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Higher education in the Philippines

The higher education in the Philippines is offered through various degree programs (commonly known as courses in the Philippines) by a wide selection of colleges and universities—also known as higher education institutions (HEIs). These are administered and regulated by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).

There were 3,408,815 students enrolled in higher education for the school year 2019-2020, an increase of 457,620 from school year 2010-2011 student enrolment of 2,951,195.[1]

Classification

HEIs are either classified as a college or a university, and either public or private, and also either secular or religious. As of 2020, records from CHED showed that the country has 1,975 HEIs (excluding satellite campuses of state universities and colleges). From this number, 246 are public HEIs, while 1,729 are private institutions.[2]

In the Philippines, college is a tertiary institution that typically offer a number of specialized courses in the sciences, liberal arts, or in specific professional areas, e.g. nursing, hotel and restaurant management and information technology. Meanwhile, to be classified as a university—such as state universities and colleges (SUCs), CHED-supervised higher education institutions (CHEIs), private higher education institutions (PHEIs) and community colleges (CCs)—it must meet the following requirements:[3]

  • operate at least eight different degree programs; including
    • at least six undergraduate courses, specifically
      • a four-year course in liberal arts,
      • a four-year course in science and mathematics,
      • a four-year course in the social sciences, and
      • a minimum of three other active and recognized professional courses leading to government licensures; and
    • at least two graduate-level courses leading to doctoral degrees.

Local universities have less stringent requirements than private HEIs. They are only required to operate at least five undergraduate programs—as opposed to eight for private universities—and two graduate-level programs.[4]

Public higher education

Public universities are all non-sectarian entities, and are further classified into three types: State university and college (SUC), Local college and university (LCU), and Other Government Schools (OGS, CSI, Special HEIs).[5][6]

State universities and colleges

State universities and colleges (SUCs) refers to any public institution of higher learning that was created by an Act passed by the Congress of the Philippines. These institutions are fully subsidized by the national government, and may be considered as a corporate body.[7] SUCs are fully funded by the national government as determined by the Philippine Congress.

The University of the Philippines System, being the only national university,[8][9] receives the biggest chunk of the budget among the 456 SUCs, and has likewise been strengthened by law through Republic Act 9500.[9]

Enrollment rate

Only 10 percent of college students were in state-run schools in 1980, but this rose to 21 percent in 1994 and to almost 40 percent in 2008.[10]

For school year 2019-2020, of the 3,408,425 enrollments, 1,321,773 (38.78%) were from State Colleges and Universities (SUCs), 248,731 (7.3%) were from Local Universities and Colleges (LUCs), 5,141 (0.15%) were classified under "Other Government Schools" (OGS), while 1,832,780 (53.77%) were from Private Higher Education Institutions.[11]

List of SUCs by region

As of 2020, there are 112 State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) (excluding its 421 satellite campuses), 121 Local Colleges and Universities (LUCs), 13 "Other Government Schools" (OGSs), and 1,729 Private Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines.[5][2] The SUCs are banded together in one organization called the Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC). As of 2004, PASUC's membership comprises 111 SUCs and 11 satellite associations.[7][needs update]

Endowment

Local colleges and universities

Local colleges and universities (LCUs), on the other hand, are run by local government units and established through local ordinance or other enabling acts.[12] The Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila is first and largest among the LCUs.[13]

Private tertiary institutions

Private colleges and universities may either be sectarian or non-sectarian entities. Institutions may either be not-for-profit or profit-oriented.

Most private schools are operated by not-for-profit Catholic institutions, like the Ateneo de Manila University (Jesuit), Xavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan (Jesuit), Adamson University (Vincentian), De La Salle University (Christian Brothers), Notre Dame University (Philippines) (Oblates of Mary Immaculate), Don Bosco Technical College (Salesian), Notre Dame of Dadiangas University (Marist Brothers of the Schools), Saint Louis University (Philippines) (CICM), San Beda University (Benedictine), University of Asia and the Pacific (Opus Dei), University of the Immaculate Conception (Religious of the Virgin Mary), University of San Agustin (Augustinian), San Sebastian College – Recoletos (Augustinian Recollects), the University of San Carlos and the Divine Word College of Vigan (SVD), and the University of Santo Tomas and Colegio de San Juan de Letran (Dominican). However, there are also non-Catholic not-for-profit sectarian institutions such as Silliman University (Presbyterian), Adventist University of the Philippines (Seventh-day Adventist), Wesleyan University Philippines (Methodist), Central Philippine University (Baptist), Philippine Christian University (Methodist), Trinity University of Asia (Episcopalian), New Era University (Iglesia ni Cristo).

Non-sectarian private schools, on the other hand, are corporations licensed by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Examples of these are AMA Computer University, Centro Escolar University, Far Eastern University, Mapúa University and STI College which are likewise registered on the Philippine Stock Exchange.

Accreditation

Accreditation is a process for assessing and upgrading the educational quality of higher education institutions and programs through self-evaluation and peer judgment.[14] It is a system of evaluation based on the standards of an accrediting agency, and a means of assuring and improving the quality of education.[15] The process leads to a grant of accredited status by an accrediting agency and provides public recognition and information on educational quality.[14]

Accreditation of Private institutions

Voluntary accreditation of all higher education institutions is subject to the policies of the Commission on Higher Education. Voluntary accrediting agencies in the private sector are the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU), the Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities' Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA), and the Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and Universities Accrediting Association Inc. (ACSCU-AAI) which all operate under the umbrella of the Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines (FAAP), which itself is the certifying agency authorized by CHED.[16][17] Accreditation can be either of programs or of institutions.

Programs offered by satellite campuses of non-system higher education institutions are subject to separate accreditation of these accrediting agencies.

