This letter should not be confused with u-caron, which is used to indicate u in the third tone of Chinese languagepinyin; compare Ǔ ǔ (caron) with Ŭ ŭ (breve). It looks similar to an italic form of a Short I. (Й й)
The letter ŭ is called non-syllabic u (romanised: u nieskładovaje) in Belarusian because it resembles the vowel u but forms no syllables. It is an allophone of /v/ that forms the diphthongsaŭ, eŭ, oŭ and is equivalent to [u̯]. Its Cyrillic counterpart is ў.[1] Sometimes (as in National Geographic atlases), the Cyrillic letter ў is Romanized as w.
The letter ŭ was proposed by Alexander Rypinski in 1840. For lack of the corresponding type, his book Białoruś. Kilka słów o poezji prostego ludu tej naszej polskiej prowincji, o jego muzyce, śpiewie, tańcach was printed with û in Belarusian citations instead, but it was explained that the proper letter was u with Latin brevis. The proper letter ŭ was first used in printing in 1853, in Rypinski's poem Niaczyścik.
It is thought that ŭ was created by analogy with the Belarusian letter ў (Cyrillic u with breve), which was proposed by P.A. Bessonov in 1870.[2][citation needed] It may also be considered that the placement of the breve above a vowel letter to turn it into an equivalent semivowel was inspired by the use thereof on the Cyrillic letter й, representing /j/ and formed by placing a breve over the letter и, used most commonly to represent /i/.
Ŭ may also be used for [w] in foreign names, such as Ŭaŝingtono for "Washington", although it usually is written with v (Vaŝingtono). It is also used for [w] in onomatopoeias, as in ŭa! "waa!", and uniquely in one native lexical word, ŭo, which is the Esperanto name of the letter ŭ itself.
Romanian
Ŭ was previously part of the Romanian alphabet. U with breve was used only in the ending of a word. It was essentially a Latin equivalent of the Slavonic back yer found in languages like Russian. Unpronounced in most cases, it served to indicate that the previous consonant was not palatalized, or that the preceding i was the vowel [i] and not a mere marker of palatalization. When ŭ was pronounced, it would follow a stressed vowel and stand in for semivowel u, as in words eŭ, aŭ, and meŭ, all spelled today without the breve. Once frequent, it survives today in author Mateiu Caragiale's name – originally spelled Mateiŭ (it is not specified whether the pronunciation should adopt a version that he himself probably never used, while in many editions he is still credited as Matei). In other names, only the breve was dropped, while preserving the pronunciation of a semivowel u, as is the case of B.P. Hasdeŭ.
Romanization of Indic scripts
When transcribing Malayalam texts into ISO 15919, usually the final glottal-stop is transcribed as 'ŭ', an epenthetic vowel (a rule called as saṁvr̥tōkāram). In Tamil, any wordfinal-'u' is always a short-vowel, hence transcribing it as 'ŭ' (a rule called as kuṟṟiyal ukaram). The Kashmiri vowel –ٕ/ॖ is also sometimes transcribed as 'ŭ'.
Other uses
In some philological transcriptions of Latin, "ŭ" denotes a short U — for example, "fŭgō" ([ˈfʊɡoː], to chase away), vs "fūmō" ([ˈfuːmoː], to smoke).
The letter is also commonly used among Slavists to denote the short back closed vowel of Proto-Slavic.
In Kurrentschrift, an outdated script used in German handwriting, the lower-case letter "u" is adorned with a breve to distinguish it from the otherwise identical letter "n". The script was used for teaching writing in schools; the last variant, known as Sütterlinschrift, as late as 1941. The ingrained habit of writing "ŭ" for "u" persisted for a long time even as people switched to cursive scripts with easily distinguishable shapes for "u" and "n", occasionally leading to confusion between "ŭ" (meaning "u") and "ü" among later generations not brought up with this tick.
^S. Young (2006) "Belorussian". In the Encyclopedia of language and linguistics, 2nd ed.
^Булыка (Bulyka). У нескладовае // Энцыклапедыя літаратуры і мастацтва Беларусі. Т.4. p.377.
