1870–71 United States House of Representatives elections
August 22, 2023
The 1870–71 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 6, 1870 and October 6, 1871. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before or after the first session of the 42nd United States Congress convened on March 4, 1871. They occurred in the middle of PresidentUlysses S. Grant's first term. Elections were held for all 243 seats, representing 37 states.
1870–71 United States House of Representatives elections
With Grant's administration rocked by a number of scandals (including a shady deal for gold speculation that led to a crash in the market and several business deals that saw high-ranking governmental officials gain kickbacks) and Reconstruction winding down, his Republican Party lost seats to the opposition Democratic Party but retained an overall majority. Also, since white-supremacist governments controlled by the Democratic Party were reestablishing themselves in some portions of the South, the Democrats were able to make huge gains in this election.
Results shaded according to winning candidates share of popular vote
Election dates
In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.[1] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In 1870, there remained 12 States that held elections before Election Day, and 4 that held it after at this time:
Early elections:
December 1, 1869: Mississippi (Mississippi was a special case, having held elections for both the 41st Congress upon readmission and for the 42nd Congress on the same day)
^Majority of states held elections on November 8, 1870 (i.e. Election Day).
^ Note that Dubin (p. 221) records 9–10 "Conservatives", and approximately 94 Democrats, as being elected to the 42nd Congress. This contrasts with Martis (pp. 124–125) which offers no separate accounting of "Conservatives" from Democrats and thus records a total of 104 Democratic members of the 42nd Congress.
^"ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
^"MT Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
^"NM Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
^"UT Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
^"WA Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
^"WY Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
Bibliography
Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
August 22, 2023
1870, united, states, house, representatives, elections, were, held, various, dates, various, states, between, june, 1870, october, 1871, each, state, date, elections, house, representatives, before, after, first, session, 42nd, united, states, congress, conve. The 1870 71 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 6 1870 and October 6 1871 Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before or after the first session of the 42nd United States Congress convened on March 4 1871 They occurred in the middle of President Ulysses S Grant s first term Elections were held for all 243 seats representing 37 states 1870 71 United States House of Representatives elections 1868 amp 1869 June 6 1870 October 6 1871 a 1872 amp 1873 All 243 seats in the United States House of Representatives122 seats needed for a majority Majority party Minority party Leader James G Blaine Fernando WoodParty Republican DemocraticLeader s seat Maine 3rd New York 9thLast election 171 seats 61 seatsSeats won 136 94 b Seat change 35 33Popular vote 2 719 276 2 441 956Percentage 49 59 44 53 Swing 2 22 0 40 Third party Fourth party Party Conservative Liberal RepublicanLast election 6 seats New PartySeats won 10 2Seat change 4 2Popular vote 160 295 55 551Percentage 2 92 1 01 Swing 0 27 Pre creation Fifth party Party IndependentLast election 0 seatsSeats won 1 c Seat change 1Popular vote 98 591Percentage 1 80 Swing 0 81 Map of U S House elections results from 1870 elections for 42nd CongressSpeaker before electionJames G BlaineRepublican Elected Speaker James G BlaineRepublicanWith Grant s administration rocked by a number of scandals including a shady deal for gold speculation that led to a crash in the market and several business deals that saw high ranking governmental officials gain kickbacks and Reconstruction winding down his Republican Party lost seats to the opposition Democratic Party but