 1, 1890.[2] His election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature. The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16, 1890, and he was seated that day.[3] Republican gain.
Montana admitted to the Union November 8, 1889. Second senator electedJanuary 2, 1890.[2] His election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature. The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16, 1890, and he was seated that day.[3] Republican gain.
Incumbent re-elected in 1890, but died February 24, 1891, before the beginning of the next term. Seat remained vacant until November 19, 1891. Democratic loss.
In July 1890, Idaho became a state. In November, Fred Dubois helped engineer a plan for the Idaho Legislature to effectively elect three people to the U.S. Senate: Governor George Shoup to the class 2 seat up for election in 1894, state constitutional convention member William J. McConnell to serve for the remainder of the Fifty-first United States Congress, ending in March 1891, and Dubois himself to succeed McConnell and serve a full six-year term in the class 3 seat beginning in March 1891.
The Democratic caucus met on January 19, 74 State legislators attended, and State Senator John C. Jacobs presided. Governor David B. Hill was nominated by acclamation.
The Republican caucus met immediately after the Democratic caucus ended, Assemblyman James W. Husted presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator William M. Evarts unanimously.
On January 20, both Houses of the State legislature took ballots separately. The incumbent U.S. Senator Evarts was the choice of the State Senate, Governor Hill the choice of the Assembly. On January 21, both Houses met in joint session, and comparing nominations, found that they disagreed and proceeded to a joint ballot. Governor Hill was elected by a majority of 2, every member of the Legislature being present.
The seat became vacant on March 4, 1891. David B. Hill remained in office as Governor of New York until December 31, 1891, and took his seat only on January 7, 1892, missing actually only one month of session. There were no special sessions during the 52nd United States Congress and the regular session began only on December 7, 1891. Hill served a single term, and remained in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1897. In January 1897, Hill was defeated for re-election by Republican Thomas C. Platt who had been a U.S. Senator briefly in 1881.
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 20, 1891. Incumbent RepublicanJ. Donald Cameron, who was elected in an 1877 special election and re-elected in 1879 and 1885, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
^ abcdefgGoodspeed, Weston Arthur (1904). Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming. University of California. p. 382 – via Google Books.
^RICHARD J. OGLESBY THE NOMINEE. Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922); Chicago, Ill. [Chicago, Ill]. 16 Jan 1891: 4.
^ abcdNewcombe, Alfred W. (1946). "Alson J. Streeter: An Agrarian Liberal". Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. Vol. 39, no. 1. University of Illinois Press. pp. 68–95 – via JSTOR.
^Wilcox, Henry S., ed. (March 5, 1890). "Election of U.S. Senator". Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives. 23 (1): 158–168. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
^Proceedings of the House of Representatives, ... Legislative session, State of South Dakota. Published under the direction and authority of the Legislature. 1923.
Taylor, William Alexander; Taylor, Aubrey Clarence (1899). Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900. State of Ohio.
"EXIT DAVID BENNETT HILL" (PDF). The New York Times. January 20, 1891., The headline expresses the erroneous belief that Hill, after his election, would resign the governorship and go to Washington, D.C.
"Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". via Senate.gov.
