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149th (Northumberland) Brigade

January 01, 1970

The Northumberland Brigade was formed in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force of the British Army with four battalions of the Northumberland Fusiliers. The brigade was numbered as 149th (Northumberland) Brigade in 1915 and served with the 50th (Northumbrian) Division on the Western Front throughout World War I. Due to losses suffered in the Ludendorf Offensive in 1918, it had to be comprehensively reorganized. Reformed as the Northumberland Brigade post-war, it was broken up before the outbreak of World War II.

History edit

Formation edit

Under the terms of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw. 7, c.9), the Northumberland Brigade was formed in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force (TF). It was Headquartered in Newcastle upon Tyne and consisted of four infantry battalions of the Northumberland Fusiliers and a Transport and Supply Company:

4th Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers (T.F.) – HQ at Hexham
5th Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers (T.F.) – HQ at Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne
6th Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers (T.F.) – HQ at Northumberland Road, Newcastle upon Tyne
7th Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers (T.F.) – HQ at Alnwick
Northumberland Brigade Company, ASC (T.F.) – at Newcastle upon Tyne

It was assigned to the Northumbrian Division.[1]

World War I edit

 
Brigadier-General Robert Montgomery Ovens, commanding the 149th Brigade, 50th Division, examining a German Pickelhaube brought in by a tommy of the 1/5th Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers. Toutencourt, October 1916.

The brigade was mobilized on the outbreak of the war and posted to the Tyne Defences. The battalions were given fractional designations (e.g. 1/4th Battalion) with the formation of the 2nd Line battalions in 1914.[a] In April 1915, the brigade was posted to France and on 14 May was redesignated as 149th (Northumberland) Brigade (the division became 50th (Northumbrian) Division).[3]

The brigade served with the 50th Division on the Western Front for the rest of the war. In 1915, it took part in the Second Battle of Ypres and the Battle of the Somme in 1916.[4] In 1917, it took part in the Battle of Arras and the Third Battle of Ypres. As a result of the losses suffered in the Ludendorf Offensive (First Battle of the Somme and Battle of the Lys), the brigade had to be comprehensively reorganized.[5] On 15 July 1918, the Northumberland Fusiliers battalions were reduced to cadre and transferred to Lines of Communication duties;[6] they were replaced by two battalions from Salonika (3rd Royal Fusiliers ex 85th Brigade, 28th Division and 13th Black Watch ex 81st Brigade, 27th Division) and another (2nd Royal Dublin Fusiliers) that had been in France since August 1914.[7] Thereafter, it took part in the Battles of the Hindenburg Line and the Final Advance in Picardy.[5]

Order of battle edit

The brigade commanded the following units during the war:[8]

Post-war edit

The 50th Division had crossed the Sambre and reached Solre-le-Château on 10 November 1918 when it was relieved. Demobilization started in December and by 19 March 1919 the division had ceased to exist in France.[5]

The Northumbrian Division was reformed again in England on 1 April 1920[5] with the same composition as pre-war.[10] The four original battalions were reformed in the Territorial Army on 7 February 1920.[11][12][13][14]

Before the outbreak of the Second World War, the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division was reorganized as a Motor Division[15] which saw a reduction from three to two brigades.[16]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ In accordance with the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw. 7, c.9), which brought the Territorial Force into being, the TF was intended to be a home defence force for service during wartime and members could not be compelled to serve outside the country. However, on the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914, many members volunteered for Imperial Service. Therefore, TF units were split into 1st Line (liable for overseas service) and 2nd Line (home service for those unable or unwilling to serve overseas) units. 2nd Line units performed the home defence role, although in fact most of these were also posted abroad in due course. Later, a 3rd Line was formed to act as a reserve, providing trained replacements for the 1st and 2nd Line units.[2]
  2. ^ British divisions on the Western Front were reduced from a 12-battalion to a 9-battalion basis in February 1918 (brigades from four to three battalions).[9]

References edit

  1. ^ Conrad, Mark (1996). "The British Army, 1914". Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  2. ^ Baker, Chris. "The Northumberland Fusiliers". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  3. ^ Becke 1936, p. 96
  4. ^ Becke 1936, p. 99
  5. ^ a b c d Becke 1936, p. 100
  6. ^ James 1978, p. 46
  7. ^ Becke 1936, p. 98
  8. ^ Baker, Chris. "The 50th (Northumbrian) Division in 1914-1918". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  9. ^ Becke 1936, p. 95
  10. ^ Westlake 1986, p. 47
  11. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 2014-07-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  12. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 2014-07-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  13. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 2005-12-27.
  14. ^ . Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 2014-07-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  15. ^ a b Joslen 1990, p. 81
  16. ^ Joslen 1990, p. 133
  17. ^ Westlake 1986, p. 79
  18. ^ "British Northern Command on 3 September 1939". The Patriot Files. Retrieved 19 July 2014.