January 16, 2023
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Look up ŭ in Wiktionary the free dictionary Ŭ or ŭ is a letter in the Esperanto alphabet based on u It is also used in the Belarusian language when written in the 20th century form of the Belarusian Latin alphabet and formerly in the Romanian alphabet The accent mark diacritic is known as a breve This letter should not be confused with u caron which is used to indicate u in the third tone of Chinese language pinyin compare Ǔ ǔ caron with Ŭ ŭ breve It looks similar to an italic form of a Short I J j Character information Preview Ŭ ŭUnicode name LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH BREVE LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH BREVEEncodings decimal hex dec hexUnicode 364 U 016C 365 U 016DUTF 8 197 172 C5 AC 197 173 C5 ADNumeric character reference amp 364 wbr amp x16C wbr amp 365 wbr amp x16D wbr Named character reference amp Ubreve amp ubreve ISO 8859 3 221 DD 253 FDContents 1 Belarusian 2 Esperanto 3 Romanian 4 Romanization of Indic scripts 5 Other uses 6 See also 7 NotesBelarusian EditSee also Belarusian alphabet and Belarusian Latin alphabet The letter ŭ is called non syllabic u romanised u nieskladovaje in Belarusian because it resembles the vowel u but forms no syllables It is an allophone of v that forms the diphthongs aŭ eŭ oŭ and is equivalent to u Its Cyrillic counterpart is y 1 Sometimes as in National Geographic atlases the Cyrillic letter y is Romanized as w The letter ŭ was proposed by Alexander Rypinski in 1840 For lack of the corresponding type his book Bialorus Kilka slow o poezji prostego ludu tej naszej polskiej prowincji o jego muzyce spiewie tancach was printed with u in Belarusian citations instead but it was explained that the proper letter was u with Latin brevis The proper letter ŭ was first used in printing in 1853 in Rypinski s poem Niaczyscik Esperanto EditŬ represents a semivowel in the orthography of Esperanto which is an international auxiliary language publicly presented in 1887 As in Belarusian Esperanto Ŭ is pronounced as a non syllabic u primarily in the diphthongs aŭ eŭ and rarely oŭ It is thought that ŭ was created by analogy with the Belarusian letter y Cyrillic u with breve which was proposed by P A Bessonov in 1870 2 citation needed It may also be considered that the placement of the breve above a vowel letter to turn it into an equivalent semivowel was inspired by the use thereof on the Cyrillic letter j representing j and formed by placing a breve over the letter i used most commonly to represent i Ŭ may also be used for w in foreign names such as Ŭaŝingtono for Washington although it usually is written with v Vaŝingtono It is also used for w in onomatopoeias as in ŭa waa and uniquely in one native lexical word ŭo which is the Esperanto name of the letter ŭ itself Romanian EditŬ was previously part of the Romanian alphabet U with breve was used only in the ending of a word It was essentially a Latin equivalent of the Slavonic back yer found in languages like Russian Unpronounced in most cases it served to indicate that the previous consonant was not palatalized or that the preceding i was the vowel i and not a mere marker of palatalization When ŭ was pronounced it would follow a stressed vowel and stand in for semivowel u as in words eŭ aŭ and meŭ all spelled today without the breve Once frequent it survives today in author Mateiu Caragiale s name originally spelled Mateiŭ it is not specified whether the pronunciation should adopt a version that he himself probably never used while in many editions he is still credited as Matei In other names only the breve was dropped while preserving the pronunciation of a semivowel u as is the case of B P Hasdeŭ Romanization of Indic scripts EditWhen transcribing Malayalam texts into ISO 15919 usually the final glottal stop is transcribed as ŭ an epenthetic vowel a rule called as saṁvr tōkaram In Tamil any wordfinal u is always a short vowel hence transcribing it as ŭ a rule called as kuṟṟiyal ukaram The Kashmiri vowel is also sometimes transcribed as ŭ Other uses EditIn some philological transcriptions of Latin ŭ denotes a short U for example fŭgō ˈfʊɡoː to chase away vs fumō ˈfuːmoː to smoke The letter is also commonly used among Slavists to denote the short back closed vowel of Proto Slavic The McCune Reischauer Romanization of Korean uses ŭ to signify the close back unrounded vowel in 으 Several schemes for pronunciation of English words have used ŭ For example The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language has used ŭ for ʌ the vowel in the English word cut Sutterlin u In Kurrentschrift an outdated script used in German handwriting the lower case letter u is adorned with a breve to distinguish it from the otherwise identical letter n The script was used for teaching writing in schools the last variant known as Sutterlinschrift as late as 1941 The ingrained habit of writing ŭ for u persisted for a long time even as people switched to cursive scripts with easily distinguishable shapes for u and n occasionally leading to confusion between ŭ meaning u and u among later generations not brought up with this tick See also EditEsperanto orthography Short U Ў used in Belarusian and Uzbek Cyrillic alphabet Breve Short I J Ĉ Ĝ Ĥ Ĵ ŜNotes Edit S Young 2006 Belorussian In the Encyclopedia of language and linguistics 2nd ed Bulyka Bulyka U neskladovae Encyklapedyya litaratury i mastactva Belarusi T 4 p 377 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ŭ amp oldid 1129364402, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