October 15, 2023
1890, united, states, senate, elections, were, held, various, dates, various, states, these, senate, elections, were, prior, ratification, seventeenth, amendment, 1913, senators, were, chosen, state, legislatures, senators, were, elected, over, wide, range, ti. The 1890 91 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states As these U S Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 senators were chosen by state legislatures Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1890 and 1891 and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock 1 In these elections terms were up for the senators in Class 3 1890 91 United States Senate elections 1888 amp 1889 Dates vary by state 1892 amp 1893 29 of the 88 seats in the United States Senate as well as special elections 45 seats needed for a majority Majority party Minority party Leader George F Edmunds a retired Arthur Pue Gorman b Party Republican DemocraticLeader since March 4 1885 March 4 1889Leader s seat Vermont MarylandSeats before 38 37Seats won 12 14Seats after 47 39Seat change 9 2Seats up 16 12 Third party Fourth party Party Populist IndependentSeats before 0 0Seats won 1 1Seats after 1 1Seat change 1 1Seats up 0 0Results of the elections Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Populist gain Independent gain Legislature failed to electMajority Party before electionRepublican Elected Majority Party RepublicanThe Republican Party lost four seats though still retaining a slim majority That majority was increased however upon the admission of two more states with Republican senators Contents 1 Results summary 2 Change in Senate composition 2 1 Before the elections 2 2 After the class 3 elections 2 3 Beginning of the next Congress 3 Race summaries 3 1 Elections during the 51st Congress 3 2 Races leading to the 52nd Congress 3 3 Election during the 52nd Congress 4 Idaho 5 Maryland 6 New York 7 Pennsylvania 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 Further readingResults summary EditSenate party division 52nd Congress 1891 1893 Majority party Republican 47 Minority party Democratic 39 Other parties Populist 2 Total seats 88Change in Senate composition EditBefore the elections Edit After the admission of Montana s new senators in January 1890 D1 D2D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22D32Ran D31Ran D30Ran D29Ran D28Ran D27Ran D26Ran D25 D24 D23D33Ran D34Ran D35Ran D36Retired D37Retired R47Retired R46Ran R45Ran R44Ran R43RanMajority R33Ran R34Ran R35Ran R36Ran R37Ran R38Ran R39Ran R40Ran R41Ran R42RanR32Ran R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3R1 R2After the class 3 elections Edit D1 D2D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22D32Re elected D31Re elected D30Re elected D29Re elected D28Re elected D27Re elected D26Re elected D25 D24 D23D33Hold D34Hold D35Hold D36Hold D37Gain D38Gain D39Gain V1D Loss I1Gain P1GainMajority R43New seatR33Re elected R34Re elected R35Re elected R36Re elected R37Re elected R38Re elected R39Re elected R40Re elected R41Hold R42HoldR32Re elected R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3R1 R2Beginning of the next Congress Edit D1 D2 D3 D4D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25D35 D36 V1D seated late V2D elected late V3D diedLater D I1Later P P1 V3D diedLater R R46New seat R45New seatMajority R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44New seatR34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R25R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5R1 R2 R3 R4Key D DemocraticI IndependentP PopulistR RepublicanV VacantRace summaries EditElections during the 51st Congress Edit In these elections the winners were seated during 1890 or in 1891 before March 4 ordered by election date State Incumbent Results CandidatesSenator Party ElectoralhistoryMontana Class 1 New state Montana admitted to the Union November 8 1889 First senator elected January 1 1890 2 His election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16 1890 and he was seated that day 3 Republican gain nbsp Y Wilbur F Sanders Republican William A Clark Democratic Montana Class 2 Montana admitted to the Union November 8 1889 Second senator elected January 2 1890 2 His election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16 1890 and he was seated that day 3 Republican gain nbsp Y Thomas C Power Republican Martin Maginnis Democratic Kentucky Class 2 James B Beck Democratic 187618821888 Incumbent died May 3 1890 Winner elected May 26 1890 Democratic hold nbsp Y John G Carlisle Democratic data missing Wyoming Class 2 New state Wyoming admitted to the Union July 10 1890 First senator elected November 15 1890 Republican