Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan

"Zayed" and "Sheikh Zayed" redirect here. For other uses, see Zayed (disambiguation) and Sheikh Zayed (disambiguation).

In this Arabic name, the surname is Al Nahyan.

Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (Arabic: زَايِد بِن سُلْطَان آل نَهْيَان, romanized: Zāyed bin Sulṭān Āl Nahyān; 6 May 1918 – 2 November 2004) was an Emirati politician, statesman, and philanthropist who served as the first president of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from 1971 until his death in 2004.^[1][2] He is credited as the founding father^[3][4][5][6] and the principal driving force behind the formation of the UAE, uniting seven emirates. He was also the ruler of Abu Dhabi from 1966 until his death.^[7]

Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
Official portrait, 1971
1st President of the United Arab Emirates
In office	2 December 1971 – 2 November 2004
Prime Minister	Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Vice President	Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Predecessor	Post established
Successor	Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Emir of Abu Dhabi
Reign	6 August 1966 – 2 November 2004
Predecessor	Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan
Successor	Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Born	(1918-05-06)6 May 1918^[1] Abu Dhabi (majority view, see text), Emirate of Abu Dhabi, Trucial States (now the UAE)
Died	2 November 2004(2004-11-02) (aged 86) Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Burial	Sheikh Zayed Mosque
Spouse	Sheikha Hassa bint Mohammed Al Nahyan Sheikha bint Madhad Al Mashghouni Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi Mouza bint Suhail Al Khaili Ayesha bint Ali Al Darmaki Amna bint Salah Buduwa Al Darmaki
Issue	see list
Names Zayed bin Sultan bin Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan
House	Al Nahyan
Father	Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Mother	Salama bint Butti Al Qubaisi
Religion	Sunni Islam

Zayed replaced his older brother Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan as the ruler of Abu Dhabi on 6 August 1966 after Shakhbut was deposed through a bloodless coup by members of the ruling family with British support.^[8]

Family and early life

Zayed was the youngest of four sons of Sheikh Sultan bin Khalifa Al Nahyan.^[7][2] His father was the ruler of Abu Dhabi from 1922 until his death in 1926. Zayed was the youngest of his four brothers.^[7] His eldest brother, Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan, became ruler of Abu Dhabi after their uncle, Saqr bin Zayed Al Nahyan. His mother was Sheikha Salama bint Butti.^[9][10] She extracted a promise from her sons not to use violence against each other, a promise which they kept.^[11] Sheikh Zayed was named after his grandfather, Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan ("Zayed the Great"), who ruled the emirate from 1855 to 1909.^[12] At the time of Sheikh Zayed's birth, the sheikhdom of Abu Dhabi was one of seven Trucial States along the lower coast of the Persian Gulf.^[13] He also showed interest in falconry.^[14]

It is normally held that he was born at Qasr al-Hosn in Abu Dhabi, with some sources stating that he was born in Al Ain,^[15][16] particularly at Sultan Bin Zayed Fort on the edge of Al Ain Oasis.^[17] He is at least known to have moved from Abu Dhabi to Al Ain in 1927, after the death of his father.^[1][18] As Zayed was growing up in Al-Ain, there were no modern schools anywhere along the coast. He only received a basic instruction in the principles of Islam, and lived in the desert with Bedouin tribesmen, familiarising himself with the life of the people, their traditional skills and their ability to survive under the harsh climatic conditions.^[19]

Career and reign

 

Sheikh Zayed next to his son Sheikh Khalifa

Zayed was appointed the governor of the Eastern Region of Abu Dhabi in 1946,^[12] and was based in the Muwaiji fort in Al Ain. At this time, the area was poor and prone to outbreaks of disease. When parties from Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) began exploring for oil in the area, Zayed assisted them.^{[20][page needed]}

In 1952, a small Saudi Arabian force led by Turki bin Abdullah Al-Otaishan occupied the village of Hamasa in the Buraimi Oasis (the 'Buraimi Dispute'). Zayed was prominent in his opposition to Saudi territorial claims and reportedly rejected a bribe of about £30 million to allow Aramco to explore for oil in the disputed territory. As part of this dispute, Zayed and his brother Hazza attended the Buraimi arbitration tribunal in Geneva in September 1955 and gave evidence to tribunal members. When the tribunal was abandoned amid allegations of Saudi bribery, the British initiated the reoccupation of the Buraimi Oasis through a local military force, the Trucial Oman Levies. A period of stability followed during which Zayed helped to develop the region and took a particular interest in the restoration of the falaj system, a network of water channels which kept the plantations of the Buraimi Oasis irrigated and fertile.^{[20][page needed][21]}

