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Yorta Yorta

The Yorta Yorta, also known as Jotijota,[a] are an Aboriginal Australian people who have traditionally inhabited the area surrounding the junction of the Goulburn and Murray Rivers in present-day north-eastern Victoria and southern New South Wales.

Map of Aboriginal Victorians' language territories

Names edit

As was customary with many tribal names in the Murray basin – Wemba-Wemba, Latjilatji, Muthi Muthi, Nari-Nari and so on – the Yorta ethnonym is derived from reduplicating their word for "no" (yota/yoda).[1][2]

Norman Tindale (1974) listed the following alternative names used to refer to Yorta Yorta people:[3]

  • Arramouro
  • DjaDja Wurrung clan
  • Echuca clan (used of Yorta Yorta clans south of the Murray)
  • Gunbowerooranditchgoole
  • Gunbowers (toponym, now Gunbower)
  • Loddon clan
  • Moira (toponym)
  • Ngarrimouro, Ngarrimowro
  • Wollithiga
  • Woollathura
  • Yoorta (also an exonym for some clans of the Bangerang clan)
  • Yotayota

Language edit

The Yorta Yorta language may be a language isolate within the Pama-Nyungan language family,[4] though it is often treated as a member of the Yotayotic branch of that family along with Yabula Yabula, which is not particularly close. It is a dialect continuum of closely related languages traditionally spoken on either side of the Murray River from west of Echuca to east of the Cobram/Tocumwal area, and south-east along the Goulburn River as far as the Mooroopna/Shepparton. It was the first language for many of these groups down to around 1960 but elements of the language are still transmitted in families by descendants to this day.[5]

It shares few similarities in vocabulary with the languages used by neighbouring tribes, and lexically seems closest to Pallanganmiddang.[4]

Social organisation edit

The Yorta Yorta were divided into clans, of which the names of ten were enumerated by Edward Micklethwaite Curr based on the situation in the 1840s:-

  • Wongātpan. (150 persons)
  • DjaDja Wurrung. (150 persons)
  • Tōwroonbanā. (50 persons)
  • Wollīthiga. (50 persons)
  • Kaīilthiban.[b](50 persons)
  • Moītheriban. (300 persons)
  • Pikkolātpan. (100 persons)
  • Angōōtheriban. (100 persons)
  • Ngarrimōwro. (100 persons)
  • Toolenyāgan. (100 persons)
  • Boongātpan[6]

Tindale (1974) named only three:[7]

  • Gunbowerooranditchgoole..[c]
  • Ngarrimouro
  • Woollathura

Another source mentions "Dhulinyagan".[8]

The numbers may well estimate the historic population since evidence from oven mounds in the area suggested a higher population density in former times, and it is known that the area was ravaged by smallpox epidemics.[citation needed]

In modern times, the Yorta Yorta comprise a number of historically distinct tribes, as well as clans and family groups descending directly from the original Yorta Yorta. Tribes that now come under the general umbrella term of Yorta Yorta include the Bangerang and Kwatkwat. Clans groups represented include the Kailtheban, Wollithiga, Moira, Ulupna, Yalaba Yalaba, and Ngurai-illiam-wurrung.[9]

1995 Native title claim edit

In a Native title claim submitted in 1995 by the Yorta Yorta people, it was determined by Justice Olney in 1998 that the "tide of history" had "washed away" any real acknowledgement of traditional laws and any real observance of traditional customs by the applicants.[10] An appeal was made to the full bench of the Federal Court on the grounds that "the trial judge erroneously adopted a 'frozen in time' approach" and "failed to give sufficient recognition to the capacity of traditional laws and customs to adapt to changed circumstances". The Appeal was dismissed in a majority 2 to 1 decision.[11] The case was taken on appeal to the High Court of Australia but also dismissed in a 5 to 2 majority ruling in December 2002.[12][13]

In response to the failed native title claim, in May 2004 the Victoria State Government led by Premier Steve Bracks signed an historic co-operative management agreement with the Yorta Yorta people covering public land, rivers and lakes in north-central Victoria. The agreement gives the Yorta Yorta people a say in the management of the traditional country including the Barmah State Park, Barmah State Forest, Kow Swamp and public land along the Murray and Goulburn rivers. Ultimate decision-making responsibility was retained by the Environment Minister.[14]

Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation edit

The Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation (YYNAC), established in 1999 and not to be confused with the former Yorta Yorta Local Aboriginal Land Council which took ownership of Cummeragunja Reserve in NSW in 1984,[15] has its headquarters in Barmah and a branch office in Shepparton.[16] YYNAC is governed by a board of seven directors, one of whom is an Elder’s representative, and a Council of Elders comprising 16 Yorta Yorta family group representatives. There is a CEO who manages the day-to-day operations, administration and personnel.[17]

History edit

The Aborigines Advancement League (AAL) was established in the 1930s by Yorta Yorta activists such as William Cooper, Sir Douglas Nicholls, Marj Tucker, Geraldine Briggs and Shadrach James. It lodged a claim for the Barmah Forest in 1975 which was rejected by the Victorian Government.[18]

The Yorta Yorta Tribal Council (YYTC), formally established in April 1983,[19][18][20] but according to some accounts originally established in 1972 by Elizabeth Maud Hoffman, Margaret Wirrpanda and others,[21][22] took over the work of the AAL in working for the Yorta Yorta people. Among the founders were It made another claim for the Barmah Forest in 1984[23] under the Cain government, which did not succeed.[18]

The Yorta Yorta Tribal Council was superseded by the Yorta Yorta Clans Group (YYCG) in 1989, which broadened its scope and encompassed a wider geographic area of traditional Yorta Yorta land. YYCG was superseded by the YYNAC in 1999.[18]

TOSA land settlement edit

In October 2010, the State entered into a Traditional Owner Land Management Agreement with the Yorta Yorta, which established the Yorta Yorta Traditional Owner Land Management Board to jointly manage Barmah National Park (a "TOSA" settlement, under the Traditional Owner Settlement Act 2010[24]).

The Yorta Yorta Traditional Owner Land Management Board is a unit of YYNAC.[17] As recognised traditional owners of the land, a joint management plan is as of 2020 being agreed between the YYNAC and the State of Victoria. Parks Victoria, as designated manager of Barmah National Park, will have responsibility for implementing many of the plan's strategies and actions, working in partnership with the YYNAC and other partners such as the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP).[25]

Prominent people edit

Music edit

 
Indigenous pop singer Jessica Mauboy performs "Ngarra Burra Ferra" at the 2013 Mbantua Festival in Alice Springs, with Aboriginal Australian students from Yipirinya State Primary School, of which Mauboy is the official ambassador.

The track "Ngarra Burra Ferra" sung by indigenous artist Jessica Mauboy, from the 2012 hit film The Sapphires, is a song based on the traditional Aboriginal hymn "Bura Fera". The song is in the Yorta Yorta language and speaks of God's help in decimating Pharaoh's armies. The chorus, "Ngara burra ferra yumini yala yala", translates into English as "The Lord God drowned all Pharaoh's armies, hallelujah!" These lyrics are based on an ancient song in Jewish tradition known as the "Song of the Sea" from the Book of Exodus. Aboriginal communities of Victoria and southern New South Wales may be the only people in the world who still sing the piece (in Yorta Yorta).[29]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The presence of the "r" in the first term does not indicate the presence of a Rhotic consonant, but probably merely indicates a vowel quality similar to the aw sound in yawn (Bowe & Morey 1999, p. 3)
  2. ^ also called Waarīngulum (Bowe & Morey 1999, p. 6)
  3. ^ -goole represents kuli, meaning "man"

Citations edit

  1. ^ Tindale 1974, p. 41.
  2. ^ Bowe & Morey 1999, p. 3.
  3. ^ Tindale 1974, p. 194
  4. ^ a b Bowe & Morey 1999, p. 4.
  5. ^ Bowe & Morey 1999, p. 1.
  6. ^ Bowe & Morey 1999, p. 6.
  7. ^ (Tindale 1974, p. 194)
  8. ^ Koori History 2016.
  9. ^ Yorta Yorta Co-operative Management Agreement.
  10. ^ AustLII 1998.
  11. ^ AustLII 2001.
  12. ^ AustLII 2002.
  13. ^ The World Today 2002.
  14. ^ Shiel 2004.
  15. ^ "Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria [2002] HCA 58 (12 December 2002)". kooriweb. Retrieved 4 August 2020. In 1984, as a consequence of the operation of provisions of the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983 (NSW), an estate in fee simple in the former reserve land at Cummeragunja was vested in the Yorta Yorta Local Aboriginal Land Council.
  16. ^ "Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation". Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation. 5 February 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  17. ^ a b "YYNAC Governance". Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation. 12 August 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  18. ^ a b c d Atkinson, Wayne (10 September 2015). "The history of the YYNAC". Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  19. ^ Atkinson, Wayne. "Chronology of the Yorta Yorta Struggle for Land Justice 1860–2009: A prima facie case for prioritising Yorta Yorta Nations in the Governments Land Justice Agenda" (PDF). Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  20. ^ "May 2009". Yumpu. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  21. ^ "Elizabeth Maud Morgan-Hoffmann". www.aboriginalvictoria.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  22. ^ "Aunty Elizabeth Morgan-Hoffman". Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation. 5 February 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  23. ^ Marcussen, Lisa (November 2014). "Selected bibliography of material on theYorta Yorta/ Yota Yota language and peopleheld in the AIATSIS Library" (PDF). AIATSIS. Retrieved 6 August 2020. Corporate Author: Yorta Yorta Tribal Council. Title: Land claim submission / prepared by M. Wirrpanda, W.Atkinson and S. Bailey. Publication info: Shepparton, Vic 1984
  24. ^ "Agreements with Traditional Owners". Victoria Government. Dept of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) Forests and Reserves. State of Victoria (Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning). 12 June 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2020.   Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. (Stated here.)
  25. ^ "FAQ". Yorta Yorta Traditional Owner Land Management Board. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  26. ^ Barnett 2013.
  27. ^ The Argus 1938, p. 3.
  28. ^ AFL 2007.
  29. ^ towalkwithyou.com 2013.

Sources edit

  • Barnett, Laura (22 October 2013). "Aboriginal opera singer Deborah Cheetham: 'Not everyone was as lucky as me'". The Guardian.
  • Blandowski, W. von (1858). "Recent discoveries in natural history on the Lower Murray". Transactions of the Philosophical Society of Victoria. 2: 124–127.
  • Bowe, Heather; Morey, Stephen (1999). The Yorta Yorta (Bangerang) language of the Murray Goulburn: including Yabula Yabula. Pacific Linguistics. ISBN 978-0-858-83513-9.
  • Curr, Edward Micklethwaite (1887). "Book The Twenty-Third" (PDF). In Curr, Edward Micklethwaite (ed.). The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent. Vol. 3. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 567–592.
  • "Deputation not admitted". The Argus. Melbourne. 7 December 1938. p. 3. Retrieved 25 February 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  • Goldberg, Dan (10 December 2012). "An Aboriginal Protest Against the Nazis, Finally Delivered". Haaretz.
  • . We Want To Walk With You. 13 September 2013. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
  • Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria [1998] FCA 1606 (18 December 1998), Federal Court (Australia).
  • Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria [2001] FCA 45 (8 February 2001), Federal Court (Full Court) (Australia).
  • Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria [2002] HCA 58, (2002) 214 CLR 422 (12 December 2002), High Court (Australia).
  • "Remembering Margaret Tucker (1904–1996)". Koori History. 6 March 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  • Shiel, Fergus (1 May 2004). "Yorta Yorta win historic deal". The Age. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  • Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Jotijota (NSW)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University Press. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.
  • . Australian Football League. 30 November 2007. Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2007.
  • Yaxley, Louise (12 December 2002). "Yorta Yorta lose native title case". The World Today. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  • . Archived from the original on 13 September 2006.

External links edit

yorta, yorta, also, known, jotijota, aboriginal, australian, people, have, traditionally, inhabited, area, surrounding, junction, goulburn, murray, rivers, present, north, eastern, victoria, southern, south, wales, aboriginal, victorians, language, territories. The Yorta Yorta also known as Jotijota a are an Aboriginal Australian people who have traditionally inhabited the area surrounding the junction of the Goulburn and Murray Rivers in present day north eastern Victoria and southern New South Wales Map of Aboriginal Victorians language territories Contents 1 Names 2 Language 3 Social organisation 4 1995 Native title claim 5 Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation 5 1 History 5 2 TOSA land settlement 6 Prominent people 7 Music 8 See also 9 Notes 9 1 Citations 10 Sources 11 External linksNames editAs was customary with many tribal names in the Murray basin Wemba Wemba Latjilatji Muthi Muthi Nari Nari and so on the Yorta ethnonym is derived from reduplicating their word for no yota yoda 1 2 Norman Tindale 1974 listed the following alternative names used to refer to Yorta Yorta people 3 Arramouro DjaDja Wurrung clan Echuca clan used of Yorta Yorta clans south of the Murray Gunbowerooranditchgoole Gunbowers toponym now Gunbower Loddon clan Moira toponym Ngarrimouro Ngarrimowro Wollithiga Woollathura Yoorta also an exonym for some clans of the Bangerang clan YotayotaLanguage editMain article Yorta Yorta language The Yorta Yorta language may be a language isolate within the Pama Nyungan language family 4 though it is often treated as a member of the Yotayotic branch of that family along with Yabula Yabula which is not particularly close It is a dialect continuum of closely related languages traditionally spoken on either side of the Murray River from west of Echuca to east of the Cobram Tocumwal area and south east along the Goulburn River as far as the Mooroopna Shepparton It was the first language for many of these groups down to around 1960 but elements of the language are still transmitted in families by descendants to this day 5 It shares few similarities in vocabulary with the languages used by neighbouring tribes and lexically seems closest to Pallanganmiddang 4 Social organisation editThe Yorta Yorta were divided into clans of which the names of ten were enumerated by Edward Micklethwaite Curr based on the situation in the 1840s Wongatpan 150 persons DjaDja Wurrung 150 persons Tōwroonbana 50 persons Wollithiga 50 persons Kaiilthiban b 50 persons Moitheriban 300 persons Pikkolatpan 100 persons Angōōtheriban 100 persons Ngarrimōwro 100 persons Toolenyagan 100 persons Boongatpan 6 Tindale 1974 named only three 7 Gunbowerooranditchgoole c Ngarrimouro WoollathuraAnother source mentions Dhulinyagan 8 The numbers may well estimate the historic population since evidence from oven mounds in the area suggested a higher population density in former times and it is known that the area was ravaged by smallpox epidemics citation needed In modern times the Yorta Yorta comprise a number of historically distinct tribes as well as clans and family groups descending directly from the original Yorta Yorta Tribes that now come under the general umbrella term of Yorta Yorta include the Bangerang and Kwatkwat Clans groups represented include the Kailtheban Wollithiga Moira Ulupna Yalaba Yalaba and Ngurai illiam wurrung 9 1995 Native title claim editMain article Yorta Yorta v Victoria In a Native title claim submitted in 1995 by the Yorta Yorta people it was determined by Justice Olney in 1998 that the tide of history had washed away any real acknowledgement of traditional laws and any real observance of traditional customs by the applicants 10 An appeal was made to the full bench of the Federal Court on the grounds that the trial judge erroneously adopted a frozen in time approach and failed to give sufficient recognition to the capacity of traditional laws and customs to adapt to changed circumstances The Appeal was dismissed in a majority 2 to 1 decision 11 The case was taken on appeal to the High Court of Australia but also dismissed in a 5 to 2 majority ruling in December 2002 12 13 In response to the failed native title claim in May 2004 the Victoria State Government led by Premier Steve Bracks signed an historic co operative management agreement with the Yorta Yorta people covering public land rivers and lakes in north central Victoria The agreement gives the Yorta Yorta people a say in the management of the traditional country including the Barmah State Park Barmah State Forest Kow Swamp and public land along the Murray and Goulburn rivers Ultimate decision making responsibility was retained by the Environment Minister 14 Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation editThe Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation YYNAC established in 1999 and not to be confused with the former Yorta Yorta Local Aboriginal Land Council which took ownership of Cummeragunja Reserve in NSW in 1984 15 has its headquarters in Barmah and a branch office in Shepparton 16 YYNAC is governed by a board of seven directors one of whom is an Elder s representative and a Council of Elders comprising 16 Yorta Yorta family group representatives There is a CEO who manages the day to day operations administration and personnel 17 History edit The Aborigines Advancement League AAL was established in the 1930s by Yorta Yorta activists such as William Cooper Sir Douglas Nicholls Marj Tucker Geraldine Briggs and Shadrach James It lodged a claim for the Barmah Forest in 1975 which was rejected by the Victorian Government 18 The Yorta Yorta Tribal Council YYTC formally established in April 1983 19 18 20 but according to some accounts originally established in 1972 by Elizabeth Maud Hoffman Margaret Wirrpanda and others 21 22 took over the work of the AAL in working for the Yorta Yorta people Among the founders were It made another claim for the Barmah Forest in 1984 23 under the Cain government which did not succeed 18 The Yorta Yorta Tribal Council was superseded by the Yorta Yorta Clans Group YYCG in 1989 which broadened its scope and encompassed a wider geographic area of traditional Yorta Yorta land YYCG was superseded by the YYNAC in 1999 18 TOSA land settlement edit In October 2010 the State entered into a Traditional Owner Land Management Agreement with the Yorta Yorta which established the Yorta Yorta Traditional Owner Land Management Board to jointly manage Barmah National Park a TOSA settlement under the Traditional Owner Settlement Act 2010 24 The Yorta Yorta Traditional Owner Land Management Board is a unit of YYNAC 17 As recognised traditional owners of the land a joint management plan is as of 2020 update being agreed between the YYNAC and the State of Victoria Parks Victoria as designated manager of Barmah National Park will have responsibility for implementing many of the plan s strategies and actions working in partnership with the YYNAC and other partners such as the Department of Environment Land Water and Planning DELWP 25 Prominent people editBriggs hip hop artist Burnum Burnum 1936 1997 activist actor and author Deborah Cheetham born 1964 opera singer and composer 26 William Cooper 1861 1941 helped establish the Australian Aborigines League in 1935 led the first Aboriginal deputation to a Commonwealth minister and another to protest the treatment of Jews and Christians in 1938 27 Scott Darlow singer songwriter Rock singer Jeremy Finlayson AFL player with the Port Adelaide Power Isaiah Firebrace singer who represented Australia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 Jimmy Little OAM 1937 2012 musician whose career spanned over six decades His 1958 song Give the Coloured Boy a Chance was the first written and recorded by an Indigenous Australian for the modern music industry Sir Douglas Nicholls 1906 1988 professional athlete pastor and pioneering campaigner for Aboriginal reconciliation the first Aboriginal person to be knighted and the 1976 first Indigenous Australian to hold vice regal office Governor of South Australia Bill Onus 1906 1968 activist and actor Lin Onus AM 1948 1996 artist son of Bill Jack Patten 1905 1957 professional boxer civil rights activist war veteran writer president and co founder of the Aborigines Progressive Association He led the first delegation of Aboriginal people to meet with a serving prime minister John Trevor Patten born 1936 Australian bantamweight boxing champion between 1958 and 1962 Wes Patten born 1974 actor television host and former NRL player Margaret Tucker civil rights activist and writer known for her part in the 1938 Day of Mourning conference First Aboriginal person to have published an autobiography Andrew Walker a former AFL player with the Carlton Football Club David Wirrpanda former AFL player with the West Coast Eagles known for his community work in helping to improve the lives of young Indigenous Australians named the 9th most influential Aboriginal Australian by The Bulletin in 2007 28 Margaret Wirrpanda activist niece of Margaret Tucker born at Cummeragunja New South Wales daughter of activists Geraldine Clements Briggs and Selwyn Briggs amp mother to David Wirrpanda Music edit nbsp Indigenous pop singer Jessica Mauboy performs Ngarra Burra Ferra at the 2013 Mbantua Festival in Alice Springs with Aboriginal Australian students from Yipirinya State Primary School of which Mauboy is the official ambassador The track Ngarra Burra Ferra sung by indigenous artist Jessica Mauboy from the 2012 hit film The Sapphires is a song based on the traditional Aboriginal hymn Bura Fera The song is in the Yorta Yorta language and speaks of God s help in decimating Pharaoh s armies The chorus Ngara burra ferra yumini yala yala translates into English as The Lord God drowned all Pharaoh s armies hallelujah These lyrics are based on an ancient song in Jewish tradition known as the Song of the Sea from the Book of Exodus Aboriginal communities of Victoria and southern New South Wales may be the only people in the world who still sing the piece in Yorta Yorta 29 See also editWharparilla Flora Reserve a small environmental reserve