Wikipedia
120×570mm NATO
120×570mm NATO tank ammunition (4.7 inch) also known as 120×570mmR is a common, NATO-standard (STANAG 4385), tank gun semi-combustible cartridge used by 120mm smoothbore guns, superseding the earlier 105×617mmR cartridge used in NATO-standard rifled tank guns.
| 120×570mm NATO tank ammunition | |
|---|---|
120×570mm ammunition manufactured by IMI. | |
| Type | Tank gun ammunition |
| Place of origin | Federal Republic of Germany |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1979–present |
| Used by | Western Bloc and others |
| Production history | |
| Designed | early 1970s |
| Specifications | |
| Bullet diameter | 120 mm (4.7 in) |
| Base diameter | 160 mm (6.3 in) |
| Rim diameter | 169 mm (6.7 in) |
| Case length | 570 mm (22 in) |
| Overall length | 984 mm (38.7 in) |
| Rifling twist | none |
| Primer type | electric |
History
The 120×570 R cartridge was originally intended for the German Rh-120 smoothbore gun but an interoperability agreement signed between West Germany and France in April 1979, followed in September 1981 by a project to install the M256 120 mm smoothbore gun on future M1A1 Abrams tanks made it a NATO standard.[1][2]
Characteristics
The 120×570mm are one-piece ammunition with semi-combustible cartridge cases. These incorporate a short, metallic stub case with an elastomeric sealing ring which allows the use of a normal sliding wedge type of breech and at the same time significantly reduces the weight of the rounds. Thus, a round of 120 mm Rheinmetall APFSDS ammunition has a mass of 19.8 kg, which is little more than the 18 kg mass of a typical 105 mm APFSDS round with the traditional metallic cartridge case.[3]
Ammunition
This section possibly contains unsourced predictions, speculative material, or accounts of events that might not occur. Information must be verifiable and based on reliable published sources. |
Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS)
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (December 2020) |
There are different ways to measure APFSDS penetration value. NATO uses the 50% (This means that 50% of the shell had to go through the plate), while the Soviet/Russian standard is higher (80% had to go through). According to authorities like Paul Lakowski, the difference in performance can reach as much as 8%[4]
| Designation | Origin | Designer & producer | Year | Cartridge length (mm) | Sub-projectile length (mm) | Penetrator dimension (⌀ mm × mm) | L/D ratio (sub-projectile / penetrator only) | Penetrator material & weight (kg) | Sub-projectile weight with sabot / without sabot (kg) | Weight, complete round (kg) | Propellant type & weight | Chamber pressure (MPa) | Muzzle velocity (m/s) | Velocity drop (m/s at m) | Perforation at normal and oblique incidences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DM13 | Germany | Rheinmetall | 1979 | 888 mm | 457.7 mm | ⌀ 38-26 × 315 mm | 8:1 | Tungsten alloy | 7.22 kg / 4.64 kg | 18.7 kg | 7.3 kg | 510 MPa | 1650 m/s[5] (L/44) | 75 m/s (at 1000 m) | NATO Single heavy target at 68° at 2000 m | |
| OFL 120 G1 | France | GIAT | 1981 | 977 mm | ⌀ 26 mm | ⌀ 26 mm | 18 density Tungsten alloy | 6.2 kg / 3.78 kg | 18.75 kg[6] | 7.45 kg of B19T | 416 MPa | 1630 m/s (1981) 1650 m/s (upgraded, 1987) 1780 m/s[i] (all L/52) | 60 m/s (at 1000 m) | 420 mm at 1000 m,[7] defeat the NATO Single heavy target at 8000 m and the Triple heavy target at 7000 m or 8400 m | Utilize the same penetrator as the OFL 105 F1 105 mm APFSDS in a larger sabot. Upgraded with Israeli-style steel fins instead of aluminium in 1987.[8] | |
| DM23 | Germany | Rheinmetall | 1982[9] | 884 mm | 457.7 mm | ⌀ 32 × 360 mm | 12:1 | Tungsten alloy | 7.2 kg / 4.3 kg | 7.3 kg[9] | 1650 m/s[5] (L/44) | 420 mm at 2000 m | Produced under licence by Switzerland as PfeilPat 87 | |||
| M829 | USA | Alliant Techsystems | 1984 | 935 mm[10] | 616 mm[11] | ⌀ 27 × 460 mm | 23:1 / 17:1 | Depleted Uranium alloy, 3.94 kg[12] | 7.1 kg[13] / 4.27 kg | 18.7 kg[10] | 8.1 kg of JA-2 (double-base) | 509 MPa | 1670 m/s[14] (L/44) | 62 m/s (at 1000 m) 123 m/s (at 2000 m) | 525 mm[15] to 540 mm at 2000 m (LoS 60°)[16] | First service APFSDS ammunition used for the US M256 Gun on the M1A1 Abrams. Actual average diameter is around 24.2mm, 27mm is the Max diameter of the Buttress Threads. |