retained an overall majority Also since white supremacist governments controlled by the Democratic Party were reestablishing themselves in some portions of the South the Democrats were able to make huge gains in this election Contents 1 Election summaries 2 Election dates 3 Special elections 4 Alabama 5 Arizona Territory 6 Arkansas 7 California 8 Colorado Territory 9 Connecticut 10 Dakota Territory 11 Delaware 12 District of Columbia 13 Florida 14 Georgia 15 Idaho Territory 16 Illinois 17 Indiana 18 Iowa 19 Kansas 20 Kentucky 21 Louisiana 22 Maine 23 Maryland 24 Massachusetts 25 Michigan 26 Minnesota 27 Missouri 28 Montana Territory 29 Nebraska 30 Nevada 31 New Hampshire 32 New Jersey 33 New York 34 North Carolina 35 New Mexico Territory 36 Ohio 37 Oregon 38 Pennsylvania 39 Rhode Island 40 South Carolina 41 Tennessee 42 Texas 43 Utah Territory 44 Vermont 45 Virginia 46 Washington Territory 47 West Virginia 48 Wisconsin 49 Wyoming Territory 50 Non voting delegates 51 See also 52 Notes 53 References 54 Bibliography 55 External linksElection summaries Edit 104 139Democratic RepublicanState Type Totalseats Democratic RepublicanSeats Change Seats ChangeMississippi d e District 5 0 5 Alabama District 6 3 1 3 1Arkansas District 3 1 2 California f District 3 0 2 3 2Connecticut f District 4 1 3 Delaware At large 1 1 0 Florida At large 1 1 1 0 1Georgia District 7 4 3 Illinois District 1 at large 14 6 2 8 2Indiana d District 11 5 1 6 1Iowa d District 6 0 6 Kansas At large 1 0 1 Kentucky District 9 9 0 Louisiana District 5 0 5 Maine d District 5 0 5 Maryland District 5 5 0 Massachusetts District 10 0 10 Michigan District 6 1 1 5 1Minnesota District 2 0 1 2 1Missouri District 9 4 2 5 g 2Nebraska d At large 1 0 1 Nevada At large 1 1 1 0 1New Hampshire f District 3 3 3 0 3New Jersey District 5 2 1 3 1New York District 31 16 3 15 3North Carolina d District 7 5 4 2 4Ohio d District 19 5 1 14 1Oregon d At large 1 1 0 Pennsylvania d District 24 11 3 13 h 3Rhode Island District 2 0 2 South Carolina d District 4 0 4 Tennessee District 8 6 6 2 6Texas f District 4 4 3 0 3Vermont d District 3 0 3 Virginia District 8 5 5 i 3 West Virginia d District 3 2 2 1 2Wisconsin District 6 2 1 4 1Total 243 10442 8 37 139 j 57 2 32Popular voteConservative 2 92 Democratic 44 53 Independent 1 80 Lib Republican 1 01 Republican 49 59 Others 0 15 House seatsConservative 4 08 Democratic 38 37 Independent 0 41 Lib Republican 0 82 Republican 56 33 The previous election included 5 Conservatives Results shaded according to winning candidates share of popular voteElection dates EditIn 1845 Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors 1 This law did not affect election dates for Congress which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments but over time the States moved their congressional elections to this date as well In 1870 there remained 12 States that held elections before Election Day and 4 that held it after at this time Early elections December 1 1869 Mississippi Mississippi was a special case having held elections for both the 41st Congress upon readmission and for the 42nd Congress on the same day June 6 Oregon August 4 North Carolina September 6 Vermont September 12 Maine October 11 Indiana Iowa Nebraska Ohio Pennsylvania October 25 West Virginia November 1 South Carolina Late elections March 14 1871 New Hampshire April 4 1871 Connecticut August 6 1871 Montana Territory September 6 1871 California October 6 1871 TexasSpecial elections EditDistrict Incumbent This raceMember Party First elected Results CandidatesIowa 2Michigan 4South Carolina 1Wisconsin 2 Benjamin F Hopkins Republican 1866 Incumbent died January 1 1870 New member elected February 15 1870 Republican hold Y David Atwood Republican 86 0 Jared Comstock Gregory Democratic 5 6 George Baldwin Smith Independent Democratic 1 7 Scattering 6 7 2 Alabama EditSee also List of United States representatives from AlabamaArizona Territory EditSee Non voting delegates below Arkansas EditSee also List of United States representatives from Arkansas District Incumbent This raceMember Party First elected Results CandidatesArkansas 1 Logan Roots Republican 1868 Incumbent defeated New member elected Democratic Gain Y James M Hanks Democratic 61 4 Logan Roots Republican 38 7 3 Arkansas 2 