The discovery of oil in 1958, and the start of oil exports in 1962, led to frustration among members of the ruling family about the lack of progress under Sheikh Shakhbut's rule.^[22] Shakhbut was seen as averse to spending revenue from oil money to develop the emirate by other members of Al Nahyan and hence they requested British help to install Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan as the ruler of Abu Dhabi in his stead through a bloodless coup.^[23] On 6 August 1966, Shakhbut was deposed in a bloodless palace coup.^[24] The move to replace Shakhbut with Zayed had the unanimous backing of the Al Nahyan family.^[25] The news was conveyed to Shakhbut by British Acting Resident Glen Balfour-Paul who added the support of the British to the consensus of the family. Shakhbut finally accepted the decision and, with the Trucial Oman Scouts providing safe transport, left for Bahrain.^{[21][26][page needed][25]} He subsequently lived in Khorramshahr, Iran before returning to live in Buraimi.^[25]

In the late 1960s, Zayed hired Katsuhiko Takahashi, a Japanese architect, to design and plan the city of Abu Dhabi.^[27] Takahashi, working to instructions from Zayed, often marked out in sand with a camel stick,^[28] was responsible for a number of key buildings, while also introducing wide roads, the construction of corniches and also greening the city.^[29] Another architect, Egyptian Abdulrahman Makhlouf, also worked to render Zayed's instructions into city plans and infrastructural projects following Takahashi's departure.^[30]

Between 8–11 January 1968, the UK's Foreign Office Minister Goronwy Roberts visited the Trucial States and announced to its shocked rulers that the United Kingdom would abrogate its treaties with them and intended to withdraw from the area.^[31] In a seminal meeting on 18 February 1968 at a desert highland on the border between Dubai and Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum of Dubai shook hands on the principle of founding a Federation and attempting to invite other trucial rulers to join in order that a viable nation be formed in the wake of the British withdrawal.^[32]

In 1971, after occasionally difficult negotiations with the other six rulers of the Trucial States, the United Arab Emirates was formed. Zayed was appointed to the presidency of the UAE in 1971 and was reappointed on four more occasions: 1976, 1981, 1986, and 1991.^[33]

In 1974, Zayed settled the outstanding border dispute with Saudi Arabia by the Treaty of Jeddah by which Saudi Arabia received the output of the Shaybah oilfield and access to the lower Persian Gulf in return for recognising the UAE.^[34]

In 1976 he founded the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, which grew to be the world's third-largest sovereign investment fund by 2020,^[35] with nearly a trillion US dollars' worth of assets under management.^[36]

Attitudes

 

Sheikh Zayed salutes Tunisian crowd during his visit to Kairouan City in the mid-70s

Sheikh Zayed was determined to unite the Emirates into federation. His calls for cooperation extended across the Persian Gulf to Iran. He advocated dialogue as the means to settle the row with Tehran over three strategic Persian Gulf islands which Iran seized from the (future) UAE Emirate of Sharjah in 1971. The islands remain in Iranian hands, despite over three decades of UAE diplomatic initiatives.^{[citation needed]}

The attitude of Zayed towards his neighbors can best be seen^[opinion] in his position regarding the "Umm al Zamul" dispute (1964), when he expressed a genuine wish that his brother Sheikh Shakhbut would accept "the Sultan's proposal for a neutral zone". He said in that regard: "... it was ridiculous to squabble over a [water] well so bitter that few bedouin could stomach its waters, or to split hairs over a tiny area of barren, almost totally unfrequented desert. And even if there happened to be oil in the area, Abu Dhabi had so much already that she could well afford to spare some for her less fortunate neighbours".^{[37][page needed]}