gain nbsp Y Joseph M Carey Republican 39 votes 4 George W Baxter Democratic 7 votes 4 Wyoming Class 1 Wyoming admitted to the Union July 10 1890 First senator elected November 18 1890 Republican gain nbsp Y Francis E Warren Republican 29 votes 4 Henry A Coffeen Democratic 9 votes 4 M C Brown 7 votes 4 John McCormick 3 votes 4 H R Mann 1 vote 4 Idaho Class 2 New state Idaho admitted to the Union July 3 1890 First senator elected December 18 1890 Republican gain nbsp Y George L Shoup Republican data missing Idaho Class 3 Idaho admitted to the Union July 3 1890 First senator elected December 18 1890 Republican gain nbsp Y William J McConnell Republican data missing Races leading to the 52nd Congress Edit In these regular elections the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4 1891 ordered by state All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats State Incumbent Results CandidatesSenator Party ElectoralhistoryAlabama James L Pugh Democratic 1880 special 1884 Incumbent re elected in 1890 nbsp Y James L Pugh Democratic data missing Arkansas James K Jones Democratic 1885 Incumbent re elected in 1891 nbsp Y James K Jones Democratic data missing California Leland Stanford Republican 1885 Incumbent re elected in 1891 nbsp Y Leland Stanford Republican data missing Colorado Henry M Teller Republican 1885 Incumbent re elected in 1891 nbsp Y Henry M Teller Republican data missing Connecticut Orville H Platt Republican 18791885 Incumbent re elected in 1891 nbsp Y Orville H Platt Republican data missing Florida Wilkinson Call Democratic 18791885 Legislature failed to elect Democratic loss None Georgia Joseph E Brown Democratic 1880 special 1885 Incumbent retired due to illness Winner elected on an unknown date Democratic hold nbsp Y John B Gordon Democratic data missing Idaho William J McConnell Republican 1890 McConnell was elected only to finish the term see above and thereafter retired Winner elected December 18 1890 Republican hold nbsp Y Fred Dubois Republican data missing Illinois Charles B Farwell Republican 1887 Incumbent not renominated by the Republican caucus 5 Winner elected on March 11 1891 after 154 ballots 6 Democratic gain nbsp Y John M Palmer 102 votes Democratic 6 Cicero Lindly Republican 100 votes 6 Alson Streeter Farmers Alliance 1 vote 6 Indiana Daniel W Voorhees Democratic 1877 Appointed 1879 special 1885 Incumbent re elected in 1891 nbsp Y Daniel W Voorhees Democratic data missing Iowa William B Allison Republican 187218781884 Incumbent re elected March 5 1890 7 nbsp Y William B Allison Republican 79 votes Samuel L Bestow Democratic 63 votes 8 William Larrabee Republican 8 votes 7 Kansas John Ingalls Republican 187318791885 Incumbent lost re election Winner elected in 1891 Populist gain nbsp Y William A Peffer Populist John Ingalls Republican data missing Kentucky Joseph C S Blackburn Democratic 1884 Incumbent re elected in 1890 nbsp Y Joseph C S Blackburn Democratic data missing Louisiana James B Eustis Democratic 1890 or 1891 Incumbent lost re election Winner elected in 1891 Democratic hold nbsp Y Edward Douglass White Democratic data missing Maryland Ephraim Wilson Democratic 1884 Incumbent re elected in 1890 but died February 24 1891 before the beginning of the next term Seat remained vacant until November 19 1891 Democratic loss nbsp Y Ephraim Wilson Democratic data missing Missouri George G Vest Democratic 18791885 Incumbent re elected in 1891 nbsp Y George G Vest Democratic data missing Nevada John P Jones Republican 18791885 Incumbent re elected in 1891 nbsp Y John P Jones Republican data missing New Hampshire Henry W Blair Republican 18791885 Appointed 1885 special Incumbent lost renomination Winner elected in 1891 Republican hold nbsp Y Jacob Gallinger Republican data missing New York William M Evarts Republican 1885 Incumbent lost re election Winner elected January 21 1891 Democratic gain nbsp Y David B Hill Democratic 81 votes William M Evarts Republican 79 votesNorth Carolina Zebulon B Vance Democratic 18791884 Incumbent re elected in 1890 nbsp Y Zebulon B Vance Democratic North Dakota Gilbert A Pierce Republican 1889 Incumbent lost re election Winner elected in 1891 Republican hold nbsp Y Henry C Hansbrough Republican Gilbert A Pierce Republican data missing Ohio Henry B Payne Democratic 1884 Incumbent retired Winner elected January 15 1890 9 Democratic hold nbsp Y Calvin S Brice Democratic data missing Oregon John H Mitchell Republican 1885 Incumbent re elected in 1890 nbsp Y John H Mitchell Republican data missing Pennsylvania J Donald Cameron Republican 1877 special 18791885 Incumbent re elected January 20 1891 nbsp Y J Donald Cameron Republican 144 votes