Bibliography edit

  • Becke, Major A.F. (1936). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 1-871167-12-4.
  • James, Brigadier E.A. (1978). British Regiments 1914–18. London: Samson Books Limited. ISBN 0-906304-03-2.
  • Joslen, Lt-Col H.F. (1990) [1st. Pub. HMSO:1960]. Orders of Battle, Second World War, 1939–1945. London: London Stamp Exchange. ISBN 0-948130-03-2.
  • Westlake, Ray (1986). The Territorial Battalions, A Pictorial History, 1859–1985. Tunbridge Wells: Spellmount.

External links edit

  • Baker, Chris. "The 50th (Northumbrian) Division in 1914-1918". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  • Baker, Chris. "The Northumberland Fusiliers". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  • . Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 2014-07-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  • Conrad, Mark (1996). "The British Army, 1914". Retrieved 11 July 2014.

January 01, 1970
149th, northumberland, brigade, northumberland, brigade, formed, 1908, part, territorial, force, british, army, with, four, battalions, northumberland, fusiliers, brigade, numbered, 1915, served, with, 50th, northumbrian, division, western, front, throughout, . The Northumberland Brigade was formed in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force of the British Army with four battalions of the Northumberland Fusiliers The brigade was numbered as 149th Northumberland Brigade in 1915 and served with the 50th Northumbrian Division on the Western Front throughout World War I Due to losses suffered in the Ludendorf Offensive in 1918 it had to be comprehensively reorganized Reformed as the Northumberland Brigade post war it was broken up before the outbreak of World War II Northumberland Brigade149th Northumberland Brigade149th BrigadeActive1908 1938Country United KingdomAllegianceBritish CrownBranch British ArmyTypeInfantrySizeBrigadePart ofNorthumbrian Division50th Northumbrian DivisionHQ peacetime Newcastle upon TyneEngagementsWestern Front World War I Second Battle of Ypres Battle of the Somme Battle of Arras 1917 Third Battle of Ypres First Battle of the Somme 1918 Battle of the Lys 1918 Battles of the Hindenburg Line Final Advance in PicardyCommandersNotablecommandersSir Geoffrey Feilding Contents 1 History 1 1 Formation 1 2 World War I 1 2 1 Order of battle 1 3 Post war 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksHistory editFormation edit Under the terms of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 7 Edw 7 c 9 the Northumberland Brigade was formed in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force TF It was Headquartered in Newcastle upon Tyne and consisted of four infantry battalions of the Northumberland Fusiliers and a Transport and Supply Company 4th Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers T F HQ at Hexham 5th Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers T F HQ at Walker Newcastle upon Tyne 6th Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers T F HQ at Northumberland Road Newcastle upon Tyne 7th Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers T F HQ at Alnwick Northumberland Brigade Company ASC T F at Newcastle upon Tyne It was assigned to the Northumbrian Division 1 World War I edit nbsp Brigadier General Robert Montgomery Ovens commanding the 149th Brigade 50th Division examining a German Pickelhaube brought in by a tommy of the 1 5th Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers Toutencourt October 1916 The brigade was mobilized on the outbreak of the war and posted to the Tyne Defences The battalions were given fractional designations e g 1 4th Battalion with the formation of the 2nd Line battalions in 1914 a In April 1915 the brigade was posted to France and on 14 May was redesignated as 149th Northumberland Brigade the division became 50th Northumbrian Division 3 The brigade served with the 50th Division on the Western Front for the rest of the war In 1915 it took part in the Second Battle of Ypres and the Battle of the Somme in 1916 4 In 1917 it took part in the Battle of Arras and the Third Battle of Ypres As a result of the losses suffered in the Ludendorf Offensive First Battle of the Somme and Battle of the Lys the brigade had to be comprehensively reorganized 5 On 15 July 1918 the Northumberland Fusiliers battalions were reduced to cadre and transferred to Lines of Communication duties 6 they were replaced by two battalions from Salonika 3rd Royal Fusiliers ex 85th Brigade 28th Division and 13th Black Watch ex 81st Brigade 27th Division and another 2nd Royal Dublin Fusiliers that had been in France since August 1914 7 Thereafter it took part in the Battles of the Hindenburg Line and the Final Advance in Picardy 5 Order of battle edit The brigade commanded the following units during the war 8 1 4th Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers reduced to cadre and left 15 July 1918 1 5th Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers reduced to cadre and left 15 July 1918 1 6th Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers reduced to cadre and left 15 July 1918 1 7th Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers left 10 February 1918 and joined 42nd East Lancashire Division as Pioneers b 1 5th Battalion Border Regiment joined 5 May 1915 left for 151st Brigade on 20 