| DM33 | Germany | Rheinmetall | 1987 | ⌀ 28[17] × 510 mm | 20:1 / 19:1[17] | Tungsten alloy | 7.3 kg / 4.6 kg[18] | 19 kg[18] | 7.6 kg of 7-hole grain-type | 515 MPa[19] | 1650 m/s[5] (L/44) | 75 m/s (at 1000 m)[17] 120 m/s (at 2000 m) | 480 mm at 2000 m | Produced under licence by Japan as JM33 | ||
| M829A1 | USA | Alliant Techsystems | 1988 | 984 mm[20] | 778 mm | ⌀ 21.6 × 680[21] mm | 35:1 / 31:1 | Depleted Uranium alloy, 4.64 kg[12] | 8.165 kg / 4.88 kg | 20.9 kg[20] | 7.9 kg of JA-2 (double-base) | 560 MPa (5,600 bar)[22] or 569 MPa (5,690 bar) | 1575 m/s[22] (L/44) | 69 m/s (at 1000 m) 135 m/s (at 2000 m) | 650 mm[15] at 2000 m (LoS at 60°) | Nicknamed the "silver bullet" by US tank crews in Operation Desert Storm. |
| KE-T | USA | Alliant Techsystems | 1988 | 983 mm[23] | 658 mm | Tungsten alloy | 7.16 kg / 4 kg | 18.7 kg[23] | 8.1 kg of JA-2 (double-base) | 510 MPa[22] | 1690 m/s[23] | Developed by Alliant Techsystems, NWM de Kruithoorn of the Netherlands for the penetrator and Chamberlain Manufacturing Company of the USA who provided the sabots, fins and projectile assembly facility. | ||||
| M321 | Israel | Elbit Systems | late 1980s | Tungsten alloy | approx. 8 kg of M26 (double-base)[24] | 1650 m/s (L/44)[citation needed] | ||||||||||
| M1080 | Belgium | MECAR | early 1990s | 995 mm | 625 mm | Tungsten alloy | 7.2 kg / | 25 kg[25] | approx 8 kg | 1675 m/s[25] | >540 mm of RHA at 0°[26] | Features an advanced-design tungsten penetrator. In 1995, the firm began development of an enhanced version of the M1080 which became available in 1999.[27] | ||||
| M322 | Israel | Elbit Systems | 1990s | 984 mm[28] | Tungsten alloy | 8 kg / 5.6 kg[29] | 20 kg[28] | 8 kg of NC-NG (double-base)[28] | 1705 m/s[28] (L/44) | 130 m/s (at 2000 m) | 225 mm at 70° at 2000 m[30] | Produced under licence by Turkey as MOD 290.[30] Also known as CL-3143 (Italy) and Slpprj 95[31] (Sweden) on the export market. | ||||
| DM43A1 | France and Germany | Giat Industries and Rheinmetall | 1992 or 1996 | 978 mm | ⌀ 26 × 600 mm | 27:1 | Tungsten alloy | 7.2 kg / 4 kg | 19.5kg or 20 kg | 7.6 kg of L1 M (double-base) | 550 MPa or 560 MPa[32] | 1740 m/s[5] (L/44) | 100 m/s (at 2000 m) | 560 mm at 2000 m[33] | French-German development, never adopted by the Bundeswehr and used in the French Army under the OFL 120 F1 designation. | |
| OFL 120 F1 | France and Germany | Giat Industries and Rheinmetall | 1992 or 1994 | 984 mm | ⌀ 26 × 600 mm | 27:1 | Tungsten alloy | 7.3 kg / 4 kg | 19.6 kg | 8.3 kg | 580 MPa | 1790 m/s[34] (L/52) | 100 m/s (at 2000 m) | 560 mm at 2000 m[35] | Feature the same penetrator as the DM43 but use a French propellant, later redesignated as 120 OFLE F1A. Late production, upgraded models are known under the 120 OFLE F1B and 120 OFLE F1B+ designations. | |
| M829A2 | USA | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems | 1994 | 780 mm | ⌀ 21.6 × 695 mm | 35:1 / 32:1 | Depleted Uranium alloy, 4.74 kg | 7.9 kg[36] / 4.92 kg | 8.7 kg of JA-2 (double-base) | 565 MPa[36] or 580 MPa | 1680 m/s[36] (L/44) | 60 m/s (at 1000 m) 120 m/s (at 2000 m) | Improvements over M829A1 include a stepped tip and use of a new lightweight composite Sabot, which allowed for increased muzzle velocity. | |||
| KE-W Terminator | USA | Olin Defense System Groups (Primex Technologies) General Dynamics Ordnanceand Tactical System (later) | 1996 | 980 mm[37] | 778 mm[38] | ⌀ 21.6 × 680 mm | 35:1 / 31:1 | C2 Tungsten alloy 4.32 kg or 4.37 kg | 8.2 kg[38] / 4.6 kg | 20.5 kg[37] | 7.91 kg of JA-2 (double-base)[38] | 496.6 MPa[38] | 1585 m/s[38] (L/44) | 60 m/s (at 1000 m) | in excess of 600 mm[39] | US Export version of M829A1, features a Tungsten alloy penetrator instead of depleted uranium. |
| K276 | South Korea | Poongsan Corporation | 1996[40] | 973 mm[41] | 703.6 mm[42] | 600 mm[41] | 25:1 | Tungsten alloy | 7.35 kg[42] / | 19.7 kg[41] | K683 (triple-base)[41] | 586 MPa[43] | 1700 m/s[42] (L/44) | >600 mm (LoS at 60° obliquity) at 2000 m[44][45] or 650 mm at 2000 m[46] | Penetrators are manufactured by Cyclic Heat-Treatment and Double-Cycle Sintering process. This causes a phenomenon similar to the self-sharpening effect of the depleted uranium penetrator.[47][48] | |
| OFL 120 F2 | France | Giat Industries | 1996[49] | 984 mm | ⌀ 27 × 594 mm | 22:1 (penetrator) | Depleted Uranium alloy | 7.78 kg / 4.5 kg | 20.5 kg | 8.1 kg | 560 MPa | 1740 m/s[49] (L/52) | 640 mm at 2000 m[50] | Has superior penetration performance compared to the OFL 120 F1.[51] 60 000 rounds were made from 1996 to 2000.[52] | ||
| DM53 | Germany | Rheinmetall | 1999 | 745 mm | ⌀ 26 × 685 mm[53][unreliable source?] | 26:1 | WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy | 8.35 kg[22] / ~5 kg | 21.4 kg | 8.9 kg of L1 (DM53) 8.45 kg of L15190 SCDB (DM63)[22] | 545 MPa[22] | 1670 m/s (L/44) 1750 m/s (L/55)[5] | 55 m/s (at 1000 m) 110 m/s (at 2000 m) | The DM53A1 version differs from the original DM53 by its SCDB propellant firstly introduced with the DM63. | ||
| KE-W A1 | USA | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems | 1999 or 2000 | Tungsten alloy | / 4 kg | 8.4 kg of L1/M2400 (double-base) | 580 MPa[22] | 1740 m/s[22] (L/44) | 100 m/s (at 2000 m) | US export variant of the French-German DM43 | ||||||
| M338 | Israel | Elbit Systems | 984 mm | Tungsten alloy | 21 kg | 8 kg of LOVA (double-base) | 1680 m/s[28] (L/44) | 3rd generation Israeli APFSDS | ||||||||
| M829A3 | USA | Alliant Techsystems (ATK), Armtech Defense, Aerojet GenCorp and Northrop Grumman | 2003 | 924 mm[54] | Main Rod ⌀ 25 x 670 mm Tip Section ⌀25 x 100 mm[55] | 37:1 / 31:1 | Depleted Uranium alloy Main Rod with Tungsten Alloy Tip Section[56] | 10 kg[54] / 7.2 kg | 8.1 kg[57] or 8.15 kg[54] of RPD-380 sticks | 566 MPa | 1555 m/s[54][57] (L/44) | Features an improved penetrator using a special tip assembly to overcome newer types of Heavy ERA. | ||||
| KEW-A2 | USA | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems | 2003 | 780 mm | ⌀ 21.6 × 695 mm | 35:1 / 32:1 | Tungsten-nickel-iron alloy | 7.6 kg[36] | 8.6 kg of JA-2 (double-base)[22] | 580 MPa[22] | 1700 m/s[22] (L/44) | 660 mm at 2000 m | Export version of the M829A2 round, it features a tungsten penetrator | |||
| K279 | South Korea | Poongsan Corporation | 2008 | 998 mm[41] | 761.6 mm[42] | 27:1 | Tungsten alloy | 8.27 kg[42] / 5 kg | 21.3 kg[41] | 8.6 kg of L15190 (SCDB)[58][59] | 1760 m/s[42] (L/55) | 120 m/s (at 2000 m) | >700 mm (LoS at 60° obliquity) at 2000 m[44][45] | The penetrator is manufactured of a composite material consisting of tungsten, nickel, iron, and molybdenum.[47] | ||
| Type 10 | Japan | DAIKIN, CHUGOKU-KAYAKU | 2010 | ⌀ 24 mm × 630 mm | 26:1 | Tungsten alloy | 7.8 kg / 4.2 kg | 1780 m/s (L/44)[citation needed] | ||||||||
| 120 OFLE F2 | France | Nexter | 2013 | Depleted uranium alloy | Qualified in 2009, 3000 rounds ordered in 2010, 500 were to be delivered in 2013.[60] | |||||||||||
| KET | USA | Orbital ATK | before 2015 | Tungsten alloy | 9.67 kg | 8.1 kg of RPD-380 or SCDB | 1562 m/s[61] | Not to be confused with the older KE-T from Alliant Techsystems, the KET features a lightweight composite sabot, consistent performance across full temperature range and improved defeat capability against heavy explosive reactive armor. | ||||||||
| Pz-531 | Poland | WITU | 2015 | Tungsten alloy | 6.6 kg / | 8.2 kg | 490 MPa | 1650 m/s[62] (L/44) | ≥500 mm at 2000 m[63] | Features a segmented penetrator made of two rods. | ||||||
| K279 Improved | South Korea | Poongsan Corporation | 2016 | 998 mm[41] | 761.6 mm[42] | 27:1 | Tungsten alloy | 8.27 kg[42] / 5 kg | 21.3 kg[41] | 8.6 kg of 19-hole cylinder-type (SCDB)[64] | 690 MPa[64] | 1800 m/s[ii][64] (L/55) | 122 m/s (at 2000 m) | Produced with a new SCDB propellant based on Solventless powder coated with polyester developed by Poongsan Corporation.[65][66][67] | ||
| M829A4 | USA | General Dynamics Ordnance & Tactical Systems and Alliant Techsystems | 2016 | depleted uranium alloy | 1650 m/s[68] (L/44) | The M829A4 subprojectile has comparable characteristics to its predecessor, the M829A3, in length, weight, and center of gravity.[69] The visible difference between the two cartridges is the Ammunition Data Link (ADL) interface rings on the base of the M829A4. | ||||||||||
| AKE-T | USA | 2021 | Main Rod ⌀ 25 x 670 mm Tip Section ⌀25 x >100 mm[55] | Tungsten alloy Main rod with a Steel Tip Section | Consist of the in-service M829A4 and the new Advanced Kinetic Energy - Tungsten round replacing the A4's depleted uranium penetrator[70] | |||||||||||
