fbpx
Wikipedia

Southern Democrats

Southern Democrats are affiliates of the U.S. Democratic Party who reside in the Southern United States.[1]

Before the American Civil War, Southern Democrats were mostly White men living in the South who believed in Jacksonian democracy. In the 19th century, they defended slavery in the United States, and promoted its expansion into the Western United States against the Free Soil opposition in the Northern United States. The United States presidential election of 1860 formalized the split in the Democratic Party and brought about the American Civil War. Stephen Douglas was the candidate for the Northern Democratic Party, and John C. Breckinridge represented the Southern Democratic Party. Abraham Lincoln, who opposed slavery, was the Republican Party candidate.[2] After Reconstruction ended in the late 1870s so-called redeemers controlled all the Southern states and disenfranchised Blacks. The "Solid South" gave nearly all its electoral votes to the Democrats in presidential elections. Republicans seldom were elected to office outside some Appalachian mountain districts and a few heavily German-American counties of Texas.

After American women gained the de jure right to vote after the 19th amendment in 1920, the Solid South began to show some cracks during the Roaring Twenties, but the monopoly that the Democratic Party held over most of the South only first showed major signs of breaking apart in 1948; many White Southern Democrats, upset by the policies of desegregation enacted during the administration of Democratic President Harry Truman, created the States Rights Democratic Party. This new party, commonly referred to as the "Dixiecrats", nominated South Carolina Governor Strom Thurmond for president. The Dixiecrats won most of the deep South, where, in Alabama, Truman was not even on the ballot. The new party collapsed after Truman still won the election, and Thurmond became a Republican in the 1960s.

President Lyndon B. Johnson, although a southern Democrat himself, signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965. The evening after signing the Civil Rights Act, Johnson told aide Bill Moyers, "I think we may have lost the south for your lifetime – and mine", anticipating a coming backlash from Southern Whites against Johnson's Democratic Party.[3] As Johnson anticipated, this led to heavy opposition from Southern Democrats. However, the Democratic Party had a supermajority in the Senate with 46 of their members joining the Republican Party by voting for, while 21, all conservative, southern Democrats voted against.[4][5] Subsequent to the passage of civil rights legislation, many White southerners switched to the Republican Party at the national level. Many scholars have said that Southern Whites shifted to the Republican Party due to racial backlash and social conservatism.[6][7][8] Many continued to vote for Democrats at the state and local levels, especially before the Republican Revolution of 1994.[9]

By the 21st century and especially after the 2010 midterm elections, the GOP gained a solid advantage over the Democratic Party in most Southern states.[10] In 2016, Republican candidate Donald Trump won a majority of the vote in Elliott County, Kentucky, the first time that it had ever voted for a Republican presidential candidate since its establishment in 1869. In 2020, Democrat Joe Biden narrowly won Georgia, the first time since 1992 that Georgia voted for a Democratic presidential candidate, though Republicans maintained their state government "trifecta" (including in the 2022 midterms). Noted modern-day Southern Democrats include Kentucky governor Andy Beshear, North Carolina governor Roy Cooper, Virginia's U.S. Senators Mark Warner and Tim Kaine, Georgia's U.S. Senators Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff, and West Virginia's U.S. Senator Joe Manchin. Southern Democrats of the 21st century tend to be more progressive than their predecessors.[11]

History edit

1828–1861 edit

The title of "Democrat" has its beginnings in the South, going back to the founding of the Democratic-Republican Party in 1793 by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. It held to small government principles and distrusted the national government. Foreign policy was a major issue. After being the dominant party in U.S. politics from 1801 to 1829, the Democratic-Republicans split into two factions by 1828: the federalist National Republicans, and the Democrats. The Democrats and Whigs were evenly balanced in the 1830s and 1840s. However, by the 1850s, the Whigs disintegrated. Other opposition parties emerged but the Democrats were dominant. Northern Democrats were in serious opposition to Southern Democrats on the issue of slavery; Northern Democrats, led by Stephen Douglas, believed in Popular Sovereignty—letting the people of the territories vote on slavery. The Southern Democrats, reflecting the views of the late John C. Calhoun, insisted slavery was national.

The Democrats controlled the national government from 1853 until 1861, and presidents Pierce and Buchanan were friendly to Southern interests. In the North, the newly formed anti-slavery Republican Party came to power and dominated the electoral college. In the 1860 presidential election, the Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln, but the divide among Democrats led to the nomination of two candidates: John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky represented Southern Democrats, and Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois represented Northern Democrats. Nevertheless, the Republicans had a majority of the electoral vote regardless of how the opposition split or joined and Abraham Lincoln was elected.

1861–1933 edit

After the election of Abraham Lincoln, Southern Democrats led the charge to secede from the Union and establish the Confederate States. The United States Congress was dominated by Republicans, save for Andrew Johnson of Tennessee, the only senator from a state in rebellion to reject secession. The Border States of Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri were torn by political turmoil. Kentucky and Missouri were both governed by pro-secessionist Southern Democratic Governors who vehemently rejected Lincoln's call for 75,000 troops. Kentucky and Missouri both held secession conventions, but neither officially declared secession. Southern Democrats in Maryland faced a Unionist Governor Thomas Holliday Hicks and the Union Army. Armed with the suspension of habeas corpus and Union troops, Governor Hicks was able to stop Maryland's secession movement. Maryland was the only state south of the Mason–Dixon line whose governor affirmed Lincoln's call for 75,000 troops.

After secession, the Democratic vote in the North split between the War Democrats and the Peace Democrats or "Copperheads". The War Democrats voted for Lincoln in the 1864 election, and Lincoln had a War Democrat — Andrew Johnson — on his ticket. In the South, during Reconstruction the White Republican element, called "Scalawags" became smaller and smaller as more and more joined the Democrats. In the North, most War Democrats returned to the Democrats, and when the "Panic of 1873" hit, the GOP was blamed and the Democrats gained control of the House of Representatives in 1875. The Democrats emphasized that since Jefferson and Jackson they had been the party of states rights, which added to their appeal in the White South.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Democrats, led by the dominant Southern wing, had a strong representation in Congress. They won both houses in 1912 and elected Woodrow Wilson, a New Jersey academic with deep Southern roots and a strong base among the Southern middle class. The GOP regained Congress in 1919. Southern Democrats held powerful positions in Congress during the Wilson Administration, with one study noting “Though comprising only about half of the Democratic senators and slightly over two-fifths of the Democratic representatives, the southerners made up a large majority of the party’s senior members in the two houses. They exerted great weight in the two Democratic caucuses and headed almost all of the important congressional committees.”[12]

From 1896 to 1912 and 1921 to 1931, the Democrats were relegated to second place status in national politics and didn't control a single branch of the federal government despite universal dominance in most of the "Solid South." In 1928 several Southern states dallied with voting Republican in supporting Herbert Hoover over the Roman Catholic Al Smith, but the behavior was short lived as the Stock Market Crash of 1929 returned Republicans to disfavor throughout the South. Nationally, Republicans lost Congress in January 1931 and the White House in March 1933 by huge margins. By this time, too, the Democratic Party leadership began to change its tone somewhat on racial politics. With the Great Depression gripping the nation, and with the lives of most Americans disrupted, the assisting of African-Americans in American society was seen as necessary by the new government.

1933–1981 edit

During the 1930s, as the New Deal began to move Democrats as a whole to the left in economic policy, Southern Democrats were mostly supportive, although by the late 1930s there was a growing conservative faction. Both factions supported Roosevelt's foreign policies. By 1948 the protection of segregation led Democrats in the Deep South to reject Truman and run a third party ticket of Dixiecrats in the 1948 election. After 1964, Southern Democrats lost major battles during the Civil Rights Movement. Federal laws ended segregation and restrictions on black voters.

