Æthelred (or Ethelred; died 30 June 888) was an Anglo-SaxonArchbishop of Canterbury in medieval England. Although one source states that he was Bishop of Wiltshire prior to his elevation to Canterbury, this has been shown to be false. Much of Æthelred's time in office was spent dealing with the dislocations caused by the invasion of England by Vikings. There were also conflicts with King Alfred the Great over ecclesiastical matters as well as the desire of the papacy to reform the English clergy.
Some sources, including the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in the F version of that work, state that Æthelred was transferred in 870 from the Bishopric of Wiltshire to the see of Canterbury. However, the transfer has now been proven to be taken from the life of Ælfric of Abingdon, who was archbishop from 995 to 1005. Although the story of his transfer is false, Æthelred was consecrated as archbishop in 870.[1] Why he was selected for Canterbury is unknown, as there is no contemporary information on his election.[2]
Most of Æthelred's time as archbishop was spent dealing with the effects of Viking raids, but he also had a conflict with King Alfred the Great over royal control of ecclesiastical affairs. It was during Æthelred's archbishopric that the Golden Gospels, a still-surviving 8th century gospel book, was ransomed from a raiding army and donated to Canterbury.[1] Pope John VIII also urged Æthelred and Archbishop Wulfhere of York to reform the dress of the English clergy. The Anglo-Saxon clergy wore the short tunic that was the normal costume of the laypeople of Britain. The Roman custom, however, was to wear long clerical robes or habits, and the Anglo-Saxon custom was opposed by the papacy and other continental clergy. Whether Æthelred and Wulfred took steps to try to change the dress of their clergy is unknown, but the clothing customs of the Anglo-Saxon clergy did not change.[2]
Around 877, Æthelred wrote to Pope John VIII to complain about King Alfred's conduct towards Canterbury. The exact nature of the dispute is not clear, but the reply from the pope to the archbishop still exists. The pope told the archbishop that Canterbury had papal support and that the pope had written to the king urging the king to respect the rights of the archbishop.[3] The writer Justin Pollard sees this letter as evidence of papal support for the deposition of Alfred, which Pollard alleges occurred at Christmas 878 and that the deposition was supported by Æthelred.[4] Other historians, however, do not agree that there was a deposition of the king supported by the archbishop at this time.[5][6]
Æthelred also reached an agreement with Ælfred, an ealdorman, where Ælfred was granted the life use of a Canterbury estate in return for bequeathing one of his estates to Canterbury after his death. The document that records this agreement is not dated, however, so it is unknown when exactly during Æthelred's episcopate the document was drawn up.[2] Another problem for the archbishop was a decline in the abilities of the scribes at Canterbury, which is dramatically illustrated by the document, which has a number of errors and duplications. Other documents of the period show that some of the scribes had little knowledge of Latin.[7]
In the novel Abomination by Gary Whitta, Æthelred is a key antagonist. The archbishop discovers an ancient magic that transforms humans and animals into violent monstrosities, and attempts to raise an army of them to attack the Danelaw, betraying the wishes of King Ælfred.
Citationsedit
^ abWareham "Æthelred" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
^ abcBrooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp. 149–152
^Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp. 172–173
^Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 214
Referencesedit
Abels, Richard Philip (1998). Alfred the Great: War, Kingship, and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England. New York: Longman. ISBN0-582-04047-7.
Brooks, Nicholas (1984). The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066. London: Leicester University Press. ISBN0-7185-0041-5.
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-56350-X.
Pollard, Justin (2005). Alfred the Great: The Man Who Made England. London: John Murray. ISBN978-0-7195-6666-0.