All of the institutions accredited by these three agencies certified by FAAP are private institutions. Under CHED's Revised Policies and Guidelines on Voluntary Accreditation in Aid of Quality and Excellence and Higher Education, there are four levels of program accreditation, with Level IV being the highest.[14][18]

Two institutions, Ateneo de Manila University and De La Salle University-Manila were granted Level IV accreditation pursuant to the provisions of CHED Order, CMO 31 of 1995, but when their Level IV institutional accreditation lapsed, only Ateneo was granted Level IV re-accreditation in 2011.[19]

At present,[when?] ten universities have current institutional accreditation. Institutional accreditation is the highest certification that can be given to an educational institution after a consideration of the university's number of individual program accreditations and the result of an overall evaluation of the quality of its facilities, services and faculty. These schools are Ateneo de Manila University,[19] Ateneo de Davao University, Xavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan, Ateneo de Naga University, Adventist University of the Philippines, Centro Escolar University, Central Philippine University, De La Salle University – Dasmariñas, Silliman University, Trinity University of Asia, and University of Santo Tomas.[20]

At present,[when?] the Ateneo de Manila University, is the only university in the Philippines that has been simultaneously granted both Level IV Status and institutional accreditation. Silliman University on the other hand is recorded to have the highest number of accredited programs in the country, fourteen of which are on Level IV accreditation status while simultaneously bearing Institutional Accreditation by the Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines.[21][22]

Accreditation for Public Institutions

Accrediting agencies for government-supported institutions are the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines (AACCUP), and the Association of Local Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (ALCUCOA). Together they formed the National Network of Quality Assurance Agencies (NNQAA) as the certifying agency for government-sponsored institutions. However NNQAA does not certify all government-sponsored institutions. Like private institutions, satellite campuses of non-system public institutions of higher learning are subject to separate accreditation.

The Technical Vocational Education Accrediting Agency of the Philippines (TVEAAP) was established and registered with the Securities Exchange Commission on 27 October 1987. On 28 July 2003, the FAAP board accepted the application of TVEAAP to affiliate with FAAP.[23]

AACCUP and PAASCU[24] are active members of the International Network of Quality Assurance Agencies for Higher Education (INQAAHE), and the Asia Pacific Quality Network (APQN).[16]

Autonomy and deregulation

In an effort to rationalize its supervision of institutions of higher learning, CHED has also prescribed guidelines for granting privileges of autonomy and deregulation to certain schools. According to the guidelines, the general criteria examined by CHED are an institution's "long tradition of integrity and untarnished reputation", "commitment to excellence", and "sustainability and viability of operations".[25]

Autonomous status

Autonomous status allows HEIs to launch new courses/programs in the undergraduate and/or graduate levels including doctoral programs in areas of expertise without securing a permit/authority from CHED. HEIs granted autonomous status also enjoy the privilege of increasing tuition fees without securing a permit from CHED provided, however, that they fully comply with the existing CHED policies, standards, and guidelines (PSGs) on increases in tuition and other school fees, especially those pertaining to the consultation process and other requirements. Because of their autonomy, such HEIs are free from CHED’s monitoring and evaluation activities while complying with the submission of requested data for CHED’s data gathering and updating of its management information systems and projects.[26]

Other benefits of HEIs granted autonomous status include exemption from the issuance of a Special Order (S.O.) for their graduates, priority in the grant of subsidies and other financial incentives/assistance from the CHED whenever funds are available, privilege to offer extension classes to expand access to higher education, authority to grant honorary degrees to deserving individuals in line with the provisions of the existing CHED issuance on conferment of honorary degrees, privilege to establish linkages with recognized foreign higher education institutions, provided that the existing CHED PSGs for twinning, networking, and linkages are fully complied with.[26]

Aside from all host state colleges and universities and other chartered public universities, such as the University of the Philippines System, Polytechnic University of the Philippines,[27][28] Mindanao State University System and Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila,[29] and special private institutions such as the Asian Institute of Management,[30] seventy-one (71) private higher education institutions (HEIs) have been granted autonomous status as of April 2021.[31][32] To avoid confusion, the campus name of satellite campuses having autonomous status is provided in parentheses. If the status is awarded to the sole campus or the main campus of the institution, the campus is not indicated with parentheses.

Higher education institutions (HEIs) that have been granted autonomous status
Region HEI
I – Ilocos Region
II – Cagayan Valley
Cordillera Administrative Region
III – Central Luzon
IV-A – Calabarzon
Mimaropa – Southwestern Tagalog Region
V – Bicol Region
VI – Western Visayas
VII – Central Visayas
VIII – Eastern Visayas
IX – Zamboanga Peninsula
X – Northern Mindanao
XI – Davao Region
XII – Soccsksargen
XIII – Caraga
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
National Capital Region
Note: Satellite campuses of non-system universities or colleges are indicated with parentheses.

CHED regularly reviews its list of autonomous institutions, with the latest published list valid until May 31, 2023.[31] HEIs granted autonomous status shall enjoy benefits accorded to autonomous institutions until the specified date of validity or unless such status is revoked or suspended.

Deregulated status

HEIs with deregulated status enjoy the same privilege as autonomous HEIs, but they must still secure permits for new programs and campuses.[26]

Higher education institutions (HEIs) that have been granted deregulated status
Region HEI
I – Ilocos Region
III – Central Luzon
IV-A – Calabarzon
VI – Western Visayas
VII – Central Visayas
XI – Davao Region
XII – Soccsksargen
National Capital Region
Note: Satellite campuses of non-system universities or colleges are indicated with parentheses.

CHED regularly updates its list of deregulated institutions with the latest published list valid until May 31, 2023.[31] As of April 2021, 16 deregulated HEIs were listed by CHED.

Rankings and league tables

Local rankings

There are no set methods for ranking institutions in the Philippines. Aside from comparisons in terms of accreditation, autonomy, and centers of excellence awarded by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), there are attempts to rank schools based on performance in board exams conducted by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). The PRC and CHED sometimes publish reports on these results.