During the Civil Rights Movement, Democrats in the South initially still voted loyally with their party. After the signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the old argument that all Whites had to stick together to prevent civil rights legislation lost its force because the legislation had now been passed. More and more Whites began to vote Republican, especially in the suburbs and growing cities. Newcomers from the North were mostly Republican; they were now joined by conservatives and wealthy Southern Whites, while liberal Whites and poor Whites, especially in rural areas, remained with the Democratic Party.[13]

The New Deal program of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) generally united the party factions for over three decades, since Southerners, like Northern urban populations, were hit particularly hard and generally benefited from the massive governmental relief program. FDR was adept at holding White Southerners in the coalition[14] while simultaneously beginning the erosion of Black voters away from their then-characteristic Republican preferences. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s catalyzed the end of this Democratic Party coalition of interests by magnetizing Black voters to the Democratic label and simultaneously ending White supremacist control of the Democratic Party apparatus.[15] A series of court decisions, rendering primary elections as public instead of private events administered by the parties, essentially freed the Southern region to change more toward the two-party behavior of most of the rest of the nation.

In the presidential elections of 1952 and 1956 Republican nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower, a popular World War II general, won several Southern states, thus breaking some White Southerners away from their Democratic Party pattern. The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a significant event in converting the Deep South to the Republican Party; in that year most Senatorial Republicans supported the Act (most of the opposition came from Southern Democrats). From the end of the Civil War to 1961 Democrats had solid control over the southern states on the national level, hence the term "Solid South" to describe the states' Democratic preference. After the passage of this Act, however, their willingness to support Republicans on a national level increased demonstrably. In 1964, Republican presidential nominee Goldwater, who had voted against the Civil Rights Act,[16] won many of the "Solid South" states over Democratic presidential nominee Lyndon B. Johnson, himself a Texan, and with many this Republican support continued and seeped down the ballot to congressional, state, and ultimately local levels. A further significant item of legislation was the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which targeted for preclearance by the U.S. Department of Justice any election-law change in areas where African-American voting participation was lower than the norm (most but not all of these areas were in the South); the effect of the Voting Rights Act on southern elections was profound, including the by-product that some White Southerners perceived it as meddling while Black voters universally appreciated it. Nixon aid Kevin Phillips told the New York Times in 1970 that "Negrophobe" Whites would quit the Democrats if Republicans enforced the Voting Rights Act and blacks registered as Democrats.[17] The trend toward acceptance of Republican identification among Southern White voters was bolstered in the next two elections by Richard Nixon.

Denouncing the forced busing policy that was used to enforce school desegregation,[18] Richard Nixon courted populist conservative Southern Whites with what is called the Southern Strategy, though his speechwriter Jeffrey Hart claimed that his campaign rhetoric was actually a "Border State Strategy" and accused the press of being "very lazy" when they called it a "Southern Strategy".[19] In the 1971 Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ruling, the power of the federal government to enforce forced busing was strengthened when the Supreme Court ruled that the federal courts had the discretion to include busing as a desegregation tool to achieve racial balance. Some southern Democrats became Republicans at the national level, while remaining with their old party in state and local politics throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Several prominent conservative Democrats switched parties to become Republicans, including Strom Thurmond, John Connally and Mills E. Godwin Jr.[20] In the 1974 Milliken v. Bradley decision, however, the ability to use forced busing as a political tactic was greatly diminished when the U.S. Supreme Court placed an important limitation on Swann and ruled that students could only be bused across district lines if evidence of de jure segregation across multiple school districts existed.

In 1976, former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter won every Southern state except Oklahoma and Virginia in his successful presidential campaign as a Democrat. In 1980 Republican presidential nominee Ronald Reagan won every southern state except for Georgia, although Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee were all decided by less than 3%.[b]

1981–2008 edit

In 1980, Republican presidential nominee Ronald Reagan announced that he supported "states' rights."[21] Lee Atwater, who served as Reagan's chief strategist in the Southern states, claimed that by 1968, a vast majority of southern Whites had learned to accept that racial slurs like "nigger" were offensive and that mentioning "states rights" and reasons for its justification, along with fiscal conservatism and opposition to social programs understood by many White southerners to disproportionally benefit Black Americans, had now become the best way to appeal to southern White voters.[22] Following Reagan's success at the national level, the Republican Party moved sharply to the New Right, with the shrinkage of the "Eastern Establishment" Rockefeller Republican element that had emphasized their support for civil rights.[23]

Economic and cultural conservatism (especially regarding abortion and LGBT rights) became more important in the South, with its large religious right element, such as Southern Baptists in the Bible Belt.[24] The South gradually became fertile ground for the Republican Party. Following the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the large Black vote in the South held steady but overwhelmingly favored the Democratic Party. Even as the Democratic party came to increasingly depend on the support of African-American voters in the South, well-established White Democratic incumbents still held sway in most Southern states for decades. Starting in 1964, although the Southern states split their support between parties in most presidential elections, conservative Democrats controlled nearly every Southern state legislature until the mid-1990s. On the eve of the Republican Revolution in 1994, Democrats still held a 2:1 advantage over the Republicans in southern congressional seats. Only in 2011 did the Republicans capture a majority of Southern state legislatures, and have continued to hold power over Southern politics for the most part since.

Many of the Representatives, Senators, and voters who were referred to as Reagan Democrats in the 1980s were conservative Southern Democrats. But there were or are notable remnants of the Solid South in the 21st century.

  • One example was Arkansas, whose state legislature continued to be majority Democrat (having, however, given its electoral votes to the Republicans in the past three presidential elections, except in 1992 and 1996 when "favorite son" Bill Clinton was the candidate and won each time) until 2012, when Arkansas voters selected a 21–14 Republican majority in the Arkansas Senate.
  • Another example was North Carolina. Although the state has voted for Republicans in every presidential election since 1980 except for 2008, the State legislature was in Democratic control until 2010. The North Carolina congressional delegation was heavily Democratic until January 2013 when the Republicans could, after the 2010 United States census, adopt a redistricting plan of their choosing. The incumbent governor is Democrat Roy Cooper, while both of North Carolina's U.S. Senators are Republicans.
  • Virginia continues to be an example, with both major parties competitive in the State in the 21st century. Dr. Ralph Northam, a Democrat and the governor of Virginia (2018–22), admitted that he voted for George W. Bush in the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections.[25] Despite this admission, Northam, a former state Senator who has served as Lieutenant Governor of Virginia from 2014 to 2018, easily defeated the more progressive and cosmopolitan candidate, former Representative Tom Perriello, by 55.9 percent to 44.1 percent to win the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 2017.[26] Both of Virginia's U.S. Senators are Democrats, while the incumbent governor Glenn Youngkin is a Republican.

In 1992, Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton was elected president. Unlike Carter, however, Clinton was only able to win the southern states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Kentucky, Tennessee and Georgia. While running for president, Clinton promised to "end welfare as we have come to know it" while in office.[27] In 1996, Clinton would fulfill his campaign promise and the longtime Republican goal of major welfare reform came into fruition. After two welfare reform bills sponsored by the Republican-controlled Congress were successfully vetoed by the President,[28] a compromise was eventually reached and the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act was signed into law on August 22, 1996.[27]

During the Clinton administration, the southern strategy shifted towards the so-called "culture war," which saw major political battles between the Religious Right and the secular Left. Chapman notes a split vote among many conservative Southern Democrats in the 1970s and 1980s who supported local and statewide conservative Democrats while simultaneously voting for Republican presidential candidates.[29] This tendency of many Southern Whites to vote for the Republican presidential candidate but Democrats from other offices lasted until the 2010 midterm elections. In the November 2008 elections, Democrats won 3 out of 4 U.S. House seats from Mississippi, 3 out of 4 in Arkansas, 5 out of 9 in Tennessee, and achieved near parity in the Georgia and Alabama delegations.