Anthony A C Rogers Democratic 1868 Incumbent defeated New member elected Republican Gain Y Oliver P Snyder Republican 59 1 Anthony A C Rogers Democratic 41 0 3 Arkansas 3 Thomas Boles Republican 1868 Incumbent defeated New member elected Democratic Gain Y John Edwards Republican 53 7 Thomas Boles Republican 46 3 3 California EditCalifornia elections 1868 September 6 1871 1872 3 seats Majority party Minority party Party Republican DemocraticLast election 1 2Seats won 3 0Seat change 2 2Popular vote 62 539 57 065Percentage 52 3 47 7 Republican hold Republican gainMain article 1871 United States House of Representatives elections in California See also List of United States representatives from California District Incumbent This raceMember Party First elected Results CandidatesCalifornia 1 Samuel Beach Axtell Democratic 1867 Incumbent retired New member elected Republican Gain Y Sherman O Houghton Republican 51 6 Lawrence Archer Democratic 48 4 California 2 Aaron Sargent Republican 1868 Incumbent re elected Y Aaron Sargent Republican 54 James W Coffroth Democratic 46 California 3 James A Johnson Democratic 1867 Incumbent retired New member elected Republican Gain Y John M Coghlan Republican 51 7 George Pearce Democratic 48 3 Colorado Territory EditSee Non voting delegates below Connecticut EditSee also List of United States representatives from AlabamaDakota Territory EditSee Non voting delegates below Delaware EditSee also List of United States representatives from DelawareDistrict of Columbia EditSee Non voting delegates below Florida EditFlorida election 1868 November 8 1870 Election Day 1872 1 seat Majority party Minority party Party Republican DemocraticLast election 1 0Seats won 1 4 0 4 Seat change Popular vote 12 439 11 812Percentage 51 3 48 7 Main article 1870 United States House of Representatives election in Florida See also List of United States representatives from Florida District Incumbent This raceMember Party First elected Results CandidatesFlorida at large Charles M Hamilton Republican 1868 Incumbent retired New member elected Republican hold Y Josiah T Walls Republican 51 3 Silas L Niblack Democratic 48 7 Niblack subsequently successfully challenged Walls s election and was seated from Florida s at large district on January 29 1873 5 Georgia EditSee also List of United States representatives from GeorgiaIdaho Territory EditSee Non voting delegates below Illinois EditSee also List of United States representatives from IllinoisIndiana EditSee also List of United States representatives from IndianaIowa EditSee also List of United States representatives from IowaKansas EditSee also List of United States representatives from KansasKentucky EditSee also List of United States representatives from KentuckyLouisiana EditSee also List of United States representatives from LouisianaMaine EditSee also List of United States representatives from MaineMaryland EditSee also List of United States representatives from MarylandMassachusetts EditSee also List of United States representatives from MassachusettsMichigan EditSee also List of United States representatives from MichiganMinnesota EditSee also List of United States representatives from MinnesotaMissouri EditSee also List of United States representatives from MissouriMontana Territory EditSee Non voting delegates below Nebraska EditSee also List of United States representatives from Nebraska District Incumbent This raceMember Party First elected Results CandidatesNebraska at large John Taffe Republican 1866 Incumbent re elected Y John Taffe Republican 60 84 George B Lake Democratic 42 00 6 Nevada EditSee also List of United States representatives from NevadaNew Hampshire EditSee also List of United States representatives from New HampshireNew Jersey EditSee also List of United States representatives from New JerseyNew York EditSee also List of United States representatives from New YorkNorth Carolina EditSee also List of United States representatives from North CarolinaNew Mexico Territory EditSee Non voting delegates below Ohio EditSee also List of United States representatives from Ohio District Incumbent This raceMember Party First elected Results Candidates 7 Ohio 1 Peter W Strader Democratic 1868 Incumbent retired New member elected Republican gain Y Aaron F