In 2009, CHED executive director Julito Vitriolo said that they are in the process of establishing appropriate guidelines to rank Philippine universities and colleges for each specific academic program or discipline.[33] As of June 2015, such rankings do not exist yet.

International rankings

Internationally, the Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University, the University of the Philippines (as a system), and the University of Santo Tomas are regularly listed among the region and world's top universities in league tables and surveys such as in the now-defunct Asiaweek university rankings (which last ranked universities in 1999 and 2000),[34][35] and the THES-QS World University Rankings since 2005.[36]

QS World University Rankings of the top Philippine universities by year
University 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005[36]
University of the Philippines (system)   356[37]   384[37]   367[37]   374[37]   401-410[37]   367[37]   380[37]   380[38]   348[37]   332[39]   314[39]   262[39]   276[39]   398[39]   299[39] 372[36]
Ateneo de Manila University   601-650[40]   651-700[40]   551-600[40]   501-550[40]   501-550[40]   461-470[40]   501-550[40]   501-550[41]   451-500[40]   360[42]   307[42]   234[42]   254[42]   451[42]   484[42] 520[36]
De La Salle University   801-1000[43]   801-1000[43]   701-750[43]   701+[43]   701+[43]   651-700[43]   601-650[43]   601-650[44]   601+[43]   551-600[45]   451-500[45]   401-500[45]   401-500[45]   519[45]   392[45] 526[36]
University of Santo Tomas   801-1000[46]   801-1000[46]   801-1000[46]   701+[46]   701+[46]   701+[46]   701+[46]   701+[47]   601+[46]   601+[48]   551-600[48]   501-600[48]   401-500[48]   535[48]   500[48] 531[36]

There are other university rankings based on different methodologies and criteria. In the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities by a Spanish research body, which measures a university’s Internet presence and the volume of research output freely accessible online, has UP and La Salle ranked ahead of other local universities. Far Eastern University has been recognized as one of the most innovative universities in the world as it ranks 91st in the WURI 2020: Global Top 100 Innovative Universities.[49] On the other hand, in the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Academic Ranking of World Universities, which is based on Nobel Prize winners, Fields medals for mathematicians, highly cited researchers, or articles in Nature or Science; and, the École des Mines de Paris rankings, which is according to the number of alumni who are the CEOs of the Fortune 500 companies, do not have Philippine universities in the top 500.[50]

QS Asian University Rankings

In the 2022 Quacquarelli Symonds' Asia University Rankings, 15 Philippine schools have been included in the listing. These schools are:[51]

Views of the THES-QS rankings

Rankings such as the THES-QS have been received with mixed reactions. In 2006, Ang Pamantasan, the official student paper of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, published the university's criticism on the rankings, saying that the THES-QS criteria do not apply to the unique landscape of each participating universities, and that such rankings say nothing or very little about whether students are actually learning at particular colleges or universities.[52] On the same year, the University of the Philippines, through its University President Emerlinda Román, expressed that it does not want to participate in the THES-QS Ranking, but was included in 2007 with an incomplete academic profile.[53] That same year, Ateneo de Manila University President Fr. Bienvenido Nebres, S.J. commented on the rankings, pointing out that rankings such as these did not adequately reflect the university's progress or how well it has been working toward achieving its mission-vision.[54]

In 2008, the University of the Philippines questioned the validity of the 2008 THES-QS rankings, claiming that the methodology used was "problematic", and cited the International Ranking Systems for Universities and Institutions: A Critical Appraisal, which found out that The Times simply asks 190,000 ‘experts’ to list what they regard as the top 30 universities in their field of expertise without providing input data on any performance indicators, as one of the bases for rejecting the said survey.[55] Furthermore, the UP said that THES-QS refused to divulge how and where the data were taken from,[56] and instead, advised the university to advertise at the THES-QS website for US$ 48,930 publicity package.[55] CHED Chairperson Emmanuel Angeles, on the other hand, commended all four Philippine universities that made it to the list. He also suggested that Philippine schools would get better in the future THES-QS rankings if they choose to advertise in the THES-QS publications and when budgetary allocations for faculty and researchers, particularly at UP, would become better in the coming years.[56]