Republicans first dominated presidential elections in the South, then won a majority of Southern gubernatorial and congressional elections after the 1994 Republican Revolution, and finally came to control a majority of Southern state legislatures by the 2010s. As of the 2020s, Southern Democrats who consistently vote for the Democratic ticket are mostly urban liberals or African Americans, while most White Southerners of both genders tend to vote for the Republican ticket, although there are sizable numbers of swing voters who sometimes split their tickets or cross party lines.[30][31]

2009–present edit

In 2009, Southern Democrats controlled both branches of the Alabama General Assembly, the Arkansas General Assembly, the Delaware General Assembly, the Louisiana State Legislature, the Maryland General Assembly, the Mississippi Legislature, the North Carolina General Assembly, and the West Virginia Legislature, along with the Council of the District of Columbia, the Kentucky House of Representatives, and the Virginia Senate.[32] Democrats lost control of the North Carolina and Alabama legislatures in 2010, the Louisiana and Mississippi legislatures in 2011 and the Arkansas legislature in 2012. Additionally, in 2014, Democrats lost four U.S. Senate seats in the South (in West Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Louisiana) that they had previously held. By 2017, Southern Democrats only controlled both branches of the Delaware General Assembly and the Maryland General Assembly, along with the Council of the District of Columbia; they had lost control of both houses of the state legislatures in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, and West Virginia.[33]

Nearly all White Democratic representatives in the South lost reelection in the 2010 midterm elections. That year, Democrats won only one U.S. House seat each in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Arkansas, and two out of nine House seats in Tennessee, and they lost their one Arkansas seat in 2012. Following the November 2010 elections, John Barrow of Georgia was left as the only White Democratic U.S. House member in the Deep South, and he lost reelection in 2014. There would no more White Democrats from the Deep South until Joe Cunningham was elected from a South Carolina U.S. House district in 2018, and he lost re-election in 2020.

However, even since January 2013, Democrats have not been completely shut out of power in the South. Democrat John Bel Edwards was elected governor of Louisiana in 2015 and won re-election in 2019, running as an anti-abortion, pro-gun conservative Democrat. In a 2017 special election, moderate Democrat Doug Jones was elected a U.S. Senator from Alabama, though he lost re-election in 2020. Democrat Roy Cooper was elected governor of North Carolina in 2016 and won re-election in 2020. Southern Democrats saw some additional successes in 2019, as Andy Beshear was elected governor of Kentucky and won re-election in 2023.

Since 2017, most U.S. House or state legislative seats held by Democrats in the South are majority-minority or urban districts. Due to growing urbanization and changing demographics in many Southern states, more liberal Democrats have found success in the South. In the 2018 elections, Democrats nearly succeeded in taking governor's seats in Georgia and Florida and gained 12 national House seats in the South;[34] the trend continued in the 2019 elections, where Democrats took both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, and in 2020 where Joe Biden narrowly won Georgia with Republicans winning down ballot, along with Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff narrowly winning both U.S. Senate seats in that state just two months later. However, Democrats would lose the governor races in Florida and Georgia in 2022 by wider margins than in 2018, though Senator Warnock won re-election in Georgia.

Election results edit

Won by Biden/Harris
2020 United States presidential election results
States /
Commonwealth /
Federal district
United States presidential election Electoral
college
Democratic
# % Change
Alabama United States presidential election in Alabama 9 849,624 36.57%  0
Arkansas United States presidential election in Arkansas 6 423,932 34.78%  0
Delaware United States presidential election in Delaware 3 296,268 58.74%  0
District of Columbia United States presidential election in the District of Columbia 3 317,323 92.15%  0
Florida United States presidential election in Florida 29 5,297,045 47.86%  0
Georgia United States presidential election in Georgia 16 2,473,633 49.47%  1
Kentucky United States presidential election in Kentucky 8 772,474 36.15%  0
Louisiana United States presidential election in Louisiana 8 856,034 39.85%  0
Maryland United States presidential election in Maryland 10 1,985,023 65.36%  0
Mississippi United States presidential election in Mississippi 6 539,398 41.06%  0
North Carolina United States presidential election in North Carolina 15 2,684,292 48.59%  0
Oklahoma United States presidential election in Oklahoma 7 503,890 32.29%  0
South Carolina United States presidential election in South Carolina 9 1,091,541 43.43%  0
Tennessee United States presidential election in Tennessee 11 1,143,711 37.45%  0
Texas United States presidential election in Texas 38 5,259,126 46.48%  0
Virginia United States presidential election in Virginia 13 2,413,568 54.11%  0
West Virginia United States presidential election in West Virginia 5 235,984 29.69%  0
2020 United States federal elections results
States /
Commonwealth /
Federal district
United States Congress Total
seats
Democratic
Seats Change
Alabama United States House of Representatives in Alabama 7 1  0
United States Senate in Alabama 1 0  1
Arkansas United States House of Representatives in Arkansas 4 0  0
United States Senate in Arkansas 1 0  0
Delaware United States House of Representatives in Delaware 1 1  0
United States Senate in Delaware 1 1  0
District of Columbia United States House Delegate for the District of Columbia 1 1  0
Florida United States House of Representatives in Florida 27 11  2
Georgia United States House of Representatives in Georgia 14 6  1
United States Senate in Georgia 2 2  2
Kentucky United States House of Representatives in Kentucky 6 1  0
United States Senate in Kentucky 1 0  0
Louisiana United States House of Representatives in Louisiana 6 1  0
United States Senate in Louisiana 1 0  0
Maryland United States House of Representatives in Maryland 8 7  0
Mississippi United States House of Representatives in Mississippi 4 1  0
United States Senate in Mississippi 1 0  0
North Carolina United States House of Representatives in North Carolina 13 5  2
United States Senate in North Carolina 1 0  0
Oklahoma United States House of Representatives in Oklahoma 5 0  1
United States Senate in Oklahoma 1 0  0
South Carolina United States House of Representatives in South Carolina 7 1  1
United States Senate in South Carolina 1 0  0
Tennessee United States House of Representatives in Tennessee 9 2  0
United States Senate in Tennessee 1 0  0
Texas United States House of Representatives in Texas 36 13  0
United States Senate in Texas 1 0  0
Virginia United States House of Representatives in Virginia 11 7  0
United States Senate in Virginia 1 1  0
West Virginia United States House of Representatives in West Virginia 3 0  0
United States Senate in West Virginia 1 0  0
2022 United States gubernatorial elections results
States /
Commonwealth /
Federal district
Governors Seat Democratic
Change
Alabama Governor of Alabama 0  0
Arkansas Governor of Arkansas 0  0
Florida Governor of Florida 0  0
Georgia Governor of Georgia 0  0
Maryland Governor of Maryland 1  1
Oklahoma Governor of Oklahoma 0  0
South Carolina Governor of South Carolina 0  0
Tennessee Governor of Tennessee 0  0
Texas Governor of Texas 0  0
2018,[a] 2019,[b] 2020 and 2021[c] United States state legislative election results
States /
Commonwealth /
Federal district
Legislatures Total
seats
Democratic
Seats Change
Alabama Alabama House of Representatives 105 28  4
Alabama Senate 37 8  0
Arkansas Arkansas House of Representatives 100 23  1
Arkansas Senate 18 7  2
Delaware Delaware House of Representatives 41 26  
Delaware Senate 10 8  2
District of Columbia Council of the District of Columbia 13 11  0
Florida Florida House of Representatives 120 42  4
Florida Senate 20 9  1
Georgia Georgia House of Representatives 180 77  2
Georgia Senate 56 22  1
Kentucky Kentucky House of Representatives 100 25  14
Kentucky Senate 19 5  2
Louisiana Louisiana House of Representatives 105 35  4
Louisiana Senate 39 12  2
Maryland Maryland House of Delegates 141 99  7
Maryland Senate 47 32  1
Mississippi Mississippi House of Representatives 122 46  2
Mississippi State Senate 52 16  3
North Carolina North Carolina House of Representatives 120 51  4
North Carolina Senate 50 22  1
Oklahoma Oklahoma House of Representatives 101 19  5
Oklahoma Senate 24 2  0
South Carolina South Carolina House of Representatives 123 42  1
South Carolina Senate 46 16  3
Tennessee Tennessee House of Representatives 99 26  
Tennessee Senate 16 2  1
Texas Texas House of Representatives 150 67  0
Texas Senate 16 8  1
Virginia Virginia House of Delegates 100 48  5
Virginia Senate 40 21  2
West Virginia West Virginia House of Delegates 100 24  17
West Virginia Senate 34 11  3

Noted Southern Democrats edit

Individuals are organized in sections by chronological (century they died or are still alive) order and then alphabetical order (last name then first name) within sections. Current or former U.S. Presidents or Vice presidents have their own section that begins first, but not former Confederate States Presidents or Vice presidents. Also, incumbent federal or state officeholders begin second.