Furthermore, during the negotiations between Abu Dhabi and Dubai that resulted in forming the Abu Dhabi — Dubai Union (which preceded the formation of the United Arab Emirates), Sheikh Zayed was extremely generous with the Sheikh Rashid of Dubai. Kemal Hamza, Sheikh Rashid's envoy to the meeting between Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid in Sumeih remarked that "Zayed was extremely 'karim' (generous) throughout the negotiations and seemed prepared to give Rashid whatever he wanted". This amounted to Zayed giving Rashid "oil rights in the sea-bed that might be worth milions a year" even at the risk of criticism "at home for giving so much..." It also gave rise to comments that such concessions constituted "an alienation of territory by Abu Dhabi". But the future course of events proved, none of these arguments stood the test of judgment in light of the much higher goal that Sheikh Zayed had in mind, and which in the ultimate analysis amply justified the sacrifices incurred by him. Such concessions are rare in the records of history and news of this generosity travelled far and wide.^{[37][page needed]}

He was considered a relatively liberal ruler, and permitted private media. However, they were expected to practice self-censorship and avoid criticism of Zayed or the ruling families. Freedom of worship was permitted, and to a certain extent allowances were made for expatriate cultures, but this did not always sit comfortably in the eyes of the wider Arab world with Zayed's role as a Muslim head of state.^[21]

Zayed did not shy away from controversy when it came to expressing his opinions on current events in the Arab world. Troubled by the suffering of Iraqi civilians, he took the lead in calling for the lifting of economic sanctions on Iraq imposed by the United Nations in the aftermath of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990, despite Kuwaiti displeasure and opposition.^[38]

Zayed was one of the wealthiest men in the world. A Forbes estimate put his fortune at around US$20 billion in 2004.^[39] The source of this wealth was almost exclusively due to the immense oil wealth of Abu Dhabi and the Emirates, which sit on a pool of a tenth of the world's proven oil reserves. In 1988, he purchased, for £5m, Tittenhurst Park at Sunninghill, Berkshire as his English home.^{[40][41][42][43]}

Policies and charity

At the time the British withdrew from the Persian Gulf in 1971, Zayed oversaw the establishment of the Abu Dhabi Fund for Arab Economic Development; some of its oil riches were channeled to some forty less fortunate Islamic nations in Asia and Africa during the decades that followed.^{[37][page needed]}

Using the country's enormous oil revenues, Zayed built institutions such as hospitals, schools and universities and made it possible for UAE citizens to enjoy free access to them. He was also known for making donations to the tune of millions [pounds sterling] for worthy causes around the Arab World as well as in the neighbouring countries and in the world at large.^{[37][page needed]}

When asked by The New York Times in April 1997 why there is no elected legislature, Zayed replied,

Why should we abandon a system that satisfies our people in order to introduce a system that seems to engender dissent and confrontation? Our system of government is based upon our religion and that is what our people want. Should they seek alternatives, we are ready to listen to them.

We have always said that our people should voice their demands openly. We are all in the same boat, and they are both the captain and the crew. Our doors are open for any opinion to be expressed, and this well known by all our citizens. It is our deep conviction that Allah has created people free, and has prescribed that each individual must enjoy freedom of choice. No one should act as if they own others.

Those in the position of leadership should deal with their subjects with compassion and understanding, because this is the duty enjoined upon them by Allah, who enjoins upon us to treat all living creatures with dignity. How can there be anything less for mankind, created as Allah's successors on earth? Our system of government does not derive its authority from man, but is enshrined in our religion and is based on Allah's Book, the Quran. What need have we of what others have conjured up? Its teachings are eternal and complete, while the systems conjured up by man are transitory and incomplete.^[44]

Land was also often distributed gratis (free). However, while this policy benefited many landless families, enormously wealthy clans and individuals were given free land grants in proportion to their status and influence with the royal family. His majlis (a traditional Arab consultation council) was open to the public.^{[citation needed]} He allowed non-Muslim religious buildings, such as churches and a temple, to be built.^{[citation needed]} Zayed was also in favour of certain rights for women, such as access to education and women's labour rights, within traditional parameters. His views regarding women's rights were considerably more liberal than his counterparts in the GCC nations.^{[citation needed]}

Zayed was one of the founders of the Dar Al Maal Al Islami Trust which was initiated by Saudi royal Mohammed bin Faisal Al Saud, King Faisal's son, in 1981.^[45] After floods ravaged Yemen's Ma'rib Governorate in 1982, Zayed financed the construction of the current dam of Ma'rib in 1984.^[46][47] This was to replace the historical one that was damaged in antiquity, and support the country's agriculture and economy. The area of Ma'rib is reportedly from where his ancestors migrated to what is now the UAE.^[48]