See also

Categories

References

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  2. ^ a b (PDF). Commission on Higher Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  3. ^ "CHED Memorandum Order No. 48, s. 1996" (PDF). Commission on Higher Education. 15 August 1996. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  4. ^ CHED Memorandum Order 2006/32 Art.VII S.10
  5. ^ a b (PDF). Commission on Higher Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  6. ^ Ness, Daniel; Lin, Chia-Ling (17 March 2015). International Education: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Issues and Systems. Routledge. pp. 459. ISBN 978-1-317-46751-9. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  7. ^ a b Guadalquiver, Nanette L. "SUCs lament govt's inadequate financial aid" Sun Star Iloilo. July 07, 2004.
  8. ^ (PDF). Commission on Higher Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  9. ^ a b . Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. 19 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  10. ^ Hachero, Ashzel. "More students expected to transfer to state-run colleges" Malaya Newspaper. June 05, 2008.
  11. ^ (PDF). Commission on Higher Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  12. ^ "78 Local Universities and Colleges now eligible for Free Higher Education". Commission on Higher Education. 16 March 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2020. Local Universities and Colleges (LUCs) are educational institutions established by local government units through an ordinance and other enabling acts.
  13. ^ . Manila Bulletin. 2006-06-19. Archived from the original on 2006-06-19. Retrieved 2006-12-25.
  14. ^ a b c (PDF). Commission on Higher Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  15. ^ "Journal of Philippine Higher Education Quality Assurance" (PDF). 1. Quezon City: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines, Inc. January 2003. ISSN 1655-8545. Retrieved 10 February 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  16. ^ a b A new era for higher education accreditation in RP. Accessed August 19, 2008.[dead link]
  17. ^ Palispis, E. (1999) Voluntary Accreditation in the Philippines: An Overview. Asian Social Institute, Manila. p10
  18. ^ . Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities. 2008. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  19. ^ a b 1306199966786 "Ateneo de Manila University". ls.ateneo.edu. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  20. ^ "Silliman University granted institutional accreditation" 2010-12-20 at the Wayback Machine. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2011-03-31.
  21. ^ "14 Academic Programs Granted Highest Accreditation Status". Silliman University. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
  22. ^ "14 SU programs granted Level IV status" 2013-06-18 at the Wayback Machine. Visayan Daily Star. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
  23. ^ Nilo E Colinares, Philippine Education in the Third Millennium, 6Ns Enterprises, Manila, 2005, p283
  24. ^ . www.dlsu.edu.ph. Archived from the original on 1 September 2009. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  25. ^ (PDF). Commission on Higher Education. 15 November 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  26. ^ a b c "CHED Memorandum Order No. 19, s. 2016 - "Benefits and Responsibilities of Autonomous and Deregulated Private Higher Education Institutions"" (PDF). April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
  27. ^ Chartered Colleges and Universities
  28. ^ CMO No.18, series of 1999
  29. ^ "Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila - FAQs". www.plm.edu.ph. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  30. ^ "Presidential Decree No. 639, s. 1975". Official Gazette (Philippines). April 1, 1975. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
  31. ^ a b c "CHED Memorandum Order No. 7, s. 2021" (PDF). ched.gov.ph. Commission on Higher Education. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
  32. ^ "CHED Memorandum Order No. 12, s. 2019" (PDF). ched.gov.ph. Commission on Higher Education. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  33. ^ CHED to rank colleges and universities in RP 2010-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
  34. ^ Asiaweek 2000 rankings. 2016-02-02 at the Wayback Machine Accessed Aug. 8, 2008.
  35. ^ Asiaweek 1999 rankings. Accessed Aug. 8, 2008.
  36. ^ a b c d e f . Ateneo de Manila University. 27 November 2007. Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h "University of the Philippines". Top Universities. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  38. ^ . Top Universities. Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  39. ^ a b c d e f . Top Universities. 2012. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h "Ateneo de Manila University". Top Universities. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  41. ^ . Top Universities. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  42. ^ a b c d e f . Top Universities. 2012. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h "De La Salle University". Top Universities. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  44. ^ . Top Universities. Archived from the original on 2 September 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  45. ^ a b c d e f . Top Universities. 2012. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h "University of Santo Tomas". Top Universities. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  47. ^ . Top Universities. 2015. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  48. ^ a b c d e f . Top Universities. 2012. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  49. ^ . The Manila Times. 1 October 2020. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  50. ^ RP universities get low rankings; La Salle, UST dropped out of Top 500. GMANews.TV
  51. ^ . CNN Philippines. 3 November 2021. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  52. ^ "PLM administration criticizes the THES-QS Survey". Ang Pamantasan, Vol. XXVII No. 2. September 01, 2006.
  53. ^ Leticia Peñano-Ho, Who Should Tell Us Who We Are? 2007-07-02 at the Wayback Machine, University of the Philippines System website. Accessed May 6, 2007.
  54. ^ . www.ateneo.edu. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  55. ^ a b UP Questions Validity of the THES and QS university rankings. October 28, 2008.
  56. ^ a b CHED hails rankings of 4 RP universities. Philippine Daily Inquirer. October 16, 2008.