Southern Democrat U.S. Presidents and Vice Presidents edit

  • Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the United States, U.S. Senator from Tennessee
  • Alben Barkley, Representative, U.S. Senator from Kentucky and U.S. Vice President[35]
  • John C. Breckinridge, 14th Vice President of the United States, 5th Confederate States Secretary of War, U.S. Senator from Kentucky
  • John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President of the United States, U.S. Senator from South Carolina
  • John Tyler, 10th President of the United States, 10th Vice President of the United States, U.S. Senator from Virginia
  • James K. Polk, 11th President of the United States, 9th Governor of Tennessee
  • Jimmy Carter, Governor of Georgia and President of the United States (1977–1981)[36]
  • Bill Clinton, Governor of Arkansas and President of the United States (1993–2001)[37][38]
  • Al Gore, Representative and U.S. Senator from Tennessee, Vice President of the United States (1993–2001) and 2000 Democratic nominee for President[39][40]
  • Lyndon B. Johnson, U.S. Representative and senator from Texas, Vice President of the United States (1961–1963), and President of the United States (1963–1969)[41]
  • Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States, 16th Vice President of the United States, U.S. Senator from Tennessee

Incumbent Southern Democrat Elected Officeholders edit

19th Century Southern Democrats edit

  • Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the United States, U.S. Senator from Tennessee
  • Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States, 16th Vice President of the United States, U.S. Senator from Tennessee
  • Alexander H. Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States, 50th Governor of Georgia
  • James K. Polk, 11th President of the United States, 9th Governor of Tennessee
  • Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States,[53] U.S. Senator from Mississippi
  • John C. Breckinridge, 14th Vice President of the United States, 5th Confederate States Secretary of War, U.S. Senator from Kentucky
  • John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President of the United States, U.S. Senator from South Carolina
  • John Tyler, 10th President of the United States, 10th Vice President of the United States, U.S. Senator from Virginia
  • Judah P. Benjamin, 3rd Confederate States Secretary of State, 2nd Confederate States Secretary of War, 1st Confederate States Attorney General, U.S. Senator from Louisiana

20th Century Southern Democrats edit

21st Century Southern Democrats (Deceased) edit

21st Century Southern Democrats (Living) edit

Southern Democratic presidential tickets edit

At various times, registered Democrats from the South broke with the national party to nominate their own presidential and vice presidential candidates, generally in opposition to civil rights measures supported by the national nominees. There was at least one Southern Democratic effort in every presidential election from 1944 until 1968, besides 1952. On some occasions, such as in 1948 with Strom Thurmond, these candidates have been listed on the ballot in some states as the nominee of the Democratic Party. George Wallace of Alabama was in presidential politics as a conservative Democrat except 1968, when he left the party and ran as an independent. Running as the nominees of the American Independent Party, the Wallace ticket won 5 states. Its best result was in Alabama, where it received 65.9% of the vote. Wallace was the official Democratic nominee in Alabama and Hubert Humphrey was listed as the "National Democratic" candidate.[135]

Year Presidential nominee Home state Previous positions Vice presidential nominee Home state Previous positions Votes Notes
1860  
John C. Breckinridge
  Kentucky Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky's 8th congressional district
(1851–1855)
Vice President of the United States
(1857–1861)
 
Joseph Lane
  Oregon Governor of Oregon
(1849–1850; 1853)
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Oregon Territory's at-large congressional district
(1851–1859)
United States Senator from Oregon
(1859–1861)
848,019 (18.1%)
72 EV
[136]
1944 Unpledged electors 143,238 (0.3%)
0 EV
[137]
1948  
Strom Thurmond
  South Carolina Member of the South Carolina Senate
(1933–1938)
Governor of South Carolina
(1947–1951)
 
Fielding L. Wright
  Mississippi Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi
(1944–1946)
Governor of Mississippi
(1946–1952)
1,175,930 (2.4%)
39 EV
[138]
1956 Unpledged electors 196,145 (0.3%)
0 EV
[139]
 
T. Coleman Andrews
  Virginia Commissioner of Internal Revenue
(1953–1955)
 
Thomas H. Werdel
  California Member of the California State Assembly from the 39th district
(1943–1947)
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 10th congressional district
(1949–1953)
107,929 (0.2%)
0 EV
[140]
Walter Burgwyn Jones   Alabama Judge
Member of the Alabama House of Representatives
(1919–1921)
 
Herman Talmadge
  Georgia Governor of Georgia
(1947; 1948–1955)
0 (0.0%)
1 EV
[141]
1960 Unpledged electors 610,409 (0.4%)
15 EV
[142]
 
Orval Faubus
  Arkansas Governor of Arkansas
(1955–1967)
 
John G. Crommelin
  Alabama United States Navy Rear Admiral
Candidate for United States Senator from Alabama
(1950, 1954, 1956)
44,984 (0.1%)
0 EV
[143]
1964 Unpledged electors 210,732 (0.3%)
0 EV
[144]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Alabama and Maryland held midterms in every 4 years
  2. ^ Louisiana, Mississippi and Virginia only
  3. ^ Virginia House of Delegates only held off-year every 2 years

b South of the Mason–Dixon line Carter won just 34 electoral votes – his own Georgia, plus Delaware, Maryland, and District of Columbia.

References edit

  1. ^ "Texas Politics – Yellow Dogs and Blue Dogs".
  2. ^ "Southern Democratic Party – Ohio History Central".
  3. ^ Kaiser, Charles (January 23, 2023). "'We may have lost the south': what LBJ really said about Democrats in 1964". The Guardian. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  4. ^ "PolitiFact – Group of Southern Democrats, not all Democrats, held up 1964 Civil Rights Act".
  5. ^ "Democrat/GOP Vote Tally on 1964 Civil Rights Act". Wall Street Journal. December 31, 2002.
  6. ^ Carmines, Edward; Stimson, James (1990). Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691023311. from the original on May 16, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  7. ^ Valentino, Nicholas A.; Sears, David O. (2005). "Old Times There Are Not Forgotten: Race and Partisan Realignment in the Contemporary South". American Journal of Political Science. 49 (3): 672–88. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00136.x. ISSN 0092-5853.
  8. ^ Ilyana, Kuziemko; Ebonya, Washington (2018). "Why Did the Democrats Lose the South? Bringing New Data to an Old Debate". American Economic Review. 108 (10): 2830–2867. doi:10.1257/aer.20161413. ISSN 0002-8282.
  9. ^ Elving, Rom (June 25, 2015). "Dixie's Long Journey From Democratic Stronghold To Republican Redoubt". NPR.
  10. ^ "The long goodbye". The Economist. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  11. ^ "The Return of the Southern Democrat". U.S. News & World Report. October 5, 2018.
  12. ^ The South in Modern America A Region at Odds By Dewey W. Grantham, 2001, P.66
  13. ^ Byron E. Shafer and Richard Johnston, The End of Southern Exceptionalism: Class, Race, and Partisan Change in the Postwar South (2009) pp. 173–74
  14. ^ As in declining to invite African-American Jesse Owens, hero of the 1936 Olympics, to the White House.
  15. ^ Until the 1960s the Democratic Party primaries were tantamount to election in most of the South and, being restricted largely to caucasians, were openly called White primaries.
  16. ^ "Goldwater, Barry M". April 26, 2017.
  17. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/books/phillips-southern.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  18. ^ Lawrence J McAndrews (Summer 1998). "The Politics of Principle: Richard Nixon". The Journal of Negro History. 83 (3): 187–200. doi:10.2307/2649015. JSTOR 2649015. S2CID 141142915.
  19. ^ Hart, Jeffrey (February 9, 2006). The Making of the American Conservative Mind (television). Hanover, New Hampshire: C-SPAN.
  20. ^ Joseph A. Aistrup (2015). The Southern Strategy Revisited: Republican Top-Down Advancement in the South. University Press of Kentucky. p. 135. ISBN 9780813147925.
  21. ^ Greenberg, David (November 20, 2007). "Dog-Whistling Dixie: When Reagan said "states' rights," he was talking about race". Slate. from the original on January 12, 2012.
  22. ^ Branch, Taylor (1999). Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years 1963–65. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-684-80819-2. OCLC 37909869.
  23. ^ Nicol C. Rae, The Decline and Fall of the Liberal Republicans: From 1952 to the Present (1989).
  24. ^ Nicole Mellow (2008). The State of Disunion: Regional Sources of Modern American Partisanship. Johns Hopkins UP. p. 110. ISBN 9780801896460.
  25. ^ Grim, Ryan (February 28, 2017). "Democratic Candidate For Virginia Governor Says He Voted For George W. Bush. Twice". HuffPost.
  26. ^ Times-Dispatch, GRAHAM MOOMAW AND PATRICK WILSON Richmond (June 14, 2017). "Northam defeats Perriello for Democratic nomination for governor; Gillespie edges Stewart in GOP contest".
  27. ^ a b Vobejda, Barbara (August 22, 1996). "Clinton Signs Welfare Bill Amid Division". Washington Post. Retrieved November 21, 2013.
  28. ^ Why blacks love Bill Clinton – interview with DeWayne Wickham, Salon.com, Suzy Hansen, published February 22, 2002, accessed October 21, 2013.
  29. ^ Roger Chapman, Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia (2010) vol 1, p. 136
  30. ^ Junn, Jane; Masuoka, Natalie (2020). "The Gender Gap Is a Race Gap: Women Voters in US Presidential Elections". Perspectives on Politics. 18 (4): 1135–1145. doi:10.1017/S1537592719003876. ISSN 1537-5927.
  31. ^ "Can the Republican Party Keep Trump Democrats?". National Review. November 21, 2016.
  32. ^ (PDF). www.ncsl.org. National Conference of State Legislatures. January 26, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 22, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  33. ^ (PDF). www.ncsl.org. National Conference of State Legislatures. August 4, 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 2, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  34. ^ Kilgore, Ed (November 9, 2018). "A Different Kind of Democratic Party Is Rising in the South". New York Magazine. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  35. ^ "BARKLEY, Alben William, (1877–1956)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  36. ^ "Georgia Governor Jimmy Earl Carter Jr". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  37. ^ "Arkansas Governor William Jefferson Clinton". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  38. ^ "William J. Clinton". whitehouse.gov. The White House. October 9, 2011.
  39. ^ "GORE, Albert Arnold, Jr., (1948 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  40. ^ "Albert A. Gore, Jr., 45th Vice President (1993–2001)". senate.gov. U.S. Senate. October 9, 2011.
  41. ^ "JOHNSON, Lyndon Baines, (1908–1973)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  42. ^ "Andy Beshear", Wikipedia, August 17, 2023, retrieved August 17, 2023
  43. ^ "North Carolina Governor Results: Roy Cooper Wins". The New York Times. August 2017.
  44. ^ "Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards". nga.org. National Governors Association. September 10, 2016.
  45. ^ EVERETT, BURGESS (July 27, 2016). "Is Tim Kaine liberal enough?". Politico.
  46. ^ "Virginia Governor Tim Kaine". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  47. ^ Errin Haines (December 6, 2012). "Va. Sen.-elect Tim Kaine reaches out, across aisle to fellow freshman Ted Cruz of Texas". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  48. ^ "West Virginia Governor Joe Manchin III". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  49. ^ "MANCHIN, Joe, III, (1947 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. U.S. Congress. October 9, 2011.
  50. ^ "Roster of Past Chairmen". southerngovernors.org. Southern Governors' Association. October 9, 2011.
  51. ^ Alex Rogers (January 5, 2021). "Raphael Warnock wins Georgia runoff, CNN projects, as control of US Senate down to Perdue-Ossoff race". CNN. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  52. ^ Alex Rogers (January 6, 2021). "Democrats to take Senate as Ossoff wins runoff, CNN projects". CNN. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  53. ^ "DAVIS, Jefferson, (1808–1889)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  54. ^ "Ross Barnett, Segregationist, Dies; Governor of Mississippi in 1960s". The New York Times. November 7, 1987". The New York Times. November 7, 1987.
  55. ^ "South Carolina Governor James Francis Byrnes". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 8, 2011.
  56. ^ "BYRNES, James Francis, (1882–1972)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  57. ^ "Kentucky Governor Albert Benjamin Chandler". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  58. ^ "CHANDLER, Albert Benjamin (Happy), (1898–1991)". bioguide.congress.gov. U.S. Congress. October 9, 2011.
  59. ^ "Florida Governor Lawton Chiles". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  60. ^ "CHILES, Lawton Mainor, Jr., (1930–1998)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  61. ^ "EASTLAND, James Oliver, (1904–1986)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  62. ^ "FULBRIGHT, James William, (1905–1995)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  63. ^ "Carl M. Marcy". senate.gov. U.S. Senate. October 9, 2011.
  64. ^ "HEFLIN, Howell Thomas, (1921–2005)". bioguide.congress.gov. U.S. Congress. October 9, 2011.
  65. ^ "HOLLAND, Spessard Lindsey, (1892–1971)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  66. ^ "Florida Governor Spessard Lindsey Holland". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 8, 2011.
  67. ^ "South Carolina Governor Olin De Witt Talmadge Johnston". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 8, 2011.
  68. ^ "JOHNSTON, Olin DeWitt Talmadge, (1896–1965)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  69. ^ "KEFAUVER, Carey Estes, (1903–1963)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  70. ^ "Louisiana Governor Earl Kemp Long". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 7, 2011.
  71. ^ "Louisiana Governor Huey Pierce Long". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 7, 2011.
  72. ^ "LONG, Huey Pierce, (1893–1935)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  73. ^ "McCLELLAN, John Little, (1896–1977)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  74. ^ "McDONALD, Lawrence Patton, (1935–1983)". bioguide.congress.gov. U.S. Congress. October 9, 2011.
  75. ^ "RAYBURN, Samuel Taliaferro, (1882–1961)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  76. ^ . house.gov. U.S. House of Representatives. October 9, 2011. Archived from the original on June 2, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
  77. ^ "SANFORD, (James) Terry, (1917–1998)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  78. ^ "North Carolina Governor James Terry Sanford". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  79. ^ "STENNIS, John Cornelius, (1901–1995)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  80. ^ Simkins, Francis (1944). Pitchfork Ben Tillman, South Carolinian. Louisiana State University Press.
  81. ^ "Alabama Governor George Corley Wallace". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  82. ^ "YARBOROUGH, Ralph Webster, (1903–1996)". bioguide.congress.gov. U.S. Congress. October 9, 2011.
  83. ^ "Florida Governor Reubin O'Donovan Askew". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 8, 2011.
  84. ^ "BENTSEN, Lloyd Millard, Jr., (1921–2006)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  85. ^ "Louisiana Governor Kathleen Babineaux Blanco". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 8, 2011.
  86. ^ "BUMPERS, Dale, (1925 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  87. ^ "Arkansas Governor Dale Bumpers". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  88. ^ "A Senator's Shame". washingtonpost.com.
  89. ^ "BYRD, Robert Carlyle, (1917–2010)". bioguide.congress.gov. U.S. Congress. October 9, 2011.
  90. ^ "1976 Presidential Campaign". 4president.org. 4President Corporation. October 9, 2011.
  91. ^ "EDWARDS, Edwin Washington, (1927 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  92. ^ "Louisiana Governor Edwin Washington Edwards". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  93. ^ "Kentucky Governor Wendell Hampton Ford". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  94. ^ "FORD, Wendell Hampton, (1924 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. U.S. Congress. October 9, 2011.
  95. ^ "HAGAN, Kay, (1953 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  96. ^ "South Carolina Governor Ernest Frederick Hollings". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 8, 2011.
  97. ^ "HOLLINGS, Ernest Frederick, (1922 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  98. ^ "LEWIS, John R., (1940–2020)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. February 2, 2023.
  99. ^ "Georgia Governor Lester Garfield Maddox". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  100. ^ "MILLER, Zell Bryan, (1932 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  101. ^ "Georgia Governor Zell Miller". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  102. ^ "THURMOND, James Strom, (1902–2003)". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  103. ^ "South Carolina Governor James Strom Thurmond". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  104. ^ "Meet the Dixiecrats". pbs.org. PBS. October 9, 2011.
  105. ^ "Georgia Governor Roy E. Barnes". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 8, 2011.
  106. ^ "Barrow, John, (1955 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  107. ^ "Arkansas Governor Mike Beebe". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  108. ^ "Kentucky Governor Steven L. Beshear". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  109. ^ "BREAUX, John Berlinger, (1944 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  110. ^ "Tennessee Governor Phil Bredesen". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 8, 2011.
  111. ^ "CHANDLER, A. B. (Ben), (1959 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. U.S. Congress. October 9, 2011.
  112. ^ "CHILDERS, Travis W., (1958 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  113. ^ "CLELAND, Joseph Maxwell (Max), (1942 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  114. ^ "Kentucky Governor Martha Layne Collins". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  115. ^ "EDWARDS, John, (1953 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  116. ^ "John Edwards (D-N.C.)". boston.com. Boston Globe. October 8, 2011.
  117. ^ "Florida Governor Daniel Robert Graham". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 8, 2011.
  118. ^ "GRAHAM, Daniel Robert (Bob), (1936 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  119. ^ "South Carolina Governor Jim Hodges". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 8, 2011.
  120. ^ "JOHNSTON, John Bennett, Jr., (1932 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  121. ^ "Who is Alabama Senate victor Doug Jones?". BBC News. December 13, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  122. ^ "LANDRIEU, Mary L., (1955 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  123. ^ "LINCOLN, Blanche Lambert, (1960 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  124. ^ "MD-Martin O'Malley". Southern Governors Association.
  125. ^ "NELSON, Clarence William (Bill), (1942 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. U.S. Congress. October 9, 2011.
  126. ^ "Sources: Ed Gillespie Has Called Ralph Northam to Concede". NBC News. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  127. ^ "NUNN, Samuel Augustus, (1938 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 9, 2011.
  128. ^ "Kentucky Governor Paul E. Patton". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  129. ^ "Georgia Governor Sonny Perdue". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  130. ^ "Georgia goes Republican The rain fell". Economist. November 7, 2002. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
  131. ^ "PRYOR, David Hampton, (1934 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  132. ^ "Arkansas Governor David Hampton Pryor". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 8, 2011.
  133. ^ "PRYOR, Mark, (1963 – )". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. October 8, 2011.
  134. ^ "Virginia Governor L. Douglas Wilder". nga.org. National Governors Association. October 9, 2011.
  135. ^ Earl Black, and Merle Black, "The Wallace vote in Alabama: A multiple regression analysis." Journal of Politics 35.3 (1973): 730–736.
  136. ^ The ticket won 11 states; its best result was in Texas where it received 75.5%.
  137. ^ Electors not pledged to any candidate were on the ballot in South Carolina and Texas, where they received 7.5% and 11.8%, respectively.
  138. ^ Running as the nominees of the States' Rights Democratic Party, the ticket won 4 states, and received one additional vote from a Tennessee faithless elector pledged to Harry S. Truman. Its best result was in South Carolina, where it received 87.2% of the vote. In Alabama and Mississippi, Thurmond was listed as the Democratic nominee; Truman was the "National Democratic" candidate in Mississippi and was not on the ballot in Alabama.
  139. ^ Electors not pledged to any candidate were on the ballot in several states.
  140. ^ Running as the nominees of the States' Rights Party and Constitution Party, the ticket's best result was in Virginia, where it received 6.2% of the vote.
  141. ^ Jones and Talmadge received one electoral vote from an Alabama faithless elector pledged to Adlai Stevenson.
  142. ^ Electors not pledged to any candidate were on the ballot in several states. In Mississippi, the slate of unpledged electors won the state. In Alabama, eleven Democratic electors were chosen, six unpledged and five for nominee John F. Kennedy. The Mississippi and Alabama unpledged electors voted for Harry F. Byrd for President and Strom Thurmond for Vice President; in addition, one faithless elector from Oklahoma pledged to Richard Nixon voted for Byrd for President, but for Barry Goldwater for Vice President.
  143. ^ Running as the nominees of the National States' Rights Party, the ticket's best result was in Arkansas, where it received 6.8% of the vote.
  144. ^ Electors not pledged to any candidate were on the ballot in Alabama, where they replaced national nominee Lyndon B. Johnson and received 30.6% of the vote.

Further reading edit

  • Barone, Michael, and others. The Almanac of American Politics 1976: The Senators, the Representatives and the Governors: Their Records and Election Results, Their States and Districts (1975–2017); new edition every 2 years; detailed political profile of every governor and member of Congress, as well as state and district politics
  • Bateman, David, Ira Katznelson and John S. Lapinski. (2020). Southern Nation: Congress and white supremacy after reconstruction. Princeton University Press.
  • Black, Earl and Merle Black. Politics and Society in the South (1989)
  • Bullock III, Charles S. and Mark J. Rozell, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Southern Politics (2012)
  • Bullock, Charles S.; MacManus, Susan A.; Mayer, Jeremy D.; Rozell, Mark J. (2019). The South and the Transformation of U.S. Politics. Oxford University Press.
  • Glaser, James M. The Hand of the Past in Contemporary Southern Politics (2013)
  • Key, V. O. Southern Politics in State and Nation (1951), famous classic
  • Kuziemko, Ilyana, and Ebonya Washington. "Why did the Democrats lose the south? Bringing new data to an old debate" ( No. w21703. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2015.) online
  • Rae, Nicol C. Southern Democrats (Oxford University Press, 1994)
  • Richter, William L. Historical Dictionary of the Old South (2005)
  • Shafer, Byron E. The End of Southern Exceptionalism: Class, Race, and Partisan Change in the Postwar South (2006) excerpt and text search
  • Twyman, Robert W. and David C. Roller, eds. Encyclopedia of Southern History LSU Press (1979).
  • Woodard, J. David. The New Southern Politics (2006)