Zayed Centre

Main article: Zayed Centre

Controversy over the opinions of the Zayed Centre caused the Harvard Divinity School to return Sheikh Zayed's $2.5 million gift to the institution in 2000 as "tainted money." Former United States president Jimmy Carter accepted the Zayed International Prize for the Environment in 2001. The award included a monetary prize of $500,000 from the Zayed Centre, and Carter stated in his acceptance speech that the award carried extra significance to him, since it was named after his personal friend.^[49]

There was similar controversy when the London School of Economics accepted a large donation by the Zayed Centre, to build a new lecture theatre in the New Academic Building in 2008.^[50] Despite student protests,^{[citation needed]} the gift was accepted with the Sheikh Zayed Theatre being the second largest lecture hall on the campus.

Harvard's equivocation, the Carter controversy, and the engendering negative publicity, prompted Sheikh Zayed to shut down the centre in August 2003, stating that the Zayed Centre "had engaged in a discourse that starkly contradicted the principles of interfaith tolerance."^[51]

Death

On 2 November 2004, Zayed died at the age of 86. He had been suffering from diabetes and kidney problems.^[1] He was buried in the courtyard of the new Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi. His eldest son, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan,^[1][2] took an increasing role in government beginning in the 1980s. Directly after his father's death, he became the Ruler of Abu Dhabi, and was ratified as the president of the United Arab Emirates by his fellow rulers in the Supreme Council.

Memorials and legacy

• Zayed University, a government-sponsored higher education institution with campuses in Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
• Shaikh Zayed University, located in Khost, southeastern Afghanistan. It was built with the aid of Sheikh Zayed.
• Sheikh Zayed City in Greater Cairo, Giza Province, Egypt, built depending on a donation from Abu Dhabi Fund for Development, on directions of Sheikh Zayed.^[46]
• The Zayed International Prize for the Environment and Zayed Future Energy Prize are named in his honour.
• The Kukës International Airport "Zayed-Flatrat e Veriut" in the northern city of Kukës, Albania, was named after him.
• Shaikh Zayed International Airport (Rahim Yar Khan) located in Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan, is named in his honor.
• Shaikh Zayed Medical College and Hospital located at Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan, was named in his honor.
• Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan's Mosque, also known as Stockholm Mosque, in Stockholm, Sweden.
• A lecture theater was named in his honor at the London School of Economics.
• A Hafiz School in Gudermes, Chechen Republic, was named in the Sheikh's honor.
• The Sheikh Zayed Arab Falconry Heritage Wing at The World Center of Birds of Prey in Boise, Idaho which was set up through a donation from Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, son of Sheikh Zayed.
• The current dam in Ma'rib is also called "Zayed Dam".^[47]
• Zayed Town, located in Central Bahrain, was financed by Shaikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan and named in his honour. The first phase of this township project was inaugurated in 2001.
• A street in Montenegro was named for his memory in 2013.^[52]
• Shaikh Zayed Hospital for children and another for women in Larkana Sindh Pakistan.
• Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore Punjab Pakistan, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex Lahore.
• The 5th ring road in Kuwait is now named in honor of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.
• The Sheikh Zayed Tower at the Johns Hopkins Hospital is named in his honor.
• Sheikh Zayed Hospital located at Vučitrn, Kosovo, was named in his honor.
• One of the main streets of the Berges du Lac neighborhood of Tunis is named in his honor.
• Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.
• Sheikh Zayed Professorship of Cardiovascular Diseases at the Mayo Clinic.
• Sheikh Zayed Children Welfare Centre, a centre for orphaned children located in Mombasa, Kenya.
• 2018, during the Dubai Light Show, is called that year "Year of Zayed", to celebrate 100 years since his birth.^[53]

Founder's Memorial

Main article: The Founder's Memorial

In 2018, a year dedicated in the UAE to the celebration of Zayed's life and legacy,^[54] the Founder's Memorial was opened in Abu Dhabi. The memorial consists of an open Heritage Garden and Sanctuary Garden at the centre of which is a cubic pavilion housing The Constellation, an artwork dedicated to Zayed's memory.