Chauncey F Black Democratic 94 votes Others 12 votes see belowSouth Carolina Wade Hampton III Democratic 1884 Incumbent lost re election re elected in 1890 Democratic hold nbsp Y John L M Irby Democratic Wade Hampton III Democratic data missing South Dakota Gideon C Moody Republican 1889 Incumbent lost re election Winner elected February 16 1891 10 Independent gain Winner later became a Populist nbsp Y James H Kyle Independent 75 votes Bartlett Tripp Democratic 8 votes Norman B Campbell Unknown 1 vote 10 11 Vermont Justin S Morrill Republican 1866187218781884 Incumbent re elected in 1890 nbsp Y Justin S Morrill Republican data missing Washington Watson C Squire Republican 1889 Incumbent re elected in 1891 nbsp Y Watson C Squire Republican data missing Wisconsin John C Spooner Republican 1885 Incumbent lost re election Winner elected January 28 1891 Democratic gain nbsp Y William F Vilas Democratic 61 7 John C Spooner Republican 33 8 Null vote 4 5 Election during the 52nd Congress Edit In these elections the winners were elected in 1891 after March 4 ordered by election date State Incumbent Results CandidatesSenator Party ElectoralhistoryCalifornia Class 1 George Hearst Democratic 1887 Incumbent died February 28 1891 New senator was elected March 19 1891 Republican gain nbsp Y Charles N Felton Republican data missing Florida Class 3 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect see above Predecessor re elected May 26 1891 12 Democratic gain nbsp Y Wilkinson Call Democratic data missing Virginia Class 1 John W Daniel Democratic 1887 Incumbent re elected early December 16 1891 for the term beginning March 4 1893 13 nbsp Y John W Daniel Democratic data missing Idaho Edit nbsp Senator George Shoup class 2 Idaho class 3 senator nbsp William J McConnell December 18 1890 March 3 1891 nbsp Fred Dubois March 4 1891 March 3 1897 Main article 1890 United States Senate elections in Idaho See also List of United States senators from Idaho and 1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho In July 1890 Idaho became a state In November Fred Dubois helped engineer a plan for the Idaho Legislature to effectively elect three people to the U S Senate Governor George Shoup to the class 2 seat up for election in 1894 state constitutional convention member William J McConnell to serve for the remainder of the Fifty first United States Congress ending in March 1891 and Dubois himself to succeed McConnell and serve a full six year term in the class 3 seat beginning in March 1891 Maryland EditSee also List of United States senators from Maryland This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2022 1890 United States Senate election in Maryland 1884 January 1890 1892 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly nbsp Candidate Ephraim King Wilson IIParty DemocraticLegislative vote Percentage Ephraim King Wilson II was re elected by an unknown margin of votes for the Class 3 seat 14 New York Edit nbsp Senator David B HillMain article 1891 United States Senate election in New York See also List of United States senators from New York and 1890 United States House of Representatives elections in New York The New York election was held January 20 and 21 1891 by the New York State Legislature Republican William M Evarts had been elected to this seat in 1885 and his term would expire on March 3 1891 At the State election in November 1889 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats were elected for a two year term 1890 1891 in the State Senate At the State election in November 1890 68 Democrats and 60 Republicans were elected for the session of 1891 to the Assembly The 114th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to April 30 1891 at Albany New York The Democratic caucus met on January 19 74 State legislators attended and State Senator John C Jacobs presided Governor David B Hill was nominated by acclamation The Republican caucus met immediately after the Democratic caucus ended Assemblyman James W Husted presided They re nominated the incumbent U S Senator William M Evarts unanimously On January 20 both Houses of the State legislature took ballots separately The incumbent U S Senator Evarts was the choice of the State Senate Governor Hill the choice of the Assembly On January 21 both Houses met in joint session and comparing nominations found that they disagreed and proceeded to a joint ballot Governor Hill was elected by a majority of 2 every member of the Legislature being present House Democratic RepublicanState Senate 32 members David B Hill 13 nbsp Y William M Evarts 19State Assembly 128 members nbsp Y David B Hill 65 William M Evarts 58Joint ballot 160 members nbsp