The Tharawal people and other variants, are an Aboriginal Australian people, identified by the Yuin language.[2] Traditionally, they lived as hunter–fisher–gatherers in family groups or clans with ties of kinship, scattered along the coastal area of what is now the Sydney basin in New South Wales.
The Gweagal were also known as the "Fire Clan". They are said to be the first people to make contact with Captain Cook. The artist Sydney Parkinson, one of the Endeavour's crew members, wrote in his journal that the indigenous people threatened them shouting words he transcribed as warra warra wai, which he glossed to signify 'Go away'. According to spokesmen for the contemporary Dharawal community, the meaning was rather 'You are all dead', since warra is a root in the Dharawal language meaning 'wither', 'white' or 'dead'. As Cook's ship hove to near the foreshore, it appeared to the Dharwal to be a white low-lying cloud, and its crew 'dead' people whom they warned off from returning to the country.[5]
The whale is the main totem for the Dharawal people.[7] The historical artwork (rock engravings) of the Dharawal people is visible on the sandstone surfaces throughout their language area and charcoal and ochre paintings, drawings and hand stencils can be found on hundreds of rock surfaces and in the many dozens of rock shelters and overhangs in that area of land.[citation needed] There is a public viewing site of one group of engravings at Jibbon Point, showing a whale and a wallaby, celebrating successful hunts and whale strandings.[8] Those engravings are marred by recent European inclusions. The original Jibbon point engravings (pecked and abraided petroglyphs) show a pod of killer whales hunting a seal.
It has been claimed that there were no remaining descendants of the Dharawal people; however, after the Mabo v Queensland verdict and the Native Title Act 1993 there have been claims lodged by descendants of the Wodiwodi clan who claim to have survived the early decimations and gradually moved back into the areas formally occupied by other clans. These Wodi Wodi clansmen are claiming lineage to the Dharawal tribe. Others claim descent from the Gweagal clan.[citation needed]
The Dharawal people lived mainly by the produce of local plants, fruits and vegetables and by fishing and gathering shellfish products. The men also hunted land mammals and speared fish. The women collected the vegetable foods and were well known for their fishing and canoeing prowess. There are a large number of shell middens still visible in the areas around the southern Sydney area and a glimpse of the Dharawal lifestyle can be drawn from an understanding of the kitchen rubbish left on the midden sites.[citation needed]
Alternative namesedit
Carawal. (Pacific islands phonetic system, c had the value of th)
Bursill, L. (2007). Dharawal : the story of the Dharawal-speaking people of Southern Sydney. Sydney: Kurranulla Aboriginal Corporation.
"Cubbitch Barta Clan of the Dharawal People Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA)". Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements (ATNS) project. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
Dousset, Laurent (2005). . AusAnthrop (Australian Aboriginal tribal database). Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Goodall, Heather; Cadzow, Allison (2014). "Gogi". Dictionary of Sydney. Dictionary of Sydney Trust. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
Higgins, Isabella; Collard, Sarah (28 April 2020). "Captain James Cook's landing and the Indigenous first words contested by Aboriginal leaders". Dictionary of Sydney. ABC News.
"Language information: Dharawal". AIATSIS. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Organ, Michael K.; Speechley, Carol (1997). "Illawarra Aborigines – an Introductory History". In Hagan, J. S.; Wells, A. (eds.). A History of Wollongong. University of Wollongong Press. pp. 7–22.
Ridley, William (1875). Kámilarói, and other Australian languages(PDF). Sydney: T. Richards, government printer – via Internet Archive.
Watt, Bruce (2014). The Shire: A journey through time. Cronulla, Australia: Bruce Watt. pp. 11, 26, 27, 67. ISBN978-064692019-1.
Watt, Bruce (2019). Dharawal: the first contact people; 250 years of black and white relations. Cronulla, Australia: Bruce Watt. pp. vi, vii, 3, 5, 21, 43, 46, 50, 56, 87, 95, 111–114, 112, 121–122. ISBN978-064699683-7.
Williams, Shayne T. "An indigenous Australian perspective on Cook's arrival". BBC News.
Further readingedit
(PDF). AIATSIS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2020.
. Tindale's, South Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013.
Kohen, J. L (1993). The Darug and their neighbours: the traditional Aboriginal owners of the Sydney region. Darug Link in association with the Blacktown and District Historical Society. ISBN978-0-646-13619-6. (Trove and Worldcat entries)
External linksedit
Tharawal Aboriginal Corporation
Local Aboriginal Land Council on Facebook
January 19, 2024
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This article is about the Australian Indigenous group For their language see Tharawal language Not to be confused with Dharawala people The Tharawal people and other variants are an Aboriginal Australian people identified by the Yuin language 2 Traditionally they lived as hunter fisher gatherers in family groups or clans with ties of kinship scattered along the coastal area of what is now the Sydney basin in New South Wales Tharawal Peopleaka Dharawal Darawal Carawal Turawal Thurawal Thurrawal Thurrawall Turu wal Turuwul Turrubul Turuwull Tharawal AIATSIS nd SIL 1 Sydney Basin bioregionHierarchyLanguage family Pama NyunganLanguage branch Yuin KuricLanguage group YoraGroup dialects Tharawal 2 AreaBioregion Sydney BasinLocation Sydney and Illawarra New South WalesCoordinates 34 S 151 E 34 S 151 E 34 151RiversGeorges and ShoalhavenNotable individualsTraditional lands of Aboriginal tribes around Sydney a Contents 1 Etymology 2 Country 3 Clans 4 Lifestyle 5 Alternative names 6 See also 7 Notes 7 1 Citations 8 Sources 9 Further reading 10 External linksEtymology editDharawal means cabbage palm 3 Country editAccording to ethnologist Norman Tindale traditional Dharawal lands encompass some 450 square miles 1 200 km2 from the south of Sydney Harbour through Georges River Botany Bay Port Hacking and south beyond the Shoalhaven River to the Beecroft Peninsula Their inland extent reaches Campbelltown and Camden 4 Clans editThe Gweagal were also known as the Fire Clan They are said to be the first people to make contact with Captain Cook The artist Sydney Parkinson one of the Endeavour s crew members wrote in his journal that the indigenous people threatened them shouting words he transcribed as warra warra wai which he glossed to signify Go away According to spokesmen for the contemporary Dharawal community the meaning was rather You are all dead since warra is a root in the Dharawal language meaning wither white or dead As Cook s ship hove to near the foreshore it appeared to the Dharwal to be a white low lying cloud and its crew dead people whom they warned off from returning to the country 5 The Cubbitch Barta clan registered an Indigenous land use agreement for Helensburgh in 2011 6 Lifestyle editThe whale is the main totem for the Dharawal people 7 The historical artwork rock engravings of the Dharawal people is visible on the sandstone surfaces throughout their language area and charcoal and ochre paintings drawings and hand stencils can be found on hundreds of rock surfaces and in the many dozens of rock shelters and overhangs in that area of land citation needed There is a public viewing site of one group of engravings at Jibbon Point showing a whale and a wallaby celebrating successful hunts and whale strandings 8 Those engravings are marred by recent European inclusions The original Jibbon point engravings pecked and abraided petroglyphs show a pod of killer whales hunting a seal It has been claimed that there were no remaining descendants of the Dharawal people however after the Mabo v Queensland verdict and the Native Title Act 1993 there have been claims lodged by descendants of the Wodiwodi clan who claim to have survived the early decimations and gradually moved back into the areas formally occupied by other clans These Wodi Wodi clansmen are claiming lineage to the Dharawal tribe Others claim descent from the Gweagal clan citation needed The Dharawal people lived mainly by the produce of local plants fruits and vegetables and by fishing and gathering shellfish products The men also hunted land mammals and speared fish The women collected the vegetable foods and were well known for their fishing and canoeing prowess There are a large number of shell middens still visible in the areas around the southern Sydney area and a glimpse of the Dharawal lifestyle can be drawn from an understanding of the kitchen rubbish left on the midden sites citation needed Alternative names editCarawal Pacific islands phonetic system c had the value of th Darawad Ta ga ry tagara north Thurawal Thurrawal Thurrawall Turawal Turrubul Turuwal Turuwul Turuwull Source Tindale 1974 p 198See also editEora GweagalNotes edit This map is indicative only Citations edit Dousset 2005 a b AIATSIS 2012 Organ amp Speechley 1997 p 7 Tindale 1974 p 198 Higgins amp Collard 2020 ILUA Agreement 2011 Bursill 2007 p 12 Watt 2014 p 104 Sources editBursill L 2007 Dharawal the story of the Dharawal speaking people of Southern Sydney Sydney Kurranulla Aboriginal Corporation Cubbitch Barta Clan of the Dharawal People Indigenous Land Use Agreement ILUA Agreements Treaties and Negotiated Settlements ATNS project Retrieved 31 July 2020 Dousset Laurent 2005 Tharawal AusAnthrop Australian Aboriginal tribal database Archived from the original on 16 October 2014 Retrieved 4 January 2013 Goodall Heather Cadzow Allison 2014 Gogi Dictionary of Sydney Dictionary of Sydney Trust Retrieved 9 October 2015 Higgins Isabella Collard Sarah 28 April 2020 Captain James Cook s landing and the Indigenous first words contested by Aboriginal leaders Dictionary of Sydney ABC News Language information Dharawal AIATSIS 23 August 2012 Retrieved 4 January 2013 Organ Michael K Speechley Carol 1997 Illawarra Aborigines an Introductory History In Hagan J S Wells A eds A History of Wollongong University of Wollongong Press pp 7 22 Ridley William 1875 Kamilaroi and other Australian languages PDF Sydney T Richards government printer via Internet Archive Tindale Norman Barnett 1974 Tharawal NSW Aboriginal Tribes of Australia Their Terrain Environmental Controls Distribution Limits and Proper Names Australian National University Press ISBN 978 0 708 10741 6 Watt Bruce 2014 The Shire A journey through time Cronulla Australia Bruce Watt pp 11 26 27 67 ISBN 978 064692019 1 Watt Bruce 2019 Dharawal the first contact people 250 years of black and white relations Cronulla Australia Bruce Watt pp vi vii 3 5 21 43 46 50 56 87 95 111 114 112 121 122 ISBN 978 064699683 7 Williams Shayne T An indigenous Australian perspective on Cook s arrival BBC News Further reading edit Bibliography of Tharawal people and language resources PDF AIATSIS Archived from the original PDF on 12 April 2020 Bodkin Frances Bodkin Andrews Gawaian D harawal dreaming stories D harawal dreaming stories Catalogue of Australian Aboriginal Tribes Tindale s South Australian Museum Archived from the original on 25 September 2013 Kohen J L 1993 The Darug and their neighbours the traditional Aboriginal owners of the Sydney region Darug Link in association with the Blacktown and District Historical Society ISBN 978 0 646 13619 6 Trove and Worldcat entries External links editTharawal Aboriginal Corporation Local Aboriginal Land Council on Facebook Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dharawal amp oldid 1192740357, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