Marriage and children

Zayed bin Sultan married seven times and has 18 sons.^[55] His children are as follows:

Name	Lifespan	Notes
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan	7 September 1948 – 13 May 2022	Former President of UAE and Ruler of Abu Dhabi Was married to Shamsa bint Suhail Al Mazrouei (b. 1950)
Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan	1 December 1955 – 18 November 2019^[56]	Former Deputy Prime Minister of the UAE
Shamsa bint Zayed Al Nahyan
Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan	11 March 1961 (1961-03-11) (age 61)	Current President of UAE and Ruler of Abu Dhabi, current Deputy Supreme Commander of UAE Armed Forces Sheikha Salama bint Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Nahyan ​ ​ (m. 1981)​
Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan	1963 (age 59–60)	Sheikha Shamsa bint Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Nahyan ​ ​ (m. 1979)​
Hazza bin Zayed Al Nahyan	1965 (age 57–58)	Mozah Bint Mohammed Bin Butti Al Hamed ​ ​ (m. 1981)​
Tahnoun bin Zayed Al Nahyan	4 December 1969 (1969-12-04) (age 53)	Skilled Jiu-Jitsu practitioner^[57]^[58] and son of Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi. He works in the banking sector.^[59]
Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan	20 November 1970 (1970-11-20) (age 52)	Alia bint Mohammed bin Butti Al Hamed ​ ​ (m. 1995)​ Manal bint Mohammed Al Maktoum ​ ​ (m. 2005)​
Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan	30 April 1972 (1972-04-30) (age 50)	Sheikha Alyazia bint Saif Al Nahyan ​ ​ (m. 1988)​
Al Yazia bint Zayed Al Nahyan	1968 (age 54–55)	Daughter of Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi^[60]
Shamma bint Zayed Al Nahyan	1967 (age 55–56)	Daughter of Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi^[60]
Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan	1968 (age 54–55)	Deputy Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates
Hamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan	1971 (age 51–52)^[61]	Chief of Abu Dhabi Crown Prince's Court
Omar bin Zayed Al Nahyan		Son of Mouza bint Suhail Al Khaili second deputy president of Baniyas Sports Club^[62]
Ahmed bin Zayed Al Nahyan	(1968–26 March 2010)	Son of Mouza bint Suhail Al Khaili
Shamsa bint Zayed Al Nahyan^[citation needed]
Afra bint Zayed Al Nahyan		Daughter of Mouza bint Suhail Al Khaili
Issa bin Zayed Al Nahyan		Real estate developer
Nasser bin Zayed Al Nahyan	(1969–2 June 2008)	Former chairman of the Abu Dhabi planning and economy department
Rawdha bint Zayed Al Nahyan
Dana Amari bint Zayed Al Nahyan
Saeed bin Zayed Al Nahyan	(born 1965)
Falah bin Zayed Al Nahyan^[63]	7 November 1970 (1970-11-07) (age 52)
Nahyan bin Zayed Al Nahyan^[63]
Dhiyab bin Zayed Al Nahyan^[63]		Chairman of Al Wahda Football Club, former Chairman of Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority^[64]
Latifa bint Zayed Al Nahyan
Mouza bint Zayed Al Nahyan
Wadeema bint Zayed Al Nahyan
Sheikha bint Zayed Al Nahyan

Ancestry

Ancestors of Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
16. Sheikh Shakbut bin Dhiyab, ruler 8. Sheikh Khalifa bin Shakbut, ruler 4. Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa, ruler 2. Sheikh Sultan bin Zayed, ruler 1. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan 12. Khadim^[65]^: 26 6. Sheikh Butti Al Qubaisi 3. Sheikha Salma bint Butti Al Qubaisi