the place where the Yorta Yorta first met European settlersNotes edit The presence of the r in the first term does not indicate the presence of a Rhotic consonant but probably merely indicates a vowel quality similar to the aw sound in yawn Bowe amp Morey 1999 p 3 also called Waaringulum Bowe amp Morey 1999 p 6 goole represents kuli meaning man Citations edit Tindale 1974 p 41 Bowe amp Morey 1999 p 3 Tindale 1974 p 194 a b Bowe amp Morey 1999 p 4 Bowe amp Morey 1999 p 1 Bowe amp Morey 1999 p 6 Tindale 1974 p 194 Koori History 2016 Yorta Yorta Co operative Management Agreement AustLII 1998 AustLII 2001 AustLII 2002 The World Today 2002 Shiel 2004 Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria 2002 HCA 58 12 December 2002 kooriweb Retrieved 4 August 2020 In 1984 as a consequence of the operation of provisions of the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983 NSW an estate in fee simple in the former reserve land at Cummeragunja was vested in the Yorta Yorta Local Aboriginal Land Council Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation 5 February 2020 Retrieved 4 August 2020 a b YYNAC Governance Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation 12 August 2019 Retrieved 4 August 2020 a b c d Atkinson Wayne 10 September 2015 The history of the YYNAC Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation Retrieved 4 August 2020 Atkinson Wayne Chronology of the Yorta Yorta Struggle for Land Justice 1860 2009 A prima facie case for prioritising Yorta Yorta Nations in the Governments Land Justice Agenda PDF Retrieved 6 August 2020 May 2009 Yumpu Retrieved 6 August 2020 Elizabeth Maud Morgan Hoffmann www aboriginalvictoria vic gov au Retrieved 5 August 2020 Aunty Elizabeth Morgan Hoffman Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation 5 February 2020 Retrieved 6 August 2020 Marcussen Lisa November 2014 Selected bibliography of material on theYorta Yorta Yota Yota language and peopleheld in the AIATSIS Library PDF AIATSIS Retrieved 6 August 2020 Corporate Author Yorta Yorta Tribal Council Title Land claim submission prepared by M Wirrpanda W Atkinson and S Bailey Publication info Shepparton Vic 1984 Agreements with Traditional Owners Victoria Government Dept of Environment Land Water and Planning DELWP Forests and Reserves State of Victoria Department of Environment Land Water and Planning 12 June 2019 Retrieved 4 August 2020 nbsp Text was copied from this source which is available under a Attribution 4 0 International CC BY 4 0 licence Stated here FAQ Yorta Yorta Traditional Owner Land Management Board Retrieved 4 August 2020 Barnett 2013 The Argus 1938 p 3 AFL 2007 towalkwithyou com 2013 Sources editBarnett Laura 22 October 2013 Aboriginal opera singer Deborah Cheetham Not everyone was as lucky as me The Guardian Blandowski W von 1858 Recent discoveries in natural history on the Lower Murray Transactions of the Philosophical Society of Victoria 2 124 127 Bowe Heather Morey Stephen 1999 The Yorta Yorta Bangerang language of the Murray Goulburn including Yabula Yabula Pacific Linguistics ISBN 978 0 858 83513 9 Curr Edward Micklethwaite 1887 Book The Twenty Third PDF In Curr Edward Micklethwaite ed The Australian race its origin languages customs place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent Vol 3 Melbourne J Ferres pp 567 592 Deputation not admitted The Argus Melbourne 7 December 1938 p 3 Retrieved 25 February 2018 via National Library of Australia Goldberg Dan 10 December 2012 An Aboriginal Protest Against the Nazis Finally Delivered Haaretz The lyrics to Bura Fera We Want To Walk With You 13 September 2013 Archived from the original on 10 April 2017 Retrieved 26 April 2014 Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria 1998 FCA 1606 18 December 1998 Federal Court Australia Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria 2001 FCA 45 8 February 2001 Federal Court Full Court Australia Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria 2002 HCA 58 2002 214 CLR 422 12 December 2002 High Court Australia Remembering Margaret Tucker 1904 1996 Koori History 6 March 2016 Retrieved 18 February 2020 Shiel Fergus 1 May 2004 Yorta Yorta win historic deal The Age Retrieved 11 September 2011 Tindale Norman Barnett 1974 Jotijota NSW Aboriginal Tribes of Australia Their Terrain Environmental Controls Distribution Limits and Proper Names Australian National University Press ISBN 978 0 708 10741 6 Wirrpanda recognised for work Australian Football League 30 November 2007 Archived from the original on 6 June 2012 Retrieved 30 November 2007 Yaxley Louise 12 December 2002 Yorta Yorta lose native title case The World Today Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 11 September 2012 Yorta Yorta Co operative Management Agreement Archived from the original on 13 September 2006 External links editBibliography of Bangerang language and people resources at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yorta Yorta amp oldid 1178752085, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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