higher, education, philippines, higher, education, philippines, offered, through, various, degree, programs, commonly, known, courses, philippines, wide, selection, colleges, universities, also, known, higher, education, institutions, heis, these, administered. The higher education in the Philippines is offered through various degree programs commonly known as courses in the Philippines by a wide selection of colleges and universities also known as higher education institutions HEIs These are administered and regulated by the Commission on Higher Education CHED Education in the Philippines Commission on Higher Education CHED and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority TESDA There were 3 408 815 students enrolled in higher education for the school year 2019 2020 an increase of 457 620 from school year 2010 2011 student enrolment of 2 951 195 1 Contents 1 Classification 1 1 Public higher education 1 1 1 State universities and colleges 1 1 1 1 Enrollment rate 1 1 1 2 List of SUCs by region 1 1 1 3 Endowment 1 1 2 Local colleges and universities 1 2 Private tertiary institutions 2 Accreditation 2 1 Accreditation of Private institutions 2 2 Accreditation for Public Institutions 3 Autonomy and deregulation 3 1 Autonomous status 3 2 Deregulated status 4 Rankings and league tables 4 1 Local rankings 4 2 International rankings 4 3 QS Asian University Rankings 4 4 Views of the THES QS rankings 5 See also 5 1 Categories 6 ReferencesClassification EditHEIs are either classified as a college or a university and either public or private and also either secular or religious As of 2020 update records from CHED showed that the country has 1 975 HEIs excluding satellite campuses of state universities and colleges From this number 246 are public HEIs while 1 729 are private institutions 2 In the Philippines college is a tertiary institution that typically offer a number of specialized courses in the sciences liberal arts or in specific professional areas e g nursing hotel and restaurant management and information technology Meanwhile to be classified as a university such as state universities and colleges SUCs CHED supervised higher education institutions CHEIs private higher education institutions PHEIs and community colleges CCs it must meet the following requirements 3 operate at least eight different degree programs including at least six undergraduate courses specifically a four year course in liberal arts a four year course in science and mathematics a four year course in the social sciences and a minimum of three other active and recognized professional courses leading to government licensures and at least two graduate level courses leading to doctoral degrees Local universities have less stringent requirements than private HEIs They are only required to operate at least five undergraduate programs as opposed to eight for private universities and two graduate level programs 4 Public higher education Edit Public universities are all non sectarian entities and are further classified into three types State university and college SUC Local college and university LCU and Other Government Schools OGS CSI Special HEIs 5 6 State universities and colleges Edit State universities and colleges SUCs refers to any public institution of higher learning that was created by an Act passed by the Congress of the Philippines These institutions are fully subsidized by the national government and may be considered as a corporate body 7 SUCs are fully funded by the national government as determined by the Philippine Congress The University of the Philippines System being the only national university 8 9 receives the biggest chunk of the budget among the 456 SUCs and has likewise been strengthened by law through Republic Act 9500 9 Enrollment rate Edit Only 10 percent of college students were in state run schools in 1980 but this rose to 21 percent in 1994 and to almost 40 percent in 2008 10 For school year 2019 2020 of the 3 408 425 enrollments 1 321 773 38 78 were from State Colleges and Universities SUCs 248 731 7 3 were from Local Universities and Colleges LUCs 5 141 0 15 were classified under Other Government Schools OGS while 1 832 780 53 77 were from Private Higher Education Institutions 11 List of SUCs by region Edit Main article List of state schools colleges and universities in the Philippines As of 2020 there are 112 State Universities and Colleges SUCs excluding its 421 satellite campuses 121 Local Colleges and Universities LUCs 13 Other Government Schools OGSs and 1 729 Private Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines 5 2 The SUCs are banded together in one organization called the Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges PASUC As of 2004 PASUC s membership comprises 111 SUCs and 11 satellite associations 7 needs update Endowment Edit See also Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act This section needs to be updated The reason given is it needs information about the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information February 2020 Local colleges and universities Edit Local colleges and universities LCUs on the other hand are run by local government units and established through local ordinance or other enabling acts 12 The Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila is first and largest among the LCUs 13 Private tertiary institutions Edit Private colleges and universities may either be sectarian or non sectarian entities Institutions may either be not for profit or profit oriented Most private schools are operated by not for profit Catholic institutions like the Ateneo de Manila University Jesuit Xavier University Ateneo de Cagayan Jesuit Adamson University Vincentian De La Salle University Christian Brothers Notre Dame University Philippines Oblates of Mary Immaculate Don Bosco Technical College Salesian Notre Dame of Dadiangas University Marist Brothers of the Schools Saint Louis University Philippines CICM San Beda University Benedictine University of Asia and the Pacific Opus Dei University of the Immaculate Conception Religious of the Virgin Mary University of San Agustin Augustinian San Sebastian College Recoletos Augustinian Recollects the University of San Carlos and the Divine Word College of Vigan SVD and the University of Santo Tomas and Colegio de San Juan de Letran Dominican However there are also non Catholic not for profit sectarian institutions such as Silliman University Presbyterian Adventist University of the Philippines Seventh day Adventist Wesleyan University Philippines Methodist Central Philippine University Baptist Philippine Christian University Methodist Trinity University of Asia Episcopalian New Era University Iglesia ni Cristo Non sectarian private schools on the other hand are corporations licensed by the Securities and Exchange Commission Examples of these are AMA Computer University Centro Escolar University Far Eastern University Mapua University and STI College which are likewise registered on the Philippine Stock Exchange Accreditation EditAccreditation is a process for assessing and upgrading the educational quality of higher education institutions and programs through self evaluation and peer judgment 14 It is a system of evaluation based on the standards of an accrediting agency and a means of assuring and improving the quality of education 15 The process leads to a grant of accredited status by an accrediting agency and provides public recognition and information on educational quality 14 Accreditation of Private institutions Edit This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information February 2020 Voluntary accreditation of all higher education institutions is subject to the policies of the Commission on Higher Education Voluntary accrediting agencies in the private sector are the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools Colleges and Universities PAASCU the Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation PACUCOA and the Association of Christian Schools Colleges and Universities Accrediting Association Inc ACSCU AAI which all operate under the umbrella of the Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines FAAP which itself is the certifying agency authorized by CHED 16 17 Accreditation can be either of programs or of institutions Programs offered by satellite campuses of non system higher education institutions are subject to separate accreditation of these accrediting agencies All of the institutions accredited by these three agencies certified by FAAP are private institutions Under CHED s Revised Policies and Guidelines on Voluntary Accreditation in Aid of Quality and Excellence and Higher Education there are four levels of program accreditation with Level IV being the highest 14 18 Two institutions Ateneo de Manila University and De La Salle University Manila were granted Level IV accreditation pursuant to the provisions of CHED Order CMO 31 of 1995 but when their Level IV institutional accreditation lapsed only Ateneo was granted Level IV re accreditation in 2011 19 At present when ten universities have current institutional accreditation Institutional accreditation is the highest certification that can be given to an educational institution after a consideration of the university s number of individual program accreditations and the result of an overall evaluation of the quality of its facilities services and faculty These schools are Ateneo de Manila University 19 Ateneo de Davao University Xavier University Ateneo de Cagayan Ateneo de Naga University Adventist University of the Philippines Centro Escolar University Central Philippine University De La Salle University Dasmarinas Silliman University Trinity University of Asia and University of Santo Tomas 20 At present when the Ateneo de Manila University is the only university in the Philippines that has been simultaneously granted both Level IV Status and institutional accreditation Silliman University on the other hand is recorded to have the highest number of accredited programs in the country fourteen of which are on Level IV accreditation status while simultaneously bearing Institutional Accreditation by the Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines 21 22 Accreditation for Public Institutions Edit Accrediting agencies for government supported institutions are the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines AACCUP and the Association of Local Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation ALCUCOA Together they formed the National Network of Quality Assurance Agencies NNQAA as the certifying agency for government sponsored institutions However NNQAA does not certify all government sponsored institutions Like private institutions satellite campuses of non system public institutions of higher learning are subject to separate accreditation The Technical Vocational Education Accrediting Agency of the Philippines TVEAAP was established and registered with the Securities Exchange Commission on 27 October 1987 On 28 July 2003 the FAAP board accepted the application of TVEAAP to affiliate with FAAP 23 AACCUP and PAASCU 24 are active members of the International Network of Quality Assurance Agencies for Higher Education INQAAHE and the Asia Pacific Quality Network APQN 16 Autonomy and deregulation EditIn an effort to rationalize its supervision of institutions of higher learning CHED has also prescribed guidelines for granting privileges of autonomy and deregulation to certain schools According to the guidelines the general criteria examined by CHED are an institution s long tradition of integrity and untarnished reputation commitment to excellence and sustainability and viability of operations 25 Autonomous status Edit Autonomous status allows HEIs to launch new courses programs in the undergraduate and or graduate levels including doctoral programs in areas of expertise without securing a permit authority from CHED HEIs granted autonomous status also enjoy the privilege of increasing tuition fees without securing a permit from CHED provided however that they fully comply with the existing CHED policies standards and guidelines PSGs on increases in tuition and other school fees especially those pertaining to the consultation process and other requirements Because of their autonomy such HEIs are free from CHED s monitoring and evaluation activities while complying with the submission of requested data for CHED s data gathering and updating of its management information systems and projects 26 Other benefits of HEIs granted autonomous status include exemption from the issuance of a Special Order S O for their graduates priority in the grant of subsidies and other financial incentives assistance from the CHED whenever funds are available privilege to offer extension classes to expand access to higher education authority to grant honorary degrees to deserving individuals in line with the provisions of the existing CHED issuance on conferment of honorary degrees privilege to establish linkages with recognized foreign higher education institutions provided that the existing CHED PSGs for twinning networking and linkages are fully complied with 26 Aside from all host state colleges and universities and other chartered public universities such as the University of the Philippines System Polytechnic University of the Philippines 27 28 Mindanao State University System and Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila 29 and special private institutions such as the Asian Institute of Management 30 seventy one 71 private higher education institutions HEIs have been granted autonomous status as of April 2021 update 31 32 To avoid confusion the campus name of satellite campuses having autonomous status is provided in parentheses If the status is awarded to the sole campus or the main campus of the institution the campus is not indicated with parentheses Higher education institutions HEIs that have been granted autonomous status Region HEII Ilocos Region Lyceum Northwestern University University of Luzon Virgen Milagrosa University FoundationII Cagayan Valley St Paul University Philippines University of Saint Louis TuguegaraoCordillera Administrative Region Saint Louis University University of Baguio University of the CordillerasIII Central Luzon Angeles University Foundation Baliuag University Centro Escolar University Malolos Campus Holy Angel University Wesleyan University PhilippinesIV A Calabarzon Adventist University of the Philippines Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute De La Salle University Dasmarinas Lyceum of the Philippines University Batangas Campus Lyceum of the Philippines University Laguna Campus Malayan Colleges Laguna Manuel S Enverga University Foundation Saint Michael s College of Laguna University of Batangas University of Perpetual Help System LagunaMimaropa Southwestern Tagalog RegionV Bicol Region Ateneo de Naga UniversityVI Western Visayas Central Philippine University John B Lacson Colleges Foundation Bacolod John B Lacson Foundation Maritime University University of St La SalleVII Central Visayas Cebu Institute of Technology University Silliman University St Paul University Dumaguete University of Cebu University of San Carlos University of San Jose RecoletosVIII Eastern VisayasIX Zamboanga Peninsula Ateneo de Zamboanga UniversityX Northern Mindanao Capitol University Misamis UniversityXI Davao Region Ateneo de Davao University University of Mindanao University of Mindanao Digos College University of the Immaculate ConceptionXII SoccsksargenXIII CaragaBangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao Notre Dame University Philippines National Capital Region Adamson University AMA University Asia Pacific College Assumption College San Lorenzo Ateneo de Manila University Centro Escolar University De La Salle College of Saint Benilde De La Salle University Emilio Aguinaldo College Far Eastern University Jose Rizal University Lyceum of the Philippines