See also

•  United Arab Emirates portal
•  Biography portal

• Champions of the Earth, 2005 award by United Nations Environment Programme

References

1. Martin, Douglas (3 November 2004). "Zayed bin Sultan, Gulf Leader and Statesman, Dies". The New York Times. from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
2. Killgore, Andrew I. (March 2005). "Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1918–2004)". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs: 41. (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
3. Salim, Sahim. "UAE themes: From Year of Zayed to Giving and Tolerance". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
4. Freelance, Motivate (16 March 2021). "Sheikh Khalifa announces 2021 as Year of the 50th". Gulf Business. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
5. "Year-long grand celebrations marking 50 years of UAE". gulfnews.com. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
6. Monsy, Karen Ann. "Watch: Sheikh Zayed at first police graduation ceremony 50 years ago". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
7. Hamad Ali Al Hosani. "The Political Thought of Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan" (PhD Thesis). (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
8. Helene von Bismarck (29 March 2013). British Policy in the Persian Gulf, 1961–1968: Conceptions of Informal Empire. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-137-32673-7. Retrieved 14 May 2022. On the evening of 4 August, a letter was eventually delivered to Nuttall in the political agency in Abu Dhabi, stating the desire of the ‘Heads and lawful representatives of [the] Ruling family’ to depose the ruler and asking the British Government for its help in removing him from the shaikhdom
9. Rabi, Uzi (May 2006). (PDF). British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 33 (1): 37–50. doi:10.1080/13530190600603832. S2CID 145543142. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
10. Al Hashemi, Bushra Alkaff (27 February 2013). "Memories of a simpler time". The National. from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
11. Michael Tomkinson (1970), The United Arab Emirates &#91al-Imārāt al- ʻArabīyah al-Muttaḥidah (romanized form)&#93, Hammamet, Tunisia, ISBN 0-9504344-3-4, 0950434434, retrieved 3 August 2016{{citation}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
12. Joffe, Lawrence (3 November 2004). "Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan". The Guardian. from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
13. Donald Hawley (1970), The Trucial States (second impression ed.), London: Allen & Unwin (published 1971), ISBN 0-04-953005-4, OL 5274266M, 0049530054
14. "European falconers recall charm of Sheikh Zayed: 'If there was a room, he filled it'". 8 December 2017.
15. "ALAIN". The Report: Abu Dhabi 2014. Oxford Business Group. 25 March 2014. p. 228. ISBN 9781907065972. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
16. The Rough Guide to Dubai. Rough Guides UK. 1 November 2016. ISBN 978-0-2412-9864-0.
17. Insight Guides Oman & the UAE (Travel Guide eBook). Insight Guides. APA Publications (UK) Limited. 1 December 2015. ISBN 9781780055480.
18. . AMEinfo. 2 November 2004. Archived from the original on 29 April 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
20. Edward Henderson (1988), This strange eventful history, London: Quartet Books, ISBN 0-7043-2671-X, OL 1844865M, 070432671X
21. "Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan", Daily Telegraph, London, 4 November 2004, from the original on 25 June 2013
22. "Farewell Arabia (1968)". Special Operations History Foundation. from the original on 29 April 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
23. Colgan, Jeff D. (2021). Partial Hegemony: Oil Politics and International Order. Oxford University Press. pp. 149–150. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197546376.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-754637-6.
24. Helene von Bismarck (29 March 2013). British Policy in the Persian Gulf, 1961–1968: Conceptions of Informal Empire. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-137-32673-7. (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
25. De Butts, Freddie (1995). Now the Dust Has Settled. Tabb House. p. 209. ISBN 1873951132.
26. Christopher M. Davidson (2009), Abu Dhabi oil and beyond, New York: Columbia University Press, OL 23186143M
27. Building a city from the sands 5 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine The National. 11 September 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
28. Zacharias, Anna (4 May 2020). "How Abu Dhabi was built: a tale told through its multi-cultural architecture". The National. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
29. "Sheikh Abdullah honours family of the Japanese architect who designed Abu Dhabi". The National. 5 April 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
30. Reynolds, Rory (14 December 2021). "City planner behind Abu Dhabi's layout dies aged 98". The National. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
31. Heard-Bey, Frauke (1996). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates. UK: Longman. p. 339. ISBN 0582277280.
32. Maktoum, Mohammed (2012). Spirit of the Union. UAE: Motivate. pp. 30–34. ISBN 9781860633300.
33. Federal Research Division (June 2004), United Arab Emirates: A Country Study, Kessinger Publishing (published 2004), ISBN 9781419292118, from the original on 10 June 2016, retrieved 3 August 2016
34. Schofield R., Evans K.E. (eds) Arabian Boundaries: New Documents (2009), vol. 15, pp. viii–xv.
