Typhoon Eli, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Konsing,[1] struck the Philippines and Hainan during mid-July 1992. A weak low pressure system developed in the Philippines Sea on July 7, which became a tropical depression on the next day. The depression tracked west-northwest and strengthened into a tropical storm on July 10. After turning more westward, Eli steadily intensified, and obtained typhoon intensity that evening. The storm attained its highest intensity of 130 km/h (80 mph) early on July 11 before striking northern Luzon. After entering the South China Sea, the storm maintained most of its intensity as it approached Hainan, although agencies disagree on how precisely strong it was. After passing through Hainan late on July 13, Eli passed through the Gulf of Tonkin on the next day before striking Vietnam, where Eli quickly dissipated.
Heavy rains associated with Typhoon Eli deluged Luzon and resulted in mudslides surrounding Mount Pinatubo, which had erupted a year prior. Offshore, 10 ships sunk, resulting in a fatality, 19 rescues, and initial reports of 25 missing fishermen. Monetary damage was estimated at US$862,000 (₱22 million).[nb 1][nb 2] Fifteen homes were damaged and five were destroyed. A total of 1,027 families were evacuated from their homes. Throughout the country, four people were killed. Across Hong Kong, 23 people were injured. Farther south, Eli caused widespread damage in northern Hainan, though there were no deaths and only one serious injury. Around 670 ha (1,655 acres) of shrimp farms were flooded. High winds damaged 1,000 ha (2,470 acres) of pepper trees and 800 ha (2,000 acres) of coconut trees. Total economic loss in Hainan was estimated at US$272 million (¥1.5 billion).[nb 3]
Following the recurvature of Tropical Depression Deanna on July 2, 1992, ridging temporarily replaced the monsoon trough across the Philippine Islands and the Philippines Sea. This prompted weak winds out of the southwest to persist at low latitudes, which eventually spawned a weak low pressure area that was first noted by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) on the morning of July 7.[2] On the next day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) first classified the system as a tropical depression.[3][nb 4] After tracking to the south of Guam, the disturbance accelerated west-northwest and increased in organization,[2] prompting JTWC to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 11:02 UTC on July 9. An increase in convective coverage then led the JTWC to declare the system a tropical depression seven hours later.[2][5] The depression was upgraded to a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on July 10 by both the JMA and JTWC as Eli's convective buildup continued.[6][nb 5]
The intensification trend persisted as the storm tracked more westward;[5] the JMA declared Eli a severe tropical storm at 06:00 UTC the same day.[3] Twelve hours later, the JTWC estimated at Eli attained typhoon intensity.[6] At 00:00 UTC on July 11, the JMA upgraded Eli into a typhoon,[3] with the JTWC and JMA also analyzing a peak intensity of 135 km/h (85 mph) and 130 km/h (80 mph) respectively at the same time.[6] Shortly thereafter, the typhoon made landfall on northern Luzon. After entering the South China Sea,[2] the typhoon tracked west[5] as its forward motion slowed in response to Eli nearing the western end of a subtropical ridge.[2] Now tracking west-northwest,[5] data from the JTWC suggested that Eli maintained minimal typhoon intensity until it moved through Hainan on the night of July 13,[2] though data from the JMA indicated that Eli was a weakening tropical storm during this time.[3] The JTWC downgraded Eli into a tropical storm while the system moved west-northwestward across the Gulf of Tonkin.[2] Eli made landfall late on July 13 about 160 km (100 mi) east of Hanoi,[5] with the JMA estimating winds of 80 km/h (50 mph).[3] Eli dissipated over northern Vietnam on July 14.[2]
Impact
The precursor disturbance to Eli dropped .5 in (13 mm) of rain to Guam but there was no damage.[2] Due to the impending threat of Eli, authorities raised typhoon alerts over wide areas of the southern Bicol region and across Luzon. Sixty buses in six town were set up in order to evacuate residents from vulnerable locations.[8][9] Officials evacuated 1,600 people from their homes in three central Luzon towns to escape avalanches of debris from Mount Pinatubo.[2]
Torrential rains associated with Typhoon Eli alleviated drought conditions[10] but also resulted in mudslides in the Mount Pinatubo area of Luzon, where there were reports of three deaths,[2] including a 72-year-old man who died of a heart attack while being evacuated in Minalin.[11] Offshore, 10 ships sunk, resulting in a fatality, 19 rescues,[12] and initial reports of 25 missing fishermen.[13] Monetary damage was estimated at US$862,000 (₱22 million), with around half from crops, and half from infrastructure.[14] Fifteen homes were damaged and five were destroyed. A total of 1,027 families were evacuated from their homes.[1] Throughout the country, four people were killed.[12]
The typhoon posed enough of a threat to Hong Kong to warrant a No 1. hurricane signal on July 11, and this signal was upgraded to a No. 3 a day later before Eli moved away. The outer rainbands brought heavy rains, peaking at 55 mm (2.2 in) in Yuen Long, and strong winds to the area, with a gust of at 137 km/h (85 mph) occurring at Kai Tak Airport while Tai Mo Shan recorded a peak sustained wind of 76 km/h (47 mph). In Hong Kong one worker was injured when he was working on a boat in rough seas off Tsing Yi. Twenty-two passengers were hurt, including fourteen in Tuen Mun. Ferry services to China and Macau from Hong Kong were cancelled or suspended. Elsewhere, Eli caused widespread damage in northern Hainan,[5] though there were no deaths. A farmer broke his legs in Wenchang due to a fallen coconut tree. Around 670 ha (1,655 acres) of shrimp farms were submerged. Strong winds damaged 1,000 ha (2,470 acres) of pepper trees and 800 ha (2,000 acres) of coconut trees.[15] According to news reports, some houses collapsed and electricity cables were damaged while fish ponds were inundated. Total economic loss in Hainan was estimated at US$272 million (¥1.5 billion).[5]
^Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10-minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1-minute winds.[7]
References
^ ab (Report). National Disaster Coordinating Council. November 9, 2004. Archived from the original on November 12, 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
^ abcdefghijkJoint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (1993). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1992 (PDF) (Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. p. 54. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
^ abcdeJapan Meteorological Agency (October 10, 1992). RSMC Best Track Data – 1990–1999 (.TXT) (Report). Retrieved May 20, 2019.
^"Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
^ abcdefgHong Kong Observatory (1993). "Part III – Tropical Cyclone Summaries". Meteorological Results: 1992 (PDF). Meteorological Results (Report). Hong Kong Observatory. p. 15. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
^ abcKenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). 1992 Typhoon ELI (1992188N07156). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
^Christopher W Landsea; Hurricane Research Division (April 26, 2004). "Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?". Frequently Asked Questions. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
^"Storm threatens volcano-ravaged area north of Manila". United Press International. July 10, 1992. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
^"Typhoon Eli Slams Northern Philippines". Associated Press. July 11, 1992. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
^Newman, Steve (July 18, 1992). "Earthweek: A Diary of the Planet For the week ending 17 July, 1992". Toronto Star. p. K2. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
^"Ramos consoles volcano victims beset by mudflows". United Press International. July 12, 1992. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
^ ab"Ten fishing boats sink off Philippines". United Press International. July 13, 1992. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
^"Ten fishing boats sink off Philippines". Associated Press. July 13, 1992. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
^ (Report). National Disaster Coordinating Council. November 9, 2004. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
^"Typhoon Eli Lands Hainan, no Casualties Reported". Xinhua General Overseas News Service. July 13, 1992. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
typhoon, known, philippines, typhoon, konsing, struck, philippines, hainan, during, july, 1992, weak, pressure, system, developed, philippines, july, which, became, tropical, depression, next, depression, tracked, west, northwest, strengthened, into, tropical,. Typhoon Eli known in the Philippines as Typhoon Konsing 1 struck the Philippines and Hainan during mid July 1992 A weak low pressure system developed in the Philippines Sea on July 7 which became a tropical depression on the next day The depression tracked west northwest and strengthened into a tropical storm on July 10 After turning more westward Eli steadily intensified and obtained typhoon intensity that evening The storm attained its highest intensity of 130 km h 80 mph early on July 11 before striking northern Luzon After entering the South China Sea the storm maintained most of its intensity as it approached Hainan although agencies disagree on how precisely strong it was After passing through Hainan late on July 13 Eli passed through the Gulf of Tonkin on the next day before striking Vietnam where Eli quickly dissipated Typhoon EliTyphoon JMA scale Category 1 typhoon SSHWS Typhoon Eli late on July 10FormedJuly 8 1992 July 8 1992 DissipatedJuly 14 1992 July 14 1992 Highest winds10 minute sustained 130 km h 80 mph 1 minute sustained 140 km h 85 mph Lowest pressure965 hPa mbar 28 5 inHgFatalities4 totalDamage 273 million 1992 USD Areas affectedPhilippines HainanPart of the 1992 Pacific typhoon seasonHeavy rains associated with Typhoon Eli deluged Luzon and resulted in mudslides surrounding Mount Pinatubo which had erupted a year prior Offshore 10 ships sunk resulting in a fatality 19 rescues and initial reports of 25 missing fishermen Monetary damage was estimated at US 862 000 22 million nb 1 nb 2 Fifteen homes were damaged and five were destroyed A total of 1 027 families were evacuated from their homes Throughout the country four people were killed Across Hong Kong 23 people were injured Farther south Eli caused widespread damage in northern Hainan though there were no deaths and only one serious injury Around 670 ha 1 655 acres of shrimp farms were flooded High winds damaged 1 000 ha 2 470 acres of pepper trees and 800 ha 2 000 acres of coconut trees Total economic loss in Hainan was estimated at US 272 million 1 5 billion nb 3 Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Impact 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksMeteorological history Edit Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type Tropical cyclone Subtropical cyclone Extratropical cyclone Remnant low Tropical disturbance Monsoon depression Following the recurvature of Tropical Depression Deanna on July 2 1992 ridging temporarily replaced the monsoon trough across the Philippine Islands and the Philippines Sea This prompted weak winds out of the southwest to persist at low latitudes which eventually spawned a weak low pressure area that was first noted by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC on the morning of July 7 2 On the next day the Japan Meteorological Agency JMA first classified the system as a tropical depression 3 nb 4 After tracking to the south of Guam the disturbance accelerated west northwest and increased in organization 2 prompting JTWC to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 11 02 UTC on July 9 An increase in convective coverage then led the JTWC to declare the system a tropical depression seven hours later 2 5 The depression was upgraded to a tropical storm at 00 00 UTC on July 10 by both the JMA and JTWC as Eli s convective buildup continued 6 nb 5 The intensification trend persisted as the storm tracked more westward 5 the JMA declared Eli a severe tropical storm at 06 00 UTC the same day 3 Twelve hours later the JTWC estimated at Eli attained typhoon intensity 6 At 00 00 UTC on July 11 the JMA upgraded Eli into a typhoon 3 with the JTWC and JMA also analyzing a peak intensity of 135 km h 85 mph and 130 km h 80 mph respectively at the same time 6 Shortly thereafter the typhoon made landfall on northern Luzon After entering the South China Sea 2 the typhoon tracked west 5 as its forward motion slowed in response to Eli nearing the western end of a subtropical ridge 2 Now tracking west northwest 5 data from the JTWC suggested that Eli maintained minimal typhoon intensity until it moved through Hainan on the night of July 13 2 though data from the JMA indicated that Eli was a weakening tropical storm during this time 3 The JTWC downgraded Eli into a tropical storm while the system moved west northwestward across the Gulf of Tonkin 2 Eli made landfall late on July 13 about 160 km 100 mi east of Hanoi 5 with the JMA estimating winds of 80 km h 50 mph 3 Eli dissipated over northern Vietnam on July 14 2 Impact EditThe precursor disturbance to Eli dropped 5 in 13 mm of rain to Guam but there was no damage 2 Due to the impending threat of Eli authorities raised typhoon alerts over wide areas of the southern Bicol region and across Luzon Sixty buses in six town were set up in order to evacuate residents from vulnerable locations 8 9 Officials evacuated 1 600 people from their homes in three central Luzon towns to escape avalanches of debris from Mount Pinatubo 2 Torrential rains associated with Typhoon Eli alleviated drought conditions 10 but also resulted in mudslides in the Mount Pinatubo area of Luzon where there were reports of three deaths 2 including a 72 year old man who died of a heart attack while being evacuated in Minalin 11 Offshore 10 ships sunk resulting in a fatality 19 rescues 12 and initial reports of 25 missing fishermen 13 Monetary damage was estimated at US 862 000 22 million with around half from crops and half from infrastructure 14 Fifteen homes were damaged and five were destroyed A total of 1 027 families were evacuated from their homes 1 Throughout the country four people were killed 12 The typhoon posed enough of a threat to Hong Kong to warrant a No 1 hurricane signal on July 11 and this signal was upgraded to a No 3 a day later before Eli moved away The outer rainbands brought heavy rains peaking at 55 mm 2 2 in in Yuen Long and strong winds to the area with a gust of at 137 km h 85 mph occurring at Kai Tak Airport while Tai Mo Shan recorded a peak sustained wind of 76 km h 47 mph In Hong Kong one worker was injured when he was working on a boat in rough seas off Tsing Yi Twenty two passengers were hurt including fourteen in Tuen Mun Ferry services to China and Macau from Hong Kong were cancelled or suspended Elsewhere Eli caused widespread damage in northern Hainan 5 though there were no deaths A farmer broke his legs in Wenchang due to a fallen coconut tree Around 670 ha 1 655 acres of shrimp farms were submerged Strong winds damaged 1 000 ha 2 470 acres of pepper trees and 800 ha 2 000 acres of coconut trees 15 According to news reports some houses collapsed and electricity cables were damaged while fish ponds were inundated Total economic loss in Hainan was estimated at US 272 million 1 5 billion 5 See also Edit Tropical cyclones portalTyphoon Kim 1980 Notes Edit All currencies are converted to United States Dollars using Philippines Measuring worth with an exchange rate of the year 1992 All damage totals are in 1992 values of their respective currencies All currencies are converted to United States Dollars using New People s Currency Yuan Measuring worth with an exchange rate of the year 1992 The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean 4 Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes while estimates from the United States based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute 10 minute winds are about 1 14 times the amount of 1 minute winds 7 References Edit a b Destructive Typhoons 1970 2003 Report National Disaster Coordinating Council November 9 2004 Archived from the original on November 12 2004 Retrieved May 26 2019 a b c d e f g h i j k Joint Typhoon Warning Center Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center 1993 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report 1992 PDF Report United States Navy United States Air Force p 54 Retrieved May 20 2019 a b c d e Japan Meteorological Agency October 10 1992 RSMC Best Track Data 1990 1999 TXT Report Retrieved May 20 2019 Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo Typhoon Center 2000 PDF Japan Meteorological Agency February 2001 p 3 Retrieved May 20 2019 a b c d e f g Hong Kong Observatory 1993 Part III Tropical Cyclone Summaries Meteorological Results 1992 PDF Meteorological Results Report Hong Kong Observatory p 15 Retrieved May 20 2019 a b c Kenneth R Knapp Michael C Kruk David H Levinson Howard J Diamond Charles J Neumann 2010 1992 Typhoon ELI 1992188N07156 The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship IBTrACS Unifying tropical cyclone best track data Report Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Retrieved May 20 2019 Christopher W Landsea Hurricane Research Division April 26 2004 Subject D4 What does maximum sustained wind mean How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones Frequently Asked Questions National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Retrieved May 20 2019 Storm threatens volcano ravaged area north of Manila United Press International July 10 1992 via Lexis Nexis subscription required Typhoon Eli Slams Northern Philippines Associated Press July 11 1992 Retrieved May 9 2020 Newman Steve July 18 1992 Earthweek A Diary of the Planet For the week ending 17 July 1992 Toronto Star p K2 via Lexis Nexis subscription required Ramos consoles volcano victims beset by mudflows United Press International July 12 1992 via Lexis Nexis subscription required a b Ten fishing boats sink off Philippines United Press International July 13 1992 via Lexis Nexis subscription required Ten fishing boats sink off Philippines Associated Press July 13 1992 via Lexis Nexis subscription required Destructive Typhoons 1970 2003 Report National Disaster Coordinating Council November 9 2004 Archived from the original on August 5 2011 Retrieved May 26 2019 Typhoon Eli Lands Hainan no Casualties Reported Xinhua General Overseas News Service July 13 1992 via Lexis Nexis subscription required External links EditDigital Typhoon Typhoon199205 ELI National Institute of Informatics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Typhoon Eli amp oldid 1122913199, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