Perry Republican 52 4 Milton Sayler Democratic 47 6 Ohio 2 Job E Stevenson Republican 1868 Incumbent re elected Y Job E Stevenson Republican 54 5 Samuel F Cary Democratic 45 5 Ohio 3 Robert C Schenck Republican 1862 Incumbent lost re election New member elected Democratic gain Y Lewis D Campbell Democratic 50 1 Robert C Schenck Republican 49 9 Ohio 4 William Lawrence Republican 1864 Incumbent retired New member elected Democratic gain Y John F McKinney Democratic 50 5 William B McClung Republican 49 5 Ohio 5 William Mungen Democratic 1866 Incumbent retired New member elected Democratic hold Y Charles N Lamison Democratic 57 4 John B Clark Republican 42 6 Ohio 6 John Armstrong Smith Republican 1868 Incumbent re elected Y John Armstrong Smith Republican 50 8 James W Denver Democratic 49 2 Ohio 7 James J Winans Republican 1868 Incumbent lost renomination New member elected Republican hold Y Samuel Shellabarger Republican 52 8 Hugh J Jewett Democratic 47 2 Ohio 8 John Beatty Republican 1868 Special Incumbent re elected Y John Beatty Republican 52 9 James Randolph Hubbell Democratic 47 1 Ohio 9 Edward F Dickinson Democratic 1868 Incumbent lost re election New member elected Republican gain Y Charles Foster Republican 51 5 Edward F Dickinson Democratic 48 5 Ohio 10 Erasmus D Peck Republican 1870 Special Incumbent re elected Y Erasmus D Peck Republican 52 5 William F Lockwood Democratic 47 5 Ohio 11 John Thomas Wilson Republican 1866 Incumbent re elected Y John Thomas Wilson Republican 52 4 Ralph Leete Democratic 47 6 Ohio 12 Philadelph Van Trump Democratic 1866 Incumbent re elected Y Philadelph Van Trump Democratic 57 9 Charles Elwood Brown Republican 42 1 Ohio 13 George W Morgan Democratic 1868 Incumbent re elected Y George W Morgan Democratic 54 1 Charles W Potwin Republican 45 9 Ohio 14 Martin Welker Republican 1864 Incumbent retired New member elected Republican hold Y James Monroe Republican 51 5 Lyman R Critchfield Democratic 48 5 Ohio 15 Eliakim H Moore Republican 1868 Incumbent retired New member elected Republican hold Y William P Sprague Republican 51 6 John Cartwright Democratic 48 4 Ohio 16 John Bingham Republican 1864 Incumbent re elected Y John Bingham Republican 52 4 Robert A Chambers Democratic 47 6 Ohio 17 Jacob A Ambler Republican 1868 Incumbent re elected Y Jacob A Ambler Republican 55 1 John Ball Republican 44 9 Ohio 18 William H Upson Republican 1868 Incumbent re elected Y William H Upson Republican 62 2 John M Coffinberry Democratic 37 8 Ohio 19 James A Garfield Republican 1862 Incumbent re elected Y James A Garfield Republican 65 1 William Howard Democratic 34 9 Oregon EditSee also List of United States representatives from OregonPennsylvania EditSee also List of United States representatives from PennsylvaniaRhode Island EditSee also List of United States representatives from Rhode IslandSouth Carolina EditSee also List of United States representatives from South CarolinaTennessee EditSee also List of United States representatives from Tennessee District Incumbent This raceMember Party First elected Results CandidatesTennessee 1 Roderick R Butler Republican 1867 Incumbent re elected Y Roderick R Butler Republican 47 05 James White Democratic 42 72 Nathaniel G Taylor Independent Republican 10 23 8 Tennessee 2 Horace Maynard Republican 1865 Incumbent re elected Y Horace Maynard Republican 51 49 A Blizard Democratic 48 51 9 Tennessee 3 William B Stokes Republican 1865 Incumbent lost re election New member elected Democratic gain Y Abraham E Garrett Democratic 69 73 William B Stokes Republican 30 27 10 Tennessee 4 Lewis Tillman Republican 1868 Incumbent retired New member elected Democratic gain Y John M Bright Democratic 86 52 James Mullins Republican 13 48 11 Tennessee 5 William F Prosser Republican 1868 Incumbent lost re election New member elected Democratic gain Y Edward I Golladay Democratic 47 16 William F Prosser Republican 32 04 Balie Peyton Independent Democratic 20 80 12 Tennessee 6 Samuel M Arnell Republican 1865 Incumbent retired New member elected Democratic gain Y Washington C Whitthorne Democratic 67 78 T J Cypert Republican 21 52 J B Frierson Republican 10 70 13 Tennessee 7 Isaac R Hawkins Republican 1865 Incumbent retired New member elected Democratic gain Y Robert P Caldwell Democratic 