| SHARD Mk. 1 | France | Nexter Munitions | late 2022[71] | 984 mm | Plansee D10 tungsten alloy and another tungsten alloy | 22 kg | EURENCO low-erosion double base propellant | 520 MPa | 1720 m/s[72] (L/52) | SHARD stands for Solution for Hardenered ARmour Defeat. It is said to have 20% performance increase over current APFSDS ammunition. | ||||||
| SHARD Mk. 2 | France | Nexter Munitions | Plansee D10 tungsten alloy and another tungsten alloy | >520 MPa | >1720 m/s (L/52) | The SHARD Mk. 2 will use a more energetic propellant than the double-base propellant featured on the Mk. 1.[73] | ||||||||||
| DM73 | Germany | Rheinmetall | 760 mm | ⌀ 26 × 685 mm[53][unreliable source?] | 26:1 | WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy | 8.35 kg / ~5 kg | 55 m/s (at 1000 m) 110 m/s (at 2000 m) | The DM73 reuse the same penetrator of the DM53 but achieves an 8%[74] uplift in performance regarding the combat range[75] through the use of a more powerful propellant. | |||||||
| KE2020Neo | Germany | Rheinmetall | serial production foreseen for 2025 | tungsten alloy | The KE2020Neo forecasted increase in performances should reach 20% compared to current APFSDS ammunition thanks to the use of a lighter sabot and a more energetic propellant, the latter is allowed by the raised chamber pressures of the improved Rh-120 L55A1 gun.[76] |
High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT)
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (July 2022) |
| Designation | Origin | Designer & producer | Year | Cartridge length (mm) | Weight, complete round (kg) | Projectile weight (kg) | Explosive filling (kg) | Propellant type & weight | Muzzle velocity (m/s) | Perforation at normal and oblique incidences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DM12 MZ | Germany | 23.2 kg | 13.5 kg | 1.62 kg | 1140 m/s | ||||||
| DM12A1 MZ | Germany | Rheinmetall DeTec | 23.2 kg | 14.1 kg | 1.627.2 kg | 5.57.2 kg | 1140 m/s | 480 mm or 220 mm at 60° at all ranges[77] | DM12 fitted with a fragmentation sleeve. Produced under licence by the US as M830 with exception of the fuze and the explosive Produced under licence by Japan as JM12A1 | ||
| OCC 120 G1 | France | Nexter Munitions | 1981 | 28.5 kg | 14.2 kg | 5.7 kg of B19T | 1050 or 1080 m/s | Defeat the Triple heavy NATO target | significant anti-personnel effects | ||
| OECC 120 F1 | France | Nexter Munitions | early 1990s | 983 mm | 24.3 kg | 14.4 kg | Comp-B | Single-base | 1100 m/s | 450 mm[50] Defeat the Single heavy and Triple heavy NATO targets[78] | improved anti-personnel effects over the OCC 120 G1 |
| M830 HEAT-MP-T | USA | General Dynamics | 1985 | 981 mm | 24.2 kg | 13.5 kg | 1.662 kg of Comp-B | 5.4 or 5.5 kg of DIGL-RP (Double-base) | 1140 m/s | technology transfer from the German DM12A1 except for the M764 fuze, double safety, and propellant containment bag[79] | |
| M830A1 HEAT-MP-T (a.k.a. MPAT) | USA | Alliant Techsystems (ATK) | 1994 | 981 mm | 24.68 kg | 11.4 kg | Comp-B | 7.1 kg of 19 Perf JA-2 (double-base) | 1410 m/s | 20% performance increase against bunkers and a 30% performance increase against light armored vehicles.[80] | 80 mm sub-caliber warhead fitted with a multifunction fuzing system with airburst capability[80] |
| K277 HEAT-MP-T | South Korea | Poongsan Corporation | 1996 | 989 mm | 24.5 kg | 14.31 kg | Comp-B | K682 (Triple-base) | 1130 m/s (L/44) | 600 mm[46] | |
| K280 HEAT-MP-T | South Korea | Poongsan Corporation | 2008 | 998 mm | 23 kg | 11.38 kg | 2.1 kg of Comp-B | K684 (Double-base) | 1400 m/s (L/55) | Developed for the K2 Black Panther with the K279 APFSDS-T | |
| M325 HEAT-MP-T | Israel | Elbit Systems | late 1980s | 984 mm | 25 kg | 15 kg | 1.8 kg of Comp-B | 5.6 kg of M26 (double-base) or M30 (triple-base) | 1078 m/s (L/44) | Also known under the CL 3105 export designation. | |
| MOD 292 HEAT-MP-T | Turkey | MKE | 933.5 mm | 22 kg (L/44) 22.2 kg (L/55) | NC-NG (Double-base) | Modified based on MOD 290 (M322) APFSDS-T. | |||||
| MOD 310 HEAT-MP-T | Turkey | MKE | 2018 | 984 mm | 25 kg | 1.76 kg of RDX | CEP-2 (Double-base) | 925 m/s | 400 mm[81] | Modified based on M325 HEAT-MP-T but fitted with a new multi-function fuze. |
High Explosive (HE)
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (December 2020) |