Wareham, A. F. (2004). "Æthelred (d. 888)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8914. Retrieved 7 November 2007.(subscription or UK public library membership required)
Wormald, Patrick (2004). "Alfred (848/9–899)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (revised October 2006 ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/183. Retrieved 16 December 2011.(subscription or UK public library membership required)
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AEthelred or Ethelred died 30 June 888 was an Anglo Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury in medieval England Although one source states that he was Bishop of Wiltshire prior to his elevation to Canterbury this has been shown to be false Much of AEthelred s time in office was spent dealing with the dislocations caused by the invasion of England by Vikings There were also conflicts with King Alfred the Great over ecclesiastical matters as well as the desire of the papacy to reform the English clergy AEthelredArchbishop of CanterburyThis charter issued by AEthelred in 873 shows the poor standard of Latin at the start of Alfred the Great s reignElected870Term ended30 June 888PredecessorCeolnothSuccessorPlegmundOrdersConsecration870Personal detailsDied30 June 888 Coin of AEthelred Cross and Lozenge type minted 875 79 Contents 1 Biography 2 In popular culture 3 Citations 4 References 5 External linksBiography editSome sources including the Anglo Saxon Chronicle in the F version of that work state that AEthelred was transferred in 870 from the Bishopric of Wiltshire to the see of Canterbury However the transfer has now been proven to be taken from the life of AElfric of Abingdon who was archbishop from 995 to 1005 Although the story of his transfer is false AEthelred was consecrated as archbishop in 870 1 Why he was selected for Canterbury is unknown as there is no contemporary information on his election 2 Most of AEthelred s time as archbishop was spent dealing with the effects of Viking raids but he also had a conflict with King Alfred the Great over royal control of ecclesiastical affairs It was during AEthelred s archbishopric that the Golden Gospels a still surviving 8th century gospel book was ransomed from a raiding army and donated to Canterbury 1 Pope John VIII also urged AEthelred and Archbishop Wulfhere of York to reform the dress of the English clergy The Anglo Saxon clergy wore the short tunic that was the normal costume of the laypeople of Britain The Roman custom however was to wear long clerical robes or habits and the Anglo Saxon custom was opposed by the papacy and other continental clergy Whether AEthelred and Wulfred took steps to try to change the dress of their clergy is unknown but the clothing customs of the Anglo Saxon clergy did not change 2 Around 877 AEthelred wrote to Pope John VIII to complain about King Alfred s conduct towards Canterbury The exact nature of the dispute is not clear but the reply from the pope to the archbishop still exists The pope told the archbishop that Canterbury had papal support and that the pope had written to the king urging the king to respect the rights of the archbishop 3 The writer Justin Pollard sees this letter as evidence of papal support for the deposition of Alfred which Pollard alleges occurred at Christmas 878 and that the deposition was supported by AEthelred 4 Other historians however do not agree that there was a deposition of the king supported by the archbishop at this time 5 6 AEthelred also reached an agreement with AElfred an ealdorman where AElfred was granted the life use of a Canterbury estate in return for bequeathing one of his estates to Canterbury after his death The document that records this agreement is not dated however so it is unknown when exactly during AEthelred s episcopate the document was drawn up 2 Another problem for the archbishop was a decline in the abilities of the scribes at Canterbury which is dramatically illustrated by the document which has a number of errors and duplications Other documents of the period show that some of the scribes had little knowledge of Latin 7 AEthelred died 30 June 888 8 In popular culture editIn the novel Abomination by Gary Whitta AEthelred is a key antagonist The archbishop discovers an ancient magic that transforms humans and animals into violent monstrosities and attempts to raise an army of them to attack the Danelaw betraying the wishes of King AElfred Citations edit a b Wareham AEthelred Oxford Dictionary of National Biography a b c Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp 149 152 Abels Alfred the Great p 244 Pollard Alfred the Great pp 160 166 Wormald Alfred Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Abels Alfred the Great pp 150 155 Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp 172 173 Fryde et al Handbook of British Chronology p 214References editAbels Richard Philip 1998 Alfred the Great War Kingship and Culture in Anglo Saxon England New York Longman ISBN 0 582 04047 7 Brooks Nicholas 1984 The Early History of the Church of Canterbury Christ Church from 597 to 1066 London Leicester University Press ISBN 0 7185 0041 5 Fryde E B Greenway D E Porter S Roy I 1996 Handbook of British Chronology Third revised ed Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 56350 X Pollard Justin 2005 Alfred the Great The Man Who Made England London John Murray ISBN 978 0 7195 6666 0 Wareham A F 2004 AEthelred d 888 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 8914 Retrieved 7 November 2007 subscription or UK public library membership required Wormald Patrick 2004 Alfred 848 9 899 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography revised October 2006 ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 183 Retrieved 16 December 2011 subscription or UK public library membership required External links editAEthelred 13 at Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England Christian titles Preceded byCeolnoth Archbishop of Canterbury870 888 Succeeded byPlegmund Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title AEthelred archbishop amp oldid 1192140612, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