December 1915 3rd Battalion Royal Fusiliers joined 15 July 1918 13th Scottish Horse Battalion Black Watch joined 15 July 1918 2nd Battalion Royal Dublin Fusiliers joined 15 July 1918 149th Machine Gun Company formed 6 February 1916 moved to 50th Battalion Machine Gun Corps on 1 March 1918 149th Trench Mortar Battery formed 18 June 1916 Post war edit The 50th Division had crossed the Sambre and reached Solre le Chateau on 10 November 1918 when it was relieved Demobilization started in December and by 19 March 1919 the division had ceased to exist in France 5 The Northumbrian Division was reformed again in England on 1 April 1920 5 with the same composition as pre war 10 The four original battalions were reformed in the Territorial Army on 7 February 1920 11 12 13 14 Before the outbreak of the Second World War the 50th Northumbrian Infantry Division was reorganized as a Motor Division 15 which saw a reduction from three to two brigades 16 4th Battalion Royal Northumberland Fusiliers was converted to a motorcycle battalion in 1938 11 assigned to 50th Division 15 5th Battalion Royal Northumberland Fusiliers was converted to a searchlight battalion on 1 November 1938 as 5th Battalion The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers 53rd Searchlight Regiment 12 assigned to 30th Northumbrian Anti Aircraft Brigade 6th Battalion Royal Northumberland Fusiliers was converted to 43rd Battalion 6th City Battalion The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers Royal Tank Corps on 1 November 1938 13 assigned to 25th Army Tank Brigade 7th Battalion Royal Northumberland Fusiliers was converted to a machinegun battalion 17 in Northumbrian Area Northern Command 18 and the brigade ceased to exist See also edit188th 2 1st Northumberland Brigade for the 2nd Line formation British infantry brigades of the First World WarNotes edit In accordance with the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 7 Edw 7 c 9 which brought the Territorial Force into being the TF was intended to be a home defence force for service during wartime and members could not be compelled to serve outside the country However on the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914 many members volunteered for Imperial Service Therefore TF units were split into 1st Line liable for overseas service and 2nd Line home service for those unable or unwilling to serve overseas units 2nd Line units performed the home defence role although in fact most of these were also posted abroad in due course Later a 3rd Line was formed to act as a reserve providing trained replacements for the 1st and 2nd Line units 2 British divisions on the Western Front were reduced from a 12 battalion to a 9 battalion basis in February 1918 brigades from four to three battalions 9 References edit Conrad Mark 1996 The British Army 1914 Retrieved 11 July 2014 Baker Chris The Northumberland Fusiliers The Long Long Trail Retrieved 10 July 2014 Becke 1936 p 96 Becke 1936 p 99 a b c d Becke 1936 p 100 James 1978 p 46 Becke 1936 p 98 Baker Chris The 50th Northumbrian Division in 1914 1918 The Long Long Trail Retrieved 11 July 2014 Becke 1936 p 95 Westlake 1986 p 47 a b 4th Battalion The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers at regiments org by T F Mills Archived from the original on 15 July 2007 Retrieved 2014 07 12 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b 5th Battalion The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers at regiments org by T F Mills Archived from the original on 15 July 2007 Retrieved 2014 07 12 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b 6th Battalion The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers at regiments org by T F Mills Archived from the original on 15 July 2007 Retrieved 2005 12 27 7th Battalion The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers at regiments org by T F Mills Archived from the original on 15 July 2007 Retrieved 2014 07 12 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b Joslen 1990 p 81 Joslen 1990 p 133 Westlake 1986 p 79 British Northern Command on 3 September 1939 The Patriot Files Retrieved 19 July 2014 Bibliography editBecke Major A F 1936 Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st Line Territorial Force Divisions 42 56 London His Majesty s Stationery Office ISBN 1 871167 12 4 James Brigadier E A 1978 British Regiments 1914 18 London Samson Books Limited ISBN 0 906304 03 2 Joslen Lt Col H F 1990 1st Pub HMSO 1960 Orders of Battle Second World War 1939 1945 London London Stamp Exchange ISBN 0 948130 03 2 Westlake Ray 1986 The Territorial Battalions A Pictorial History 1859 1985 Tunbridge Wells Spellmount External links editBaker Chris The 50th Northumbrian Division in 1914 1918 The Long Long Trail Retrieved 11 July 2014 Baker Chris The Northumberland Fusiliers The Long Long Trail Retrieved 11 July 2014 The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers at regiments org by T F Mills Archived from the original on 15 July 2007 Retrieved 2014 07 24 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Conrad Mark 1996 The British Army 1914 Retrieved 11 July 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 149th Northumberland Brigade amp oldid 1144250336, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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