81 66 John Norman Republican 18 34 14 Tennessee 8 William J Smith Republican 1868 Incumbent lost re election New member elected Democratic gain Y William W Vaughan Democratic 61 83 William J Smith Republican 23 63 E Shaw Independent Republican 14 54 15 Texas EditSee also List of United States representatives from TexasUtah Territory EditSee Non voting delegates below Vermont EditSee also List of United States representatives from VermontVirginia EditSee also List of United States representatives from VirginiaWashington Territory EditSee Non voting delegates below West Virginia EditSee also List of United States representatives from West Virginia District Incumbent This raceMember Party First elected Results CandidatesWest Virginia 1 Isaac H Duval Republican 1868 Incumbent retired New member elected Democratic gain Y John J Davis Democratic 52 39 Nathan Goff Jr Republican 47 61 16 West Virginia 2 James McGrew Republican 1868 Incumbent re elected Y James McGrew Republican 52 67 O P Downey Democratic 47 33 17 West Virginia 3 John Witcher Republican 1868 Incumbent lost re election New member elected Democratic gain Y Frank Hereford Democratic 54 85 John Witcher Republican 45 15 18 Wisconsin EditSee also List of United States representatives from Wisconsin Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day November 8 1870 District Incumbent This raceMember Party First elected Results CandidatesWisconsin 1 Halbert E Paine Republican 1864 Incumbent retired New member elected Democratic gain Y Alexander Mitchell Democratic 57 5 William P Lyon Republican 42 5 Wisconsin 2 David Atwood Republican 1870 Special Incumbent retired New member elected Republican hold Y Gerry Whiting Hazelton Republican 54 5 Amasa G Cook Democratic 45 5 Wisconsin 3 Amasa Cobb Republican 1862 Incumbent retired New member elected Republican hold Y J Allen Barber Republican 58 5 John Strachan Democratic 41 5 Wisconsin 4 Charles A Eldredge Democratic 1862 Incumbent re elected Y Charles A Eldredge Democratic 62 4 Jerome Anthony Watrous Republican 37 6 Wisconsin 5 Philetus Sawyer Republican 1864 Incumbent re elected Y Philetus Sawyer Republican 59 3 Joseph Stringham Democratic 40 7 Wisconsin 6 Cadwallader C Washburn Republican 1866 Incumbent retired New member elected Republican hold Y Jeremiah McLain Rusk Republican 61 3 Alexander Meggett Democratic 38 7 Wyoming Territory EditSee Non voting delegates below Non voting delegates EditSee also Non voting members of the United States House of Representatives District Incumbent This raceDelegate Party First elected Results CandidatesArizona Territory at large Richard C McCormick Republican 1869 Incumbent re elected Y Richard C McCormick Republican 100 19 Colorado Territory at large Allen A Bradford Republican 1868 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost renomination New delegate elected Republican hold Y Jerome B Chaffee Republican 56 05 FNU Miller 43 95 20 Dakota Territory at large Solomon L Spink Republican 1868 Incumbent lost re election as a Democrat New delegate elected Independent Democratic gain Y Moses K Armstrong Independent Democratic 34 27 Walter A Burleigh Republican 34 09 Solomon L Spink Republican 31 64 21 District of Columbia at large New district New seat New delegate elected in 1871 Republican gain Y Norton P Chipman Republican data unknown missing 22 Idaho Territory at large Jacob K Shafer Democratic 1868 Incumbent lost renomination New member elected Democratic hold Samuel A Merritt Democratic 59 24 T J Butler Republican 40 74 J L Butler Independent 0 02 23 Montana Territory at large James M Cavanaugh Democratic 1859 Minnesota 1861 Lost 1868 Incumbent lost renomination New delegate elected delegate August 7 1871 Republican hold Y William H Clagett Republican 52 04 Edwin W Toole Democratic 47 96 24 New Mexico Territory at large Jose F Chaves Republican 1868 Incumbent lost re election New member elected Democratic gain Jose M Gallegos Democratic 100 Jose F Chaves Republican 0 25 Utah Territory at large William H Hooper Democratic 1864 Incumbent re elected William H Hooper Democratic 93 75 George R Maxwell Republican 6 25 26 Washington Territory at large Selucius Garfielde Republican 1868 Incumbent re elected June 6 1870 Y Selucius Garfielde Republican 54 56 James D