35. "Report: Abu Dhabi Investment, the third largest sovereign wealth fund in the world". Saudi 24 News. 16 August 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
36. Bloomberg (2 March 2021). "Wealth fund newbie comes into focus in Abu Dhabi's $1 trillion sovereign hub". Gulf Business. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
37. Maitra, Jayanti (2015). Zayed: From challenges to union (Second ed.). National Archives, Abu Dhabi, UAE. ISBN 978-9948-05-066-7.
38. "UAE – News Reports". UAE Interact. from the original on 4 May 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
39. "Royals & Rulers". Forbes. 15 March 2004. from the original on 10 November 2012.
40. "Tittenhurst Park". gen4trip.com. from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
41. "Tittenhurst Park". Beatles Blog. 14 May 2011. (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
42. . Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
43. "The Beatles Bible – Ringo Starr buys Tittenhurst Park from John Lennon and Yoko Ono". 18 September 1973. from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
44. Hurreiz, Sayyid H. (1 January 2002). Folklore and Folklife in the United Arab Emirates. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780700714131. (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2016 – via Google Books.
45. Mohammed bin Faisal Al Saud (2014). "The Well of Influence". In Emmy Abdul Alim (ed.). Global Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry Milestones and Reflections. Singapore: Wiley. p. 56. doi:10.1002/9781118638804.ch3. ISBN 978-1-118-46524-0.
46. . Khaleej Times. WAM. 29 July 2013. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
47. M. Al-Qalisi; J. Vela (30 September 2015). "The dam that Sheikh Zayed built". The National. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
48. Robert D. Burrowes, ed. (2010). Historical Dictionary of Yemen. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 234–319. ISBN 978-0810855281.
49. Greif, Lloyd (26 April 2008). "To see Jimmy Carter's true allegiances, just follow the money". Daily News. New York. from the original on 8 July 2009.
50. Hodges, Lucy (20 November 2008). "The LSE's jaw-dropping £71m structure is a building to wow students". The Independent. London. from the original on 28 March 2010.
51. Jacoby, Jeff (31 August 2003). "Harvard must give back tainted money". The Boston Globe. from the original on 7 May 2007. Retrieved 30 April 2008.
52. "Montenegro names a street after UAE Sheikh Zayed". Balkan Business News. 12 June 2013. (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
53. "2018 rings in Year of Zayed". Gulf News. 1 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
54. "الصفحة الرئيسية". www.zayed.ae (in Arabic). Retrieved 4 November 2018.
55. "The UAE's new sheikh may jolt both succession and federation". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
56. "Sheikh Khalifa's brother passes away, 3-day mourning declared in UAE". Khaleej Times. 19 November 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
57. "Bjj Eastern Europe – The Black Belt Sheikh: The Incredible Journey of Tahnoon the Godfather of Jiu-Jitsu". www.bjjee.com. 5 May 2016. from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
58. Blum, Sam (29 August 2015). "UFC to UAE: how an Abu Dhabi sheikh made Brazilian jiu-jitsu a national sport". The Guardian. from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
59. "Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan – The World's Richest Arabs". Forbes Middle East. from the original on 9 December 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
60. "UAE First Lady: Behind-the-Scenes Player". United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi. 6 October 2004. from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
61. "Abu Dhabi Emirate Restructuring". United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi. 15 December 2004. from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
62. "Stocks". Bloomberg.com. from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
63. Christopher M. Davidson (Spring 2006). "After Shaikh Zayed : the politics of succession in Abu Dhabi and the United Arab Emirates". Middle East Policy. XIII (1): 57. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4967.2006.00237.x.
64. Executive Bio H.H. Sheikh Diab bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
65. Al-Dhahiri, Shamsa Hamad (December 2014). "Sheikh Hazza' Bin Sultan Bin Zayed Al Nahyan (1905-1958) Representative of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi in the Western Region" (PDF). In El Reyes, Dr. Abdulla (ed.). Liwa Journal of the National Archives. United Arab Emirates: Emirati National Archives. pp. 25–46. Retrieved 5 February 2017.

External links

•   Media related to Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan at Wikimedia Commons
• Farewell Arabia (1968) – Zayed and the Oil Industry in Abu Dhabi
• Official UAE tribute to Sheikh Zayed
• Sheikh Zayed lecture theatre, in the London School of Economics

Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan House of Al Nahyan Born: 1918 Died: 2 November 2004
Regnal titles
Preceded by Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan	Ruler of Abu Dhabi 6 August 1966 – 2 November 2004	Succeeded by Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Political offices
Preceded by Post Created	President of the United Arab Emirates 2 December 1971 – 2 November 2004	Succeeded by Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan