The 1861 Mendoza earthquake occurred in the province of Mendoza, Argentina on 20 March at 11:30 PM. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.2 on the Ms scale and an intensity of IX–X on the Mercalli scale. Its hypocenter was located at an estimated depth of 30 kilometres (19 mi).
1861 Mendoza earthquake
Ruins in the Plaza Pedro del Castillo in the city of Mendoza after the 1861 earthquake.
The city of Mendoza lies just to the east of the Precordillera structural belt, at the eastern margin of the Andes mountain belt. The ongoing flat slab subduction of the Nazca Plate below the South American Plate is causing shortening in the over-riding plate that is concentrated in the Precordillera belt, with a rate of 4.5±1.7 mm per year, from GPS data. This shortening is expressed as activethrust faulting. The two active thrust faults near Mendoza are the Peñas Thrust and the Cal Thrust, with the latter reaching the surface inside the city. This zone is one of the most seismically active parts of the Andes.[2]
Earthquakeedit
The earthquake is thought to have been caused by rupture of the Cal Thrust. The estimated magnitude of 7.2 Ms is consistent with the estimated slip rate and frequency of ruptures along this fault, which suggest vertical offsets in the range 0.8–1.0 m for the last three to four earthquakes.[2]
Damageedit
The earthquake devastated the provincial capital, Mendoza, killing somewhere in the range of 6,000 to 12,000 people,[4][3] although even higher numbers have been suggested, with thousands more being injured.[5] Most of the buildings were destroyed, including the cabildo (colonial government house). Fires caused by rupturing of the gas supply for lighting in some stores lasted for four days. The obstruction of canals led to local flooding.[3] The effects of liquefaction were widely reported and many large landslides were observed.[6]
The town was rebuilt in a nearby location, and the authorities moved to their new seat in 1863. The new constructions, which incorporated modern architectural styles, were markedly different from the old colonial buildings.
^Ceresis. (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
^ abcdSchmidt, S.; Hetzel, R.; Mingorance, F.; Ramos, V.A. (2011). "Coseismic displacements and Holocene slip rates for two active thrust faults at the mountain front of the Andean Precordillera (~33°S)". Tectonics. 30 (5). Bibcode:2011Tecto..30.5011S. doi:10.1029/2011TC002932.
^ abcMoreiras, S.M.; Páez, M.S. (2015). "Historical damage and earthquake environmental effects related to shallow intraplate seismicity of central western Argentina". In Sepúlveda, S.A.; Giambiagi, L.B.; Moreiras, S.M.; Pinto, L.; Tunik, M.; Hoke, G.D.; Farías, M. (eds.). Geodynamic Processes in the Andes of Central Chile and Argentina. Special Publication. Vol. 399. Geological Society, London. doi:10.1144/SP399.6. ISBN9781862396531. S2CID 128901206.
^. www.inpres.gov.ar. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
^National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
^Perucca, L.P.; Moreiras, S.M. (2006). "Liquefaction phenomena associated with historical earthquakes in San Juan and Mendoza Provinces, Argentina". Quaternary International. 158 (1): 96–109. Bibcode:2006QuInt.158...96P. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2006.05.023.
(in Spanish) Epicentro de los terremotos destructivos en Argentina (1692–2012) Listado de Terremotos Históricos.
Further readingedit
Dauer, Quinn P. (2012). Natural Disasters and Comparative State-Formation and Nation-Building: Earthquakes in Argentina and Chile (1822–1939) (PhD). Florida International University. doi:10.25148/etd.FI12120403 – via FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations.
January 01, 1970
1861, mendoza, earthquake, occurred, province, mendoza, argentina, march, estimated, magnitude, scale, intensity, mercalli, scale, hypocenter, located, estimated, depth, kilometres, ruins, plaza, pedro, castillo, city, mendoza, after, 1861, earthquake, time186. The 1861 Mendoza earthquake occurred in the province of Mendoza Argentina on 20 March at 11 30 PM It had an estimated magnitude of 7 2 on the Ms scale and an intensity of IX X on the Mercalli scale Its hypocenter was located at an estimated depth of 30 kilometres 19 mi 1861 Mendoza earthquakeRuins in the Plaza Pedro del Castillo in the city of Mendoza after the 1861 earthquake UTC time1861 03 20Local dateMarch 20 1861 1861 03 20 Local time11 30 PMMagnitude7 2 MsDepth30 km 19 mi Epicenter32 32 S 68 32 W 32 54 S 68 54 W 32 54 68 54 1 FaultCal Fault 2 TypeThrust fault 2 Areas affectedArgentina Mendoza ProvinceMax intensityMMI IX Violent LandslidesyesCasualties6 000 12 000 3 Contents 1 Tectonic setting 2 Earthquake 3 Damage 4 Notable deaths 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingTectonic setting editThe city of Mendoza lies just to the east of the Precordillera structural belt at the eastern margin of the Andes mountain belt The ongoing flat slab subduction of the Nazca Plate below the South American Plate is causing shortening in the over riding plate that is concentrated in the Precordillera belt with a rate of 4 5 1 7 mm per year from GPS data This shortening is expressed as active thrust faulting The two active thrust faults near Mendoza are the Penas Thrust and the Cal Thrust with the latter reaching the surface inside the city This zone is one of the most seismically active parts of the Andes 2 Earthquake editThe earthquake is thought to have been caused by rupture of the Cal Thrust The estimated magnitude of 7 2 Ms is consistent with the estimated slip rate and frequency of ruptures along this fault which suggest vertical offsets in the range 0 8 1 0 m for the last three to four earthquakes 2 Damage editThe earthquake devastated the provincial capital Mendoza killing somewhere in the range of 6 000 to 12 000 people 4 3 although even higher numbers have been suggested with thousands more being injured 5 Most of the buildings were destroyed including the cabildo colonial government house Fires caused by rupturing of the gas supply for lighting in some stores lasted for four days The obstruction of canals led to local flooding 3 The effects of liquefaction were widely reported and many large landslides were observed 6 The town was rebuilt in a nearby location and the authorities moved to their new seat in 1863 The new constructions which incorporated modern architectural styles were markedly different from the old colonial buildings Notable deaths editAuguste BravardSee also editList of earthquakes in Argentina List of historical earthquakesReferences edit Ceresis Consulta al Catalogo de Hipocentros 1520 1981 search page in Spanish Archived from the original on 20 July 2011 Retrieved 1 March 2011 a b c d Schmidt S Hetzel R Mingorance F Ramos V A 2011 Coseismic displacements and Holocene slip rates for two active thrust faults at the mountain front of the Andean Precordillera 33 S Tectonics 30 5 Bibcode 2011Tecto 30 5011S doi 10 1029 2011TC002932 a b c Moreiras S M Paez M S 2015 Historical damage and earthquake environmental effects related to shallow intraplate seismicity of central western Argentina In Sepulveda S A Giambiagi L B Moreiras S M Pinto L Tunik M Hoke G D Farias M eds Geodynamic Processes in the Andes of Central Chile and Argentina Special Publication Vol 399 Geological Society London doi 10 1144 SP399 6 ISBN 9781862396531 S2CID 128901206 Historical earthquakes www inpres gov ar Archived from the original on 29 September 2011 Retrieved 13 January 2022 National Geophysical Data Center World Data Service NGDC WDS NCEI WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 1972 Significant Earthquake Information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information doi 10 7289 V5TD9V7K Retrieved 2022 03 23 Perucca L P Moreiras S M 2006 Liquefaction phenomena associated with historical earthquakes in San Juan and Mendoza Provinces Argentina Quaternary International 158 1 96 109 Bibcode 2006QuInt 158 96P doi 10 1016 j quaint 2006 05 023 in Spanish Epicentro de los terremotos destructivos en Argentina 1692 2012 Listado de Terremotos Historicos Further reading editDauer Quinn P 2012 Natural Disasters and Comparative State Formation and Nation Building Earthquakes in Argentina and Chile 1822 1939 PhD Florida International University doi 10 25148 etd FI12120403 via FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1861 Mendoza earthquake amp oldid 1214750120, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