Mix Democratic 43 00 Marshall Blinn Independent Republican 2 44 27 Wyoming Territory at large Stephen F Nuckolls Democratic 1869 Incumbent retired New member elected Republican gain Y William T Jones Republican 52 13 John Wanless Democratic 45 03 FNU Murrin Independent Democratic 2 85 28 See also Edit1870 United States elections 1870 71 United States Senate elections 41st United States Congress 42nd United States CongressNotes Edit Majority of states held elections on November 8 1870 i e Election Day Note that Dubin p 221 records 9 10 Conservatives and approximately 94 Democrats as being elected to the 42nd Congress This contrasts with Martis pp 124 125 which offers no separate accounting of Conservatives from Democrats and thus records a total of 104 Democratic members of the 42nd Congress Includes 1 Independent Republican a b c d e f g h i j k l Elections held early Elections held at the same time as elections for 41st Congress a b c d Elections held late Includes 2 Liberal Republicans Gustavus A Finkelnburg elected to Missouri s 2nd district and James G Blair elected to Missouri s 8th district Includes 1 Independent Republican John V Creely elected to Pennsylvania s 2nd district Previous election had 5 Conservatives Includes 2 Liberal Republicans and 1 Independent Republican References Edit Statutes at Large 28th Congress 2nd Session p 721 Wisconsin U S House Election Results PDF Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs Archived from the original PDF on April 5 2012 Retrieved August 27 2014 a b c Guide to U S Elections Vol II 6th ed Washington D C CQ Press 2010 p 1046 ISBN 9781604265361 LCCN 2009033938 OCLC 430736650 a b Initial result Democratic candidate successfully challenged Republican victory Forty Second Congress membership roster PDF Archived from the original PDF on March 9 2013 Retrieved June 4 2016 Our Campaigns NE District 01 Race Oct 11 1870 www ourcampaigns com Retrieved September 19 2021 Smith Joseph P ed 1898 History of the Republican Party in Ohio Vol I Chicago the Lewis Publishing Company pp 277 278 TN District 01 Our Campaigns Retrieved February 19 2021 TN District 02 Our Campaigns Retrieved February 19 2021 TN District 03 Our Campaigns Retrieved February 19 2021 TN District 04 Our Campaigns Retrieved February 19 2021 TN District 05 Our Campaigns Retrieved February 19 2021 TN District 06 Our Campaigns Retrieved February 19 2021 TN District 07 Our Campaigns Retrieved February 19 2021 TN District 08 Our Campaigns Retrieved February 19 2021 WV District 01 Our Campaigns Retrieved April 15 2021 WV District 02 Our Campaigns Retrieved April 15 2021 WV District 03 Our Campaigns Retrieved April 15 2021 AZ Territorial Delegate Our Campaigns Retrieved March 5 2021 CO Territorial Delegate Our Campaigns Retrieved March 5 2021 DK Territorial Delegate Our Campaigns Retrieved March 5 2021 DC Delegate Initial Election Our Campaigns Retrieved March 5 2021 ID Territorial Delegate Our Campaigns Retrieved March 5 2021 MT Territorial Delegate Our Campaigns Retrieved March 5 2021 NM Territorial Delegate Our Campaigns Retrieved March 5 2021 UT Territorial Delegate Our Campaigns Retrieved March 5 2021 WA Territorial Delegate Our Campaigns Retrieved March 5 2021 WY Territorial Delegate Our Campaigns Retrieved March 5 2021 Bibliography EditDubin Michael J March 1 1998 United States Congressional Elections 1788 1997 The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses McFarland and Company ISBN 978 0786402830 Martis Kenneth C January 1 1989 The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress 1789 1989 Macmillan Publishing Company ISBN 978 0029201701 Moore John L ed 1994 Congressional Quarterly s Guide to U S Elections Third ed Congressional Quarterly Inc ISBN 978 0871879967 Party Divisions of the House of Representatives 1789 Present Office of the Historian House of United States House of Representatives Retrieved January 21 2015 External links EditOffice of the Historian Office of Art amp Archives Office of the Clerk U S House of Representatives Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1870 71 United States House of Representatives elections amp oldid 1165550291 32 and 1871 United States House of Representatives elections Texas, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