University Mapua University Miriam College National University Our Lady of Fatima University Philippine Christian University St Paul University Manila St Paul University Quezon City Southville International School and Colleges Technological Institute of the Philippines Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City Campus Trinity University of Asia University of Asia and the Pacific University of Perpetual Help System DALTA University of Santo Tomas University of the East Caloocan University of the EastNote Satellite campuses of non system universities or colleges are indicated with parentheses CHED regularly reviews its list of autonomous institutions with the latest published list valid until May 31 2023 31 HEIs granted autonomous status shall enjoy benefits accorded to autonomous institutions until the specified date of validity or unless such status is revoked or suspended Deregulated status Edit HEIs with deregulated status enjoy the same privilege as autonomous HEIs but they must still secure permits for new programs and campuses 26 Higher education institutions HEIs that have been granted deregulated status Region HEII Ilocos Region Lorma Colleges Northwestern University Saint Louis College La UnionIII Central Luzon La Consolacion University PhilippinesIV A Calabarzon St Dominic College of Asia University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Calamba Campus University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus VI Western Visayas Filamer Christian University University of San AgustinVII Central Visayas Holy Name University University of the VisayasXI Davao Region Cor Jesu College University of Mindanao Tagum CollegeXII Soccsksargen Notre Dame of Dadiangas UniversityNational Capital Region Philippine Women s University San Beda UniversityNote Satellite campuses of non system universities or colleges are indicated with parentheses CHED regularly updates its list of deregulated institutions with the latest published list valid until May 31 2023 31 As of April 2021 16 deregulated HEIs were listed by CHED Rankings and league tables EditLocal rankings Edit There are no set methods for ranking institutions in the Philippines Aside from comparisons in terms of accreditation autonomy and centers of excellence awarded by the Commission on Higher Education CHED there are attempts to rank schools based on performance in board exams conducted by the Professional Regulation Commission PRC The PRC and CHED sometimes publish reports on these results In 2009 CHED executive director Julito Vitriolo said that they are in the process of establishing appropriate guidelines to rank Philippine universities and colleges for each specific academic program or discipline 33 As of June 2015 such rankings do not exist yet International rankings Edit Internationally the Ateneo de Manila University De La Salle University the University of the Philippines as a system and the University of Santo Tomas are regularly listed among the region and world s top universities in league tables and surveys such as in the now defunct Asiaweek university rankings which last ranked universities in 1999 and 2000 34 35 and the THES QS World University Rankings since 2005 36 QS World University Rankings of the top Philippine universities by year University 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 36 University of the Philippines system 356 37 384 37 367 37 374 37 401 410 37 367 37 380 37 380 38 348 37 332 39 314 39 262 39 276 39 398 39 299 39 372 36 Ateneo de Manila University 601 650 40 651 700 40 551 600 40 501 550 40 501 550 40 461 470 40 501 550 40 501 550 41 451 500 40 360 42 307 42 234 42 254 42 451 42 484 42 520 36 De La Salle University 801 1000 43 801 1000 43 701 750 43 701 43 701 43 651 700 43 601 650 43 601 650 44 601 43 551 600 45 451 500 45 401 500 45 401 500 45 519 45 392 45 526 36 University of Santo Tomas 801 1000 46 801 1000 46 801 1000 46 701 46 701 46 701 46 701 46 701 47 601 46 601 48 551 600 48 501 600 48 401 500 48 535 48 500 48 531 36 There are other university rankings based on different methodologies and criteria In the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities by a Spanish research body which measures a university s Internet presence and the volume of research output freely accessible online has UP and La Salle ranked ahead of other local universities Far Eastern University has been recognized as one of the most innovative universities in the world as it ranks 91st in the WURI 2020 Global Top 100 Innovative Universities 49 On the other hand in the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Academic Ranking of World Universities which is based on Nobel Prize winners Fields medals for mathematicians highly cited researchers or articles in Nature or Science and the Ecole des Mines de Paris rankings which is according to the number of alumni who are the CEOs of the Fortune 500 companies do not have Philippine universities in the top 500 50 QS Asian University Rankings Edit In the 2022 Quacquarelli Symonds Asia University Rankings 15 Philippine schools have been included in the listing These schools are 51 University of the Philippines system 77 Ateneo de Manila University 124 De La Salle University 160 University of Santo Tomas 177 Ateneo de Davao University 501 550 Mapua University 501 550 Silliman University 501 550 Mindanao State University Iligan Institute of Technology 551 660 Central Luzon State University 601 650 Xavier University Ateneo de Cagayan 601 650 Views of the THES QS rankings Edit This section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information February 2020 Rankings such as the THES QS have been received with mixed reactions In 2006 Ang Pamantasan the official student paper of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila published the university s criticism on the rankings saying that the THES QS criteria do not apply to the unique landscape of each participating universities and that such rankings say nothing or very little about whether students are actually learning at particular colleges or universities 52 On the same year the University of the Philippines through its University President Emerlinda Roman expressed that it does not want to participate in the THES QS Ranking but was included in 2007 with an incomplete academic profile 53 That same year Ateneo de Manila University President Fr Bienvenido Nebres S J commented on the rankings pointing out that rankings such as these did not adequately reflect the university s progress or how well it has been working toward achieving its mission vision 54 In 2008 the University of the Philippines questioned the validity of the 2008 THES QS rankings claiming that the methodology used was problematic and cited the International Ranking Systems for Universities and Institutions A Critical Appraisal which found out that The Times simply asks 190 000 experts to list what they regard as the top 30 universities in their field of expertise without providing input data on any performance indicators as one of the bases for rejecting the said survey 55 Furthermore the UP said that THES QS refused to divulge how and where the data were taken from 56 and instead advised the university to advertise at the THES QS website for US 48 930 publicity package 55 CHED Chairperson Emmanuel Angeles on the other hand commended all four Philippine universities that made it to the list He also suggested that Philippine schools would get better in the future THES QS rankings if they choose to advertise in the THES QS publications and when budgetary allocations for faculty and researchers particularly at UP would become better in the coming years 56 See also EditEducation in the Philippines Medical education in the Philippines Legal education in the Philippines List of universities and colleges in the Philippines List of Catholic universities and colleges in the PhilippinesCategories Edit Category Schools of medicine in the Philippines Category Graduate schools