The design of watercraft requires a tradeoff among internal capacity (tonnage), speed and seaworthiness. Tonnage is important for transport of goods, speed is important for warships and racing vessels, and the degree of seaworthiness varies according to the bodies of water on which a watercraft is used. Regulations apply to larger watercraft, to avoid foundering at sea and other problems. Design technologies include the use of computer modeling and ship model basin testing before construction.[3]
Watercraft propulsion can be divided into five categories.
Water power is used by drifting with a river current or a tidal stream. An anchor or weight may be lowered to provide enough steerage way to keep in the best part of the current (as in drudging) or paddles or poles might be used to keep position.
Human effort is used through a pole pushing against the bottom of shallow water, or paddles or oars operating in the surface of the water.
Towing is used, either from the land, such as the bank of a canal, with the motive power provided by draught animals, humans or machinery, or one watercraft may tow another.
Mechanical propulsion uses a motor whose power is derived from burning a fuel or stored energy such as batteries. This power is commonly converted into propulsion by propellers or by water jets, with paddle wheels being a largely historical method.[4]: 33
Any one watercraft might use more than one of these methods at different times or in conjunction with each other. For instance, early steamships often set sails to work alongside the engine power. Before steam tugs became common, sailing vessels would back and fill their sails to maintain a good position in a tidal stream while drifting with the tide in or out of a river. In a modern yacht, motor-sailing – travelling under the power of both sails and engine – is a common method of making progress, if only in and out of harbour.[4]: 33–34 [5]: 199–202 [6]
^McGrail, Sean (2014). Early ships and seafaring : water transport beyond Europe. Barnsley. ISBN9781473825598.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Thomas, Isabel (2014-01-01). First Book of Ships and Boats. A&C Black. ISBN978-1-4729-0105-7.
^Tupper, Eric (1996). Introduction to Naval Architecture. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann.
^ abMcGrail, Sean (2014). Early ships and seafaring : European water transport. South Yorkshire, England: Pen and Sword Archaeology. ISBN9781781593929.
^Harland, John (1984). Seamanship in the Age of Sail: an account of the shiphandling of the sailing man-of-war 1600–1860, based on contemporary sources. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN978-1-8448-6309-9.
^"Glossary of Nautical Terms M". Practical Boat Owner. 11 November 2014.
External linksedit
Look up watercraft or vessel in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Watercraft.
The Canadian Museum of Civilization - Native Watercraft in Canada
A History of Recreational Small Watercraft 2013-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
Recreational Watercraft
January 06, 2024
watercraft, watercraft, waterborne, vessel, vehicle, designed, travel, across, through, water, bodies, such, boat, ship, hovercraft, submersible, submarine, dinghya, 17th, century, sailing, raft, paita, harbour, peru, contents, types, design, propulsion, also,. A watercraft or waterborne vessel is any vehicle designed for travel across or through water bodies such as a boat ship hovercraft submersible or submarine A dinghyA 17th century sailing raft in Paita harbour Peru 1 198 Contents 1 Types 2 Design 3 Propulsion 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksTypes editWatercraft can be grouped into surface vessels which include ships yachts boats hydroplanes wingships unmanned surface vehicles sailboards and human powered craft such as rafts canoes kayaks and paddleboards 2 underwater vessels which include submarines submersibles unmanned underwater vehicles UUVs wet subs and diver propulsion vehicles and amphibious vehicles which include hovercraft car boats amphibious ATVs and seaplanes Many of these watercraft have a variety of subcategories and are used for different needs and applications Design editMain article Naval architecture The design of watercraft requires a tradeoff among internal capacity tonnage speed and seaworthiness Tonnage is important for transport of goods speed is important for warships and racing vessels and the degree of seaworthiness varies according to the bodies of water on which a watercraft is used Regulations apply to larger watercraft to avoid foundering at sea and other problems Design technologies include the use of computer modeling and ship model basin testing before construction 3 Propulsion edit nbsp A Severn class lifeboat in Poole Harbour Dorset England Watercraft propulsion can be divided into five categories Water power is used by drifting with a river current or a tidal stream An anchor or weight may be lowered to provide enough steerage way to keep in the best part of the current as in drudging or paddles or poles might be used to keep position Human effort is used through a pole pushing against the bottom of shallow water or paddles or oars operating in the surface of the water Wind power is used by sails Towing is used either from the land such as the bank of a canal with the motive power provided by draught animals humans or machinery or one watercraft may tow another Mechanical propulsion uses a motor whose power is derived from burning a fuel or stored energy such as batteries This power is commonly converted into propulsion by propellers or by water jets with paddle wheels being a largely historical method 4 33 Any one watercraft might use more than one of these methods at different times or in conjunction with each other For instance early steamships often set sails to work alongside the engine power Before steam tugs became common sailing vessels would back and fill their sails to maintain a good position in a tidal stream while drifting with the tide in or out of a river In a modern yacht motor sailing travelling under the power of both sails and engine is a common method of making progress if only in and out of harbour 4 33 34 5 199 202 6 See also editGlossary of nautical terms Maritime history Ship transport WaterwayReferences edit McGrail Sean 2014 Early ships and seafaring water transport beyond Europe Barnsley ISBN 9781473825598 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Thomas Isabel 2014 01 01 First Book of Ships and Boats A amp C Black ISBN 978 1 4729 0105 7 Tupper Eric 1996 Introduction to Naval Architecture Oxford England Butterworth Heinemann a b McGrail Sean 2014 Early ships and seafaring European water transport South Yorkshire England Pen and Sword Archaeology ISBN 9781781593929 Harland John 1984 Seamanship in the Age of Sail an account of the shiphandling of the sailing man of war 1600 1860 based on contemporary sources London Conway Maritime Press ISBN 978 1 8448 6309 9 Glossary of Nautical Terms M Practical Boat Owner 11 November 2014 External links edit nbsp Look up watercraft or vessel in Wiktionary the free dictionary nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Watercraft The Canadian Museum of Civilization Native Watercraft in Canada A History of Recreational Small Watercraft Archived 2013 12 02 at the Wayback Machine Recreational Watercraft Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Watercraft amp oldid 1182011459, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