| Designation | Origin | Designer & producer | Year | Cartridge length (mm) | Weight, complete round (kg) | Projectile weight (kg) | Propellant type & weight | Muzzle velocity | Explosive filling (kg) | Fuzing | Effects | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M908 HE-OR-T | USA | General Dynamics-OTS | 2003 | 983 mm | 22.7 kg | 11.4 kg | 7.1 kg 19 Perf Hex JA-2 (Double-base) | 1400 m/s | 3.2 kg[82] Composition A3 Type II[83] | Base detonating, delay fuze | did as well as, if not better than, the 15.8 kg 165 mm HEP warhead at reducing obstacles[84] | Converted M830A1 HEAT-MP-T with a steel nosecone and a delay fuze, used to destroy concrete obstacles. |
| IM HE-T | Norway | Nammo | 26.7 kg | 15.9 kg | 1030 m/s | Dual-mode: Superquick and delay[85] | Produced under license by GD-OTS Canada[86] | |||||
| OE 120 F1 | France | Nexter | 2005 | 25.5 kg | 15.5 kg | 1050 m/s | PD fuze | |||||
| DM11 HE temp | Germany | Rheinmetall | 2009 | 29 kg | 19 kg | 5.5 kg | 950 m/s (L/44) or 1100 m/s (L/55) | 2.17 kg HE with 600 tungsten balls[87] | 3 modes: PD, PDwD and AB | 80 m cone-shaped fragmentation pattern | In service with the US Marine Corps under the Mk. 324 designation[88] | |
| 120 EXPL F1 | France | Nexter | 2011 | 27 kg | 16.8 kg | 1000 m/s | 3 kg HE-frag | programmable | ||||
| M339 HE-MP-T | Israel | Elbit Systems | 984 mm | 27 kg | 17 kg | 4.5 kg of NC-NG (Double-base) | 900 m/s | 2.3 kg of CLX663 | 3 modes: PDD, PD and AB | capable of penetrating 200 mm double reinforced concrete walls[89] | ||
| RH31 HE SQ | Germany | Rheinmetall | 2012 | impact function with or without delay | low-cost variant of the DM11, the cartridge can be fired with no need for modifying existing systems.[90] | |||||||
| Pz-511 | Poland | 2015 | 28.65 kg[91] | 19 kg | 5.7 kg | 950 m/s | 2.3 kg of TNT | |||||
| 120 mm HE M3M | France | Nexter | 2016 | 945 mm | 28 kg | 18 kg | 1050 m/s | LOVA (Double-base) | 3 modes: SQ, AB and delay[92] | |||
| MOD 300 HE-T | Turkey | MKE | 2018 | 984 mm | 27.5 kg | CEP-2 (Double-base) | 870 m/s (L/44) | 4.24 kg of TNT | MOD 305 | Modified based on M339 HE-MP-T. | ||
| SLSGR 95 [29] | Sweden | 1995 | 977 mm | 25 kg | 17.5 kg | 3.4 kg M-30 | 736 m/s | 2.7 kg Composition B | ÖFHKSAR M/95 | Rebuilt 120mm mortar round |
Close Combat
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (December 2020) |
| Designation | Type | Origin | Designer & producer | Year | Weight, complete round (kg) | Projectile weight (kg) | Propellant type & weight | Muzzle velocity | Filling | Fuzing | Effects | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1028 | canister | USA | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems | 22.9 kg | 15.9 kg | 1410 m/s | 1100 tungsten balls | no | 500 m effective range | Produced under license by Nexter as OEFC 120 F1 and Nammo as 120 mm IM Canister. | ||
| M337 STUN | less-than-lethal ammunition | Israel | Elbit Systems | 13.5 kg | 3.5 kg | 6 kg of M30 (Triple-base) | plastic flakes | no | creates a flash, bang and blast effect and also disperses plastic flakes in the vicinity of the tank[89] |
Guided munition
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (December 2020) |
| Designation | Type | Guidance | Origin | Designer & producer | Year | Weight, complete round (kg) | Weight (kg) | Warhead | Muzzle velocity | Cruise speed | Maximum range | Effects | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAHAT | GLATGM | semi-active laser-guided | Israel | IAI | 1992-1999 | 16 kg | 13 kg | tandem HEAT | 300 m/s | 280 m/s | 6000 m (8000 m in indirect fire) | not in service | |
| XM943 STAFF | beyond line of sight, top-attack smart munition | inertial + millimeter wave radar | USA | Alliant Techsystems | 1990-1998 | downward-firing EFP | program was terminated in FY 98 with final close-out in FY00 | ||||||
| POLYNEGE | beyond line of sight, top-attack smart munition | Fire-and-forget | France | Nexter Systems | early 2000s | 28 kg | 20 kg | downward-firing EFP | 600 to 700 m/s | up to 8000 m | not in service | ||
| KSTAM-I | beyond line of sight, top-attack smart munition | Terminal guidance | South Korea | Poongsan Corporation | 2004 | tandem HEAT | 750 m/s | from 2500 m to 5000 m | not in service | ||||
| KSTAM-II | beyond line of sight, top-attack smart munition | Fire-and-forget | South Korea | Poongsan Corporation | 2005 | 21.5 kg | 9.03 kg | downward-firing EFP | from 2000 m to 8000 m | Developed for the K2 Black Panther's CN08 120 mm gun | |||
| Falarick | GLATGM | semi-automatic by laser beam | Belgium and Ukraine | CMI Defence and Luch | 2013 | 28 kg | tandem HEAT | 300 m/s | beyond 5000 m | 700 mm RHA behind ERA | spin-off version of the Konus GLATGM, proposed on the export market | ||
| TANOK | beyond line of sight, smart munition | semi-active laser seeker | Turkey | Roketsan | 2019 (design)[93] | 11 kg | tandem HEAT | from 1000 m to 6000 m | It features two attack modes : direct and top attack. Use a "soft launch" engine. |
Target Practice Tracer (TP-T)
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (March 2022) |
| Designation | Type | Origin | Designer & producer | Year | Weight, complete round (kg) | Length, complete round (mm) | Propellant type & weight | Muzzle velocity | Filling | Fuzing | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M865 | TPCSDS-T | USA | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems | 2002 | 17.2 kg | 881 mm | M14 | 1700 m/s | |||
| K282 | TP-T (HEAT) | South Korea | Poongsan Corporation | 2004 | 24.5 kg | 989 mm | K682 (Triple-base) | 1130 m/s (L/44) | K611 (Electric) | Developed based on K277 HEAT-MP-T. | |
| K287 | TP-T (HEAT) | South Korea | Poongsan Corporation | 2013 | 22.9 kg | 980 mm | KM30 (Double-base) | 1130 m/s (L/44) | Fe Powder Sintered | K604 (Electric) | Designed to minimize accidental damage caused by Ricochet. |
| DM38 | TPCSDS-T | Germany | Rheinmetall | 1690 m/s | |||||||
| DM48 | TPCSDS-T | Germany | Rheinmetall | 17.5 kg | |||||||
| M324 | TPCSDS-T | Israel | Elbit Systems | 18.3 kg | 7.8 kg of M26 (Double-base) | 1730 m/s (L/44) | Steel | M45112 (Electric) | Produced under licence by Turkey as MOD 291[94] | ||
| M340 | TP-T (HE-MP) | Israel | Elbit Systems | 27 kg | 4.5 kg | 900 m/s (L/44) | Inert | ||||
| M326 | TP-T (HEAT) | Israel | Elbit Systems | 27 kg | 5.6 kg of M30/M26 | 1078 m/s (L/44) | Inert | ||||
| 120 mm IM TP-T | TP-T | Norway | Nammo | 26.7 kg | 1030 m/s | Qualified in Leopard 2 and M1. The round is in service in several countries. | |||||
| 120 mm KE-TP | KE-TP | Norway | Nammo | 18.3 kg | 1700 m/s | Qualified in Leopard 2 and M1. The round is in service in several countries. | |||||
| PZ-521 | HE-TP | Poland | Mesko | 19 kg | 980 mm | L-2 | 950 m/s | 488g Gunpowder | C-88 | Qualified in Leopard 2. The round is in service in Poland. Self-detonation after 4–5 km.[95] | |
| PZ-541 | APFSDS-T-TP | Poland | Mesko | 4.8 kg | 980 mm | 1715 m/s | Qualified in Leopard 2. The round is in service in Poland. 1.9 kg penetrator with a diameter of ⌀68mm[96] | ||||
| MOD 301 | TP-T (HE) | Turkey | MKE | 27.5 kg | 984 mm | CEP-2 (Double-base) | 870 m/s | 4.2 kg of Sorel cement | MOD 305 | Developed based on MOD 300 HE-T. |
Weapon platforms
- Rh-120 L/44 ( Germany), used on the Leopard 2 and Type 90 MBTs
- Rh-120 L/55 ( Germany), used on later Leopard 2 variants including the Leopard 2E
- Rh-120 L/55A1 ( Germany), foreseen for the Challenger 3
- M256 ( USA), used on the M1 Abrams and M60-2000
- M256E1 ( USA)
- XM360 ( USA)
- XM360E1 ( USA)
- CN120-25 ( France), used on the AMX-32, AMX-40, and EE-T1 Osório
- CN120-26 ( France), used on the Leclerc
- 120 FER ( France)
- MG251 ( Israel), used on the Merkava III
- IMI MG251-LR ( Israel) used on the Merkava IV
- MG253 ( Israel) used on the M60 Sabra
- OTO Melara-Breda 120/44 ( Italy), used on the C1 Ariete
- GT-9 ( South Africa)
- CTG ( Switzerland), used on the CV90120 and WPB Anders
- KM256 ( South Korea), used on the K1A1
- CN03 ( South Korea), used on the K1A2
- CN08 ( South Korea), used on the K2 Black Panther
- MKE 120 mm tank gun ( Turkey), used on the Altay (main battle tank)
- KBM-2 ( Ukraine), used on the T-72-120, T-84-120 Yatagan, and on the PT-17
- Type 10 ( Japan), used on the Type 10
- Cockerill XC-8-120 ( Belgium), used on the K21-120 medium tank
See also
- 105×617mm tank gun ammunition
Notes
References
- DIRECT FIRE AMMUNITION Handbook 2019, Project Manager Maneuver Ammunition Systems 12 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hunnicutt, R.P. (February 1991). Abrams: A History of the American Main Battle Tank. Presidio Press. p. 320. ISBN 978-0891413882.