southern, democrats, this, article, about, members, democratic, party, from, historical, south, segregationist, third, party, active, 1948, dixiecrat, affiliates, democratic, party, reside, southern, united, states, before, american, civil, were, mostly, white. This article is about members of the Democratic Party from the historical South For the segregationist third party active in 1948 see Dixiecrat Southern Democrats are affiliates of the U S Democratic Party who reside in the Southern United States 1 Before the American Civil War Southern Democrats were mostly White men living in the South who believed in Jacksonian democracy In the 19th century they defended slavery in the United States and promoted its expansion into the Western United States against the Free Soil opposition in the Northern United States The United States presidential election of 1860 formalized the split in the Democratic Party and brought about the American Civil War Stephen Douglas was the candidate for the Northern Democratic Party and John C Breckinridge represented the Southern Democratic Party Abraham Lincoln who opposed slavery was the Republican Party candidate 2 After Reconstruction ended in the late 1870s so called redeemers controlled all the Southern states and disenfranchised Blacks The Solid South gave nearly all its electoral votes to the Democrats in presidential elections Republicans seldom were elected to office outside some Appalachian mountain districts and a few heavily German American counties of Texas After American women gained the de jure right to vote after the 19th amendment in 1920 the Solid South began to show some cracks during the Roaring Twenties but the monopoly that the Democratic Party held over most of the South only first showed major signs of breaking apart in 1948 many White Southern Democrats upset by the policies of desegregation enacted during the administration of Democratic President Harry Truman created the States Rights Democratic Party This new party commonly referred to as the Dixiecrats nominated South Carolina Governor Strom Thurmond for president The Dixiecrats won most of the deep South where in Alabama Truman was not even on the ballot The new party collapsed after Truman still won the election and Thurmond became a Republican in the 1960s President Lyndon B Johnson although a southern Democrat himself signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 The evening after signing the Civil Rights Act Johnson told aide Bill Moyers I think we may have lost the south for your lifetime and mine anticipating a coming backlash from Southern Whites against Johnson s Democratic Party 3 As Johnson anticipated this led to heavy opposition from Southern Democrats However the Democratic Party had a supermajority in the Senate with 46 of their members joining the Republican Party by voting for while 21 all conservative southern Democrats voted against 4 5 Subsequent to the passage of civil rights legislation many White southerners switched to the Republican Party at the national level Many scholars have said that Southern Whites shifted to the Republican Party due to racial backlash and social conservatism 6 7 8 Many continued to vote for Democrats at the state and local levels especially before the Republican Revolution of 1994 9 By the 21st century and especially after the 2010 midterm elections the GOP gained a solid advantage over the Democratic Party in most Southern states 10 In 2016 Republican candidate Donald Trump won a majority of the vote in Elliott County Kentucky the first time that it had ever voted for a Republican presidential candidate since its establishment in 1869 In 2020 Democrat Joe Biden narrowly won Georgia the first time since 1992 that Georgia voted for a Democratic presidential candidate though Republicans maintained their state government trifecta including in the 2022 midterms Noted modern day Southern Democrats include Kentucky governor Andy Beshear North Carolina governor Roy Cooper Virginia s U S Senators Mark Warner and Tim Kaine Georgia s U S Senators Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff and West Virginia s U S Senator Joe Manchin Southern Democrats of the 21st century tend to be more progressive than their predecessors 11 Contents 1 History 1 1 1828 1861 1 2 1861 1933 1 3 1933 1981 1 4 1981 2008 1 5 2009 present 2 Election results 3 Noted Southern Democrats 3 1 Southern Democrat U S Presidents and Vice Presidents 3 2 Incumbent Southern Democrat Elected Officeholders 3 3 19th Century Southern Democrats 3 4 20th Century Southern Democrats 3 5 21st Century Southern Democrats Deceased 3 6 21st Century Southern Democrats Living 4 Southern Democratic presidential tickets 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 Further readingHistory edit1828 1861 edit Main article History of the United States Democratic Party The title of Democrat has its beginnings in the South going back to the founding of the Democratic Republican Party in 1793 by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison It held to small government principles and distrusted the national government Foreign policy was a major issue After being the dominant party in U S politics from 1801 to 1829 the Democratic Republicans split into two factions by 1828 the federalist National Republicans and the Democrats The Democrats and Whigs were evenly balanced in the 1830s and 1840s However by the 1850s the Whigs disintegrated Other opposition parties emerged but the Democrats were dominant Northern Democrats were in serious opposition to Southern Democrats on the issue of slavery Northern Democrats led by Stephen Douglas believed in Popular Sovereignty letting the people of the territories vote on slavery The Southern Democrats reflecting the views of the late John C Calhoun insisted slavery was national The Democrats controlled the national government from 1853 until 1861 and presidents Pierce and Buchanan were friendly to Southern interests In the North the newly formed anti slavery Republican Party came to power and dominated the electoral college In the 1860 presidential election the Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln but the divide among Democrats led to the nomination of two candidates John C Breckinridge of Kentucky represented Southern Democrats and Stephen A Douglas of Illinois represented Northern Democrats Nevertheless the Republicans had a majority of the electoral vote regardless of how the opposition split or joined and Abraham Lincoln was elected 1861 1933 edit After the election of Abraham Lincoln Southern Democrats led the charge to secede from the Union and establish the Confederate States The United States Congress was dominated by Republicans save for Andrew Johnson of Tennessee the only senator from a state in rebellion to reject secession The Border States of Kentucky Maryland and Missouri were torn by political turmoil Kentucky and Missouri were both governed by pro secessionist Southern Democratic Governors who vehemently rejected Lincoln s call for 75 000 troops Kentucky and Missouri both held secession conventions but neither officially declared secession Southern Democrats in Maryland faced a Unionist Governor Thomas Holliday Hicks and the Union Army Armed with the suspension of habeas corpus and Union troops Governor Hicks was able to stop Maryland s secession movement Maryland was the only state south of the Mason Dixon line whose governor affirmed Lincoln s call for 75 000 troops After secession the Democratic vote in the North split between the War Democrats and the Peace Democrats or Copperheads The War Democrats voted for Lincoln in the 1864 election and Lincoln had a War Democrat Andrew Johnson on his ticket In the South during Reconstruction the White Republican element called Scalawags became smaller and smaller as more and more joined the Democrats In the North most War Democrats returned to the Democrats and when the Panic of 1873 hit the GOP was blamed and the Democrats gained control of the House of Representatives in 1875 The Democrats emphasized that since Jefferson and Jackson they had been the party of states rights which added to their appeal in the White South At the beginning of the 20th century the Democrats led by the dominant Southern wing had a strong representation in Congress They won both houses in 1912 and elected Woodrow Wilson a New Jersey academic with deep Southern roots and a strong base among the Southern middle class The GOP regained Congress in 1919 Southern Democrats held powerful positions in Congress during the Wilson Administration with one study noting Though comprising only about half of the Democratic senators and slightly over two fifths of the Democratic representatives the southerners made up a large majority of the party s senior members in the two houses They exerted great weight in the two Democratic caucuses and headed almost all of the important congressional committees 12 From 1896 to 1912 and 1921 to 1931 the Democrats were relegated to second place status in national politics and didn t control a single branch of the federal government despite universal dominance in most of the Solid South In 1928 several Southern states dallied with voting Republican in supporting Herbert Hoover over the Roman Catholic Al Smith but the behavior was short lived as the Stock Market Crash of 1929 returned Republicans to disfavor throughout the South Nationally Republicans lost Congress in January 1931 and the White House in March 1933 by huge margins By this time too the Democratic Party leadership began to change its tone somewhat on racial politics With the Great Depression gripping the nation and with the lives of most Americans disrupted the assisting of African Americans in American society was seen as necessary by the new government 1933 1981 edit During the 1930s as the New Deal began to move Democrats as a whole to the left in economic policy Southern Democrats were mostly supportive although by the late 1930s there was a growing conservative faction Both factions supported Roosevelt s foreign policies By 1948 the protection of segregation led Democrats in the Deep South to reject Truman and run a third party ticket of Dixiecrats in the 1948 election After 1964 Southern Democrats lost major battles during the Civil Rights Movement Federal laws ended segregation and restrictions on black voters During the Civil Rights Movement Democrats in the South initially