in the Philippines Category Law schools in the Philippines Category Liberal arts colleges in the Philippines Category Business schools in the Philippines Category Private universities and colleges in the Philippines Category Women s universities and colleges in the PhilippinesReferences Edit Table 3 Higher Education Enrollment by Discipline Group AY 2010 11 to 2019 20 PDF Search Results Commission on Higher Education Archived from the original PDF on 10 August 2020 Retrieved 10 August 2020 a b Table 2 Distribution of Higher Education Institutions by Region and Sector AY 2019 20 PDF Commission on Higher Education Archived from the original PDF on 28 July 2021 Retrieved 12 January 2022 CHED Memorandum Order No 48 s 1996 PDF Commission on Higher Education 15 August 1996 Retrieved 10 February 2020 CHED Memorandum Order 2006 32 Art VII S 10 a b Distribution of Higher Education Institutions by Institution Type AY 2019 20 PDF Commission on Higher Education Archived from the original PDF on 28 July 2021 Retrieved 12 January 2022 Ness Daniel Lin Chia Ling 17 March 2015 International Education An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Issues and Systems Routledge pp 459 ISBN 978 1 317 46751 9 Retrieved 30 March 2022 a b Guadalquiver Nanette L SUCs lament govt s inadequate financial aid Sun Star Iloilo July 07 2004 University of the Philippines Profile PDF Commission on Higher Education Archived from the original PDF on 10 February 2020 Retrieved 10 February 2020 a b Republic Act No 9500 Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines 19 April 2008 Archived from the original on 13 May 2019 Retrieved 10 February 2020 Hachero Ashzel More students expected to transfer to state run colleges Malaya Newspaper June 05 2008 Higher Education Enrollment by Region and Institution Type AY 2019 20 PDF Commission on Higher Education Archived from the original PDF on 28 June 2021 Retrieved 12 January 2022 78 Local Universities and Colleges now eligible for Free Higher Education Commission on Higher Education 16 March 2018 Retrieved 10 February 2020 Local Universities and Colleges LUCs are educational institutions established by local government units through an ordinance and other enabling acts Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila 41st Founding Anniversary Manila Bulletin 2006 06 19 Archived from the original on 2006 06 19 Retrieved 2006 12 25 a b c CHED Memorandum Order No 1 s 2005 PDF Commission on Higher Education Archived from the original PDF on 3 October 2008 Retrieved 10 February 2020 Journal of Philippine Higher Education Quality Assurance PDF 1 Quezon City Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines Inc January 2003 ISSN 1655 8545 Retrieved 10 February 2020 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b A new era for higher education accreditation in RP Accessed August 19 2008 dead link Palispis E 1999 Voluntary Accreditation in the Philippines An Overview Asian Social Institute Manila p10 PAASCU FAQ Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools Colleges and Universities 2008 Archived from the original on 14 September 2008 Retrieved 10 February 2020 a b 1306199966786 Ateneo de Manila University ls ateneo edu a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Check url value help Silliman University granted institutional accreditation Archived 2010 12 20 at the Wayback Machine Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved 2011 03 31 14 Academic Programs Granted Highest Accreditation Status Silliman University Retrieved 2012 04 22 14 SU programs granted Level IV status Archived 2013 06 18 at the Wayback Machine Visayan Daily Star Retrieved 2012 04 29 Nilo E Colinares Philippine Education in the Third Millennium 6Ns Enterprises Manila 2005 p283 DLSU Manila Offices Institutional Accreditation and Assessment Office IAA www dlsu edu ph Archived from the original on 1 September 2009 Retrieved 15 January 2022 CHED Memorandum Order No 52 s 2006 PDF Commission on Higher Education 15 November 2006 Archived from the original PDF on 10 February 2020 Retrieved 10 February 2020 a b c CHED Memorandum Order No 19 s 2016 Benefits and Responsibilities of Autonomous and Deregulated Private Higher Education Institutions PDF April 13 2016 Retrieved April 6 2018 Chartered Colleges and Universities CMO No 18 series of 1999 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila FAQs www plm edu ph Archived from the original on 5 August 2012 Retrieved 2 February 2022 Presidential Decree No 639 s 1975 Official Gazette Philippines April 1 1975 Retrieved April 6 2018 a b c CHED Memorandum Order No 7 s 2021 PDF ched gov ph Commission on Higher Education Retrieved August 28 2021 CHED Memorandum Order No 12 s 2019 PDF ched gov ph Commission on Higher Education Retrieved June 25 2020 CHED to rank colleges and universities in RP Archived 2010 04 16 at the Wayback Machine Asiaweek 2000 rankings Archived 2016 02 02 at the Wayback Machine Accessed Aug 8 2008 Asiaweek 1999 rankings Accessed Aug 8 2008 a b c d e f 2007 THES QS World University Rankings Ateneo de Manila University 27 November 2007 Archived from the original on 21 October 2008 Retrieved 9 February 2020 a b c d e f g h University of the Philippines Top Universities 16 July 2015 Retrieved 9 February 2020 University of the Philippines Rankings 2007 2013 Top Universities Archived from the original on 26 July 2014 Retrieved 9 February 2020 a b c d e f University of the Philippines QS World University Rankings 2005 2011 Top Universities 2012 Archived from the original on 19 April 2012 Retrieved 9 February 2020 a b c d e f g h Ateneo de Manila University Top Universities 16 July 2015 Retrieved 9 February 2020 Ateneo de Manila University Rankings 2007 2013 Top Universities Archived from the original on 4 November 2013 Retrieved 9 February 2020 a b c d e f Ateneo de Manila University QS World University Rankings 2005 2011 Top Universities 2012 Archived from the original on 19 April 2012 Retrieved 9 February 2020 a b c d e f g h De La Salle University Top Universities 16 July 2015 Retrieved 9 February 2020 De La Salle State University Rankings 2007 2013 Top Universities Archived from the original on 2 September 2014 Retrieved 9 February 2020 a b c d e f De La Salle University QS World University Rankings 2005 2011 Top Universities 2012 Archived from the original on 19 April 2012 Retrieved 9 February 2020 a b c d e f g h University of Santo Tomas Top Universities 16 July 2015 Retrieved 9 February 2020 University of Santo Tomas Rankings 2012 2015 Top Universities 2015 Archived from the original on 18 September 2015 Retrieved 9 February 2020 a b c d e f University of Santo Tomas QS World University Rankings 2005 2011 Top Universities 2012 Archived from the original on 15 April 2012 Retrieved 9 February 2020 FEU only PH institution in innovative universities list The Manila Times 1 October 2020 Archived from the original on 31 October 2020 Retrieved 12 January 2022 RP universities get low rankings La Salle UST dropped out of Top 500 GMANews TV UP 14 other PH colleges included in 2022 QS Asia University Rankings CNN Philippines 3 November 2021 Archived from the original on 3 November 2021 Retrieved 12 January 2022 PLM administration criticizes the THES QS Survey Ang Pamantasan Vol XXVII No 2 September 01 2006 Leticia Penano Ho Who Should Tell Us Who We Are Archived 2007 07 02 at the Wayback Machine University of the Philippines System website Accessed May 6 2007 Ateneo de Manila University www ateneo edu Archived from the original on 30 September 2007 Retrieved 15 January 2022 a b UP Questions Validity of the THES and QS university rankings October 28 2008 a b CHED hails rankings of 4 RP universities Philippine Daily Inquirer October 16 2008 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Higher education in the Philippines amp oldid 1118925645 State universities and colleges, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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