Y David B Hill 81 William M Evarts 79The seat became vacant on March 4 1891 David B Hill remained in office as Governor of New York until December 31 1891 and took his seat only on January 7 1892 missing actually only one month of session There were no special sessions during the 52nd United States Congress and the regular session began only on December 7 1891 Hill served a single term and remained in the U S Senate until March 3 1897 In January 1897 Hill was defeated for re election by Republican Thomas C Platt who had been a U S Senator briefly in 1881 Pennsylvania Edit nbsp Senator J Donald CameronMain article 1891 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania See also List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania election was held on January 20 1891 J Donald Cameron was re elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate 15 The Pennsylvania General Assembly consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate convened on January 20 1891 Incumbent Republican J Donald Cameron who was elected in an 1877 special election and re elected in 1879 and 1885 was a successful candidate for re election to another term The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows State Legislature Results 15 Party Candidate Votes Republican J Donald Cameron Incumbent 144 56 69Democratic Chauncey F Black 94 37 01Republican Austin L Taggart 7 2 76Republican Theodore L Flood 3 1 18Democratic J C Sibley 1 0 39Republican Harry White 1 0 39N A Not voting 4 1 57Totals 254 100 00 See also Edit1890 United States elections 1890 United States House of Representatives elections 51st United States Congress 52nd United States CongressNotes Edit as Republican Conference Chair as Democratic Caucus ChairReferences Edit 17th Amendment to the U S Constitution Direct Election of U S Senators 1913 National Archives and Records Administration February 8 2022 a b Congressional Series of United States Public Documents Government Printing Office 1893 p 64 a b Taft et al p 727 a b c d e f g Goodspeed Weston Arthur 1904 Iowa Nebraska Wyoming University of California p 382 via Google Books RICHARD J OGLESBY THE NOMINEE Chicago Daily Tribune 1872 1922 Chicago Ill Chicago Ill 16 Jan 1891 4 a b c d Newcombe Alfred W 1946 Alson J Streeter An Agrarian Liberal Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society Vol 39 no 1 University of Illinois Press pp 68 95 via JSTOR a b Clark p 221 Wilcox Henry S ed March 5 1890 Election of U S Senator Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives 23 1 158 168 Retrieved September 30 2022 Taylor amp Taylor p 111 vol II a b SENATOR JAMES H KYLE The New York Times February 17 1891 p 5 Proceedings of the House of Representatives Legislative session State of South Dakota Published under the direction and authority of the Legislature 1923 CALL DECLARED ELECTED The New York Times May 26 1891 p 1 Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia 1891 1892 p 135 Retrieved March 11 2020 Our Campaigns MD US Senate Race Jan 00 1890 www ourcampaigns com Retrieved 2022 11 05 a b U S Senate Election 20 January 1891 PDF Wilkes University Retrieved December 22 2013 Further reading EditByrd Robert C October 1 1993 Wolff Wendy ed The Senate 1789 1989 Historical Statistics 1789 1992 United States Senate Historical Office volume 4 Bicentennial ed Washington D C U S Government Printing Office ISBN 9780160632563 Clark Dan Elbert 1913 History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa Iowa City Iowa a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Cox Harold January 31 2007 Pennsylvania Election Statistics 1682 2006 The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project Wilkes University Taft George S Furber George P Buck George M Webb Charles A Pierce Herbert R 1913 Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1913 U S Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections Washington D C U S Government Printing Office Taylor William Alexander Taylor Aubrey Clarence 1899 Ohio statesmen and annals of progress from the year 1788 to the year 1900 State of Ohio Members of the 52nd United States Congress EXIT DAVID BENNETT HILL PDF The New York Times January 20 1891 The headline expresses the erroneous belief that Hill after his election would resign the governorship and go to Washington D C HILL S FRIENDS NERVOUS PDF The New York Times January 21 1891 HILL S MAJORITY OF TWO PDF The New York Times January 22 1891 Party Division in the Senate 1789 Present via Senate gov Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1890 91 United States Senate elections amp oldid 1166863774, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