- ^ "NATO - STANAG 4385 120mm x 570 Ammunition for Smooth Bore Tank Guns". standards.globalspec.com. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ Ogorkiewicz, Richard M. (1 April 1991). Technology of Tanks (Jane's Information Group ed.). London. p. 76. ISBN 978-0710605955.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2 July 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Stefan Kotsch. . Main Battle Tanks in Details. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ Foss, Christopher (June 1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. Jane's Information Group. p. 90. ISBN 978-0710610799.
- ^ Hilmes, Rolf (1988). Kampfpanzer - Die Entwicklungen der Nachkriegszeit. Frankfurt am Main Bonn: Report Verlag GmbH. p. 38.
- ^ "Satory XI - collaborative programs show through". International Defense Review. 20 (9): 1244. 1987.
- ^ a b Foss, Christopher; Cullen, Tony (September 1988). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Systems 1988-89. Jane's Information Group. p. 88. ISBN 978-0710608642.
- ^ a b Foss, Christopher; Cullen, Tony (September 1988). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Systems 1988-89. Jane's Information Group. p. 137. ISBN 978-0710608642.
- ^ "M829 Data". bulletpicker.com. from the original on 28 August 2018.
- ^ a b Fahey, Dan. "Science or Science Fiction? Facts, Myths and Propaganda In the Debate Over Depleted Uranium Weapons" (PDF). wise-uranium.org. (PDF) from the original on 13 September 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ Department of the Army, Technical Bulletin (1986). TB 9-2350-320-14 Operator/Maintenance Information on Cartridge 120mm M829, M830, M831, and M865. from the original on 13 September 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- ^ . Jane's Information Group. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ a b Infantry, Magazine. "Infantry Magazine Mar-Apr 1990, Page 39" (PDF). benning.army.mil. (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2017.
- ^ . Jane's Information Group. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ a b c "AUSA '86 anti-armour, air-defense and small-arms development dominate a good show". International Defense Review. 19 (12): 1809. 1986.
- ^ a b Foss, Christopher (June 1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. Jane's Information Group. p. 97. ISBN 978-0710610799.
- ^ Gander, Terry; Hogg, Ian (1 December 1993). Jane's Ammunition Handbook 1994-95. Jane's Information Group. p. 153. ISBN 978-0710611673.
- ^ a b Foss, Christopher (June 1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. Jane's Information Group. p. 159. ISBN 978-0710610799.
- ^ "Critical Technology Events in the Development of Selected Army Weapons Systems, page 10" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. September 2006. (PDF) from the original on 24 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k . Defense Update. 22 November 2006. Archived from the original on 5 August 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
- ^ a b c Foss, Christopher (June 1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. Jane's Information Group. p. 160. ISBN 978-0710610799.
- ^ "AmmunitionskatalogData och bild" (PDF). www.imisystems.com. IMI. (PDF) from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
- ^ a b Foss, Christopher (June 1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. Jane's Information Group. p. 73. ISBN 978-0710610799.
- ^ Foss, Christopher (June 1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. Jane's Information Group. p. 72. ISBN 978-0710610799.
- ^ "Tank Gun Ammunition (Europe)". docplayer.net. Forecast International. from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
- ^ a b c d e (PDF). Elbit Systems. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022. p. 4
- ^ a b "AmmunitionskatalogData och bild" (PDF). hemvarnet.se. FMV. (PDF) from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ a b . MKE. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ Alexandersson, Anders. "Today's explosive reactive armour –is it possible to defeat it with the Swedish tank ammunition?" (PDF). diva-portal.se. (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "120 mm KE-Patrone DM 43 A1". deutsche-bundeswehr.de. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Gander, Terry J. (2002). Jane's Ammunition Handbook 2001-2002. Jane's Information Group. p. 2119. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ (PDF). Nexter. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ Gander, Terry; Hogg, Ian (1 December 1993). Jane's Ammunition Handbook 1994-95. Jane's Information Group. p. 159. ISBN 978-0710611673.
- ^ a b c d "M829A2 APFSDS-T 120MM KE TACTICAL CARTRIDGE" (PDF). alternatewars.com. General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems. (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ a b Foss, Christopher (June 1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. Jane's Information Group. p. 148. ISBN 978-0710610799.
- ^ a b c d e "KE-W APFSDS-T 120MM TUNGSTEN TACTICAL CARTRIDGE" (PDF). alternatewars.com. General Dynamics Ordnanceand Tactical System. (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
- ^ Gander, Terry; Hogg, Ian (1 December 1993). Jane's Ammunition Handbook 1994-95. Jane's Information Group. p. 155. ISBN 978-0710611673.
- ^ . The Chosun Ilbo. 3 April 1996. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Poongsan Corporation. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Security Management Institute (25 May 2018). . Republic of Korea Army Headquarters. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021. p. 118
- ^ . Korea Defense Industry Trade Support Center. 13 December 2019. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022. p. 46
- ^ a b . Sheldon's Military. 7 November 2019. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
- ^ a b "K2PL and K2M". Steel Beasts. 2 March 2021. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ a b . Bemil. 7 November 2017. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
- ^ a b Kyung Jin Park and Joo Ha You (1 October 2004). (PDF). Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
- ^ Myunghyun Kim (29 February 2020). (PDF). Defense Agency for Technology and Quality. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
- ^ a b Obsarm (October 2000). (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ^ a b Jane's Ammunition Handbook 1999-2000. Janes Information Group. December 1999. p. 660. ISBN 978-0710618993.
- ^ Ferrard, Stéphane (1992). Le Système Leclerc (in French). Editions Bosquet.
- ^ Barrillot, Bruno (October 2000). Les munitions antichar à l’uranium appauvri de Giat Industries (PDF) (in French). Lyon: Observatoire des armes nucléaires françaises. p. 16. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ a b Archived copy 30 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d "120mm M829A3 APFSDS-T Armor Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot w/Tracer" (PDF). fbcinc.com. Northrop Grumman. (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ a b Alliant Techsystems Inc. "Patent US8985026B2". patents.google.com. from the original on 28 October 2020.
- ^ General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems (2003). "Patent US6662726B1". patents.google.com. from the original on 24 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Orbital ATK M829A3 Pamphlet" (PDF). www.alternatewars.com. 2003. (PDF) from the original on 28 August 2019.
- ^ Kwon Soon-Kil (30 December 2005). (PDF). Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021. p. 3
- ^ Poongsan Corporation (2020). . MADEX. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021. p. 44
- ^ Le cahier de la cavalerie blindée. UNABCC. 2011. p. 37.
- ^ . Army Guide. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ^ Tomasz BŁASZCZAK (2022). (PDF). Yadda. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ Kiński, A. (June 2016). "Mesko S.A. do polskich Leopardów 2". Wojsko I Technika (6): 48.
- ^ a b c Kwan-Jin Park (9 December 2016). (PDF). Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021. p. 2
- ^ Sun-Kil Kwon (17 May 2012). (PDF). The Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
- ^ Tae Soo Kwon (December 2014). . The Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ Tae Soo Kwon (May 2015). . The Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ "LARGE CALIBER AMMUNITION 120mm" (PDF). jpeoaa.army.mil. PM MAS. (PDF) from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
- ^ "F Y 1 5 A R M Y P R O G R A M S" (PDF). www.dote.osd.mil. (PDF) from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
- ^ "kinetic energy ammunition". defencetechnologyreview.partica.online. Defence Technology Review. from the original on 8 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ "Nexter 120 mm SHARD: towards tailored APFSDS solutions". European Defence Review. from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ "Nexter Announces 120 SHARD APFSDS Ammunition". joint-forces.com. from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
- ^ Richardson, Henry. "Tank Gun and Ammo Developments: 120mm and Above". euro-sd.com. European Security & Defence. from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ Valpolini, Paolo. "More on Rheinmetall tank guns and ammunition evolution". www.edrmagazine.eu. European Defence Review. from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ Valpolini, Paolo. "More on Rheinmetall tank guns and ammunition evolution". edrmagazine.eu. European Defence Review. from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ Kotsch, Stefan. "Munition der deutschen 120 mm Panzerkanone Rheinmetall". kotsch88.de. from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
- ^ Chassillan, Marc (April 2005). Char Leclerc de la guerre froide aux conflits de demain. E-T-A-I. p. 191. ISBN 978-2726894385.
- ^ "120mm M830 High Explosive Anti-Tank-Multi Purpose - Tracer (HEAT-MP-T)". fas.org. Federation of American Scientists (FAS). from the original on 9 April 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ a b "120mm M830A1 HEAT-MP-T" (PDF). fbcinc.com. Northrop Grumman. (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
- ^ . MKE. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ^ "120 mm Round M 908 HE-OR-T with High Explosive Obstacle Reduction". arconpartners.net. Arcon Partners Ltd. from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ "US Cartridge, 120mm HE-OR-T, M908". bulletpicker.com. Bulletpicker. from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ "M908 HE-OR-T [High Explosive Obstacle Reduction Tank]". www.globalsecurity.org. from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ "120 mm IM HE-T". nammo.com. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "High Explosive IM HE-T & Trainer IM HE-TP". gd-otscanada.com. from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "Correct shell for the right purpose". kaskus.co.id. from the original on 13 September 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "press release" (PDF). rheinmetall-defence.com. Rheinmetall Defence. (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ a b "Elbit Systems Land Tank Ammunition Portfolio" (PDF). elbitsystems.com. Elbit Systems. (PDF) from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "Eurosatory 2012 - New 120mm tank ammunition from Rheinmetall: enhanced firepower for modern combat operations". rpdefense.over-blog.com. worldwide-defence. from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ Kuśnierz, Tadeusz. "Amunicja Z Pociskami Odłamkowo-Burzącymi Do Czołów Leopard 2A4 Eksploatowanych W Wojsku Polskim" (PDF). witu.mil.pl. (PDF) from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
- ^ "120mm HE M3M 120mm Ammunition for NATO Guns". armscom.net. from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ Valpolini, Paolo. "IDEF 19: Roketsan unveils the future Altay 120 mm laser guided ammunition". edrmagazine.eu. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ . MKE. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ Kuśnierz, Tadeusz. "Amunicja z pociskami odłamkowo-burzącymi do czołgów Leopard 2A eksploatowanych w Wojsku Polskim" (PDF). Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia. p. 54. (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- ^ Pankowski, Zygmunt. "Balistyka pocisków ćwiczebnych ze stabilizatorem stożkowym do armat czołgowych" (PDF). Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia. from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.