still voted loyally with their party After the signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 the old argument that all Whites had to stick together to prevent civil rights legislation lost its force because the legislation had now been passed More and more Whites began to vote Republican especially in the suburbs and growing cities Newcomers from the North were mostly Republican they were now joined by conservatives and wealthy Southern Whites while liberal Whites and poor Whites especially in rural areas remained with the Democratic Party 13 The New Deal program of Franklin Delano Roosevelt FDR generally united the party factions for over three decades since Southerners like Northern urban populations were hit particularly hard and generally benefited from the massive governmental relief program FDR was adept at holding White Southerners in the coalition 14 while simultaneously beginning the erosion of Black voters away from their then characteristic Republican preferences The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s catalyzed the end of this Democratic Party coalition of interests by magnetizing Black voters to the Democratic label and simultaneously ending White supremacist control of the Democratic Party apparatus 15 A series of court decisions rendering primary elections as public instead of private events administered by the parties essentially freed the Southern region to change more toward the two party behavior of most of the rest of the nation In the presidential elections of 1952 and 1956 Republican nominee Dwight D Eisenhower a popular World War II general won several Southern states thus breaking some White Southerners away from their Democratic Party pattern The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a significant event in converting the Deep South to the Republican Party in that year most Senatorial Republicans supported the Act most of the opposition came from Southern Democrats From the end of the Civil War to 1961 Democrats had solid control over the southern states on the national level hence the term Solid South to describe the states Democratic preference After the passage of this Act however their willingness to support Republicans on a national level increased demonstrably In 1964 Republican presidential nominee Goldwater who had voted against the Civil Rights Act 16 won many of the Solid South states over Democratic presidential nominee Lyndon B Johnson himself a Texan and with many this Republican support continued and seeped down the ballot to congressional state and ultimately local levels A further significant item of legislation was the Voting Rights Act of 1965 which targeted for preclearance by the U S Department of Justice any election law change in areas where African American voting participation was lower than the norm most but not all of these areas were in the South the effect of the Voting Rights Act on southern elections was profound including the by product that some White Southerners perceived it as meddling while Black voters universally appreciated it Nixon aid Kevin Phillips told the New York Times in 1970 that Negrophobe Whites would quit the Democrats if Republicans enforced the Voting Rights Act and blacks registered as Democrats 17 The trend toward acceptance of Republican identification among Southern White voters was bolstered in the next two elections by Richard Nixon Denouncing the forced busing policy that was used to enforce school desegregation 18 Richard Nixon courted populist conservative Southern Whites with what is called the Southern Strategy though his speechwriter Jeffrey Hart claimed that his campaign rhetoric was actually a Border State Strategy and accused the press of being very lazy when they called it a Southern Strategy 19 In the 1971 Swann v Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education ruling the power of the federal government to enforce forced busing was strengthened when the Supreme Court ruled that the federal courts had the discretion to include busing as a desegregation tool to achieve racial balance Some southern Democrats became Republicans at the national level while remaining with their old party in state and local politics throughout the 1970s and 1980s Several prominent conservative Democrats switched parties to become Republicans including Strom Thurmond John Connally and Mills E Godwin Jr 20 In the 1974 Milliken v Bradley decision however the ability to use forced busing as a political tactic was greatly diminished when the U S Supreme Court placed an important limitation on Swann and ruled that students could only be bused across district lines if evidence of de jure segregation across multiple school districts existed In 1976 former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter won every Southern state except Oklahoma and Virginia in his successful presidential campaign as a Democrat In 1980 Republican presidential nominee Ronald Reagan won every southern state except for Georgia although Alabama Mississippi South Carolina Arkansas North Carolina and Tennessee were all decided by less than 3 b 1981 2008 edit In 1980 Republican presidential nominee Ronald Reagan announced that he supported states rights 21 Lee Atwater who served as Reagan s chief strategist in the Southern states claimed that by 1968 a vast majority of southern Whites had learned to accept that racial slurs like nigger were offensive and that mentioning states rights and reasons for its justification along with fiscal conservatism and opposition to social programs understood by many White southerners to disproportionally benefit Black Americans had now become the best way to appeal to southern White voters 22 Following Reagan s success at the national level the Republican Party moved sharply to the New Right with the shrinkage of the Eastern Establishment Rockefeller Republican element that had emphasized their support for civil rights 23 Economic and cultural conservatism especially regarding abortion and LGBT rights became more important in the South with its large religious right element such as Southern Baptists in the Bible Belt 24 The South gradually became fertile ground for the Republican Party Following the Voting Rights Act of 1965 the large Black vote in the South held steady but overwhelmingly favored the Democratic Party Even as the Democratic party came to increasingly depend on the support of African American voters in the South well established White Democratic incumbents still held sway in most Southern states for decades Starting in 1964 although the Southern states split their support between parties in most presidential elections conservative Democrats controlled nearly every Southern state legislature until the mid 1990s On the eve of the Republican Revolution in 1994 Democrats still held a 2 1 advantage over the Republicans in southern congressional seats Only in 2011 did the Republicans capture a majority of Southern state legislatures and have continued to hold power over Southern politics for the most part since Many of the Representatives Senators and voters who were referred to as Reagan Democrats in the 1980s were conservative Southern Democrats But there were or are notable remnants of the Solid South in the 21st century One example was Arkansas whose state legislature continued to be majority Democrat having however given its electoral votes to the Republicans in the past three presidential elections except in 1992 and 1996 when favorite son Bill Clinton was the candidate and won each time until 2012 when Arkansas voters selected a 21 14 Republican majority in the Arkansas Senate Another example was North Carolina Although the state has voted for Republicans in every presidential election since 1980 except for 2008 the State legislature was in Democratic control until 2010 The North Carolina congressional delegation was heavily Democratic until January 2013 when the Republicans could after the 2010 United States census adopt a redistricting plan of their choosing The incumbent governor is Democrat Roy Cooper while both of North Carolina s U S Senators are Republicans Virginia continues to be an example with both major parties competitive in the State in the 21st century Dr Ralph Northam a Democrat and the governor of Virginia 2018 22 admitted that he voted for George W Bush in the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections 25 Despite this admission Northam a former state Senator who has served as Lieutenant Governor of Virginia from 2014 to 2018 easily defeated the more progressive and cosmopolitan candidate former Representative Tom Perriello by 55 9 percent to 44 1 percent to win the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 2017 26 Both of Virginia s U S Senators are Democrats while the incumbent governor Glenn Youngkin is a Republican In 1992 Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton was elected president Unlike Carter however Clinton was only able to win the southern states of Arkansas Louisiana Kentucky Tennessee and Georgia While running for president Clinton promised to end welfare as we have come to know it while in office 27 In 1996 Clinton would fulfill his campaign promise and the longtime Republican goal of major welfare reform came into fruition After two welfare reform bills sponsored by the Republican controlled Congress were successfully vetoed by the President 28 a compromise was eventually reached and the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act was signed into law on August 22 1996 27 During the Clinton administration the southern strategy shifted towards the so called culture war which saw major political battles between the Religious Right and the secular Left Chapman notes a split vote among many conservative Southern Democrats in the 1970s and 1980s who supported local and statewide conservative Democrats while simultaneously voting for Republican presidential candidates 29 This tendency of many Southern Whites to vote for the Republican presidential candidate but Democrats from other offices lasted until the 2010 midterm elections In the November 2008 elections Democrats won 3 out of 4 U S House seats from Mississippi 3 out of 4 in Arkansas 5 out of 9 in Tennessee and achieved near parity in the Georgia and Alabama delegations Republicans first dominated presidential elections in the South then won a majority of Southern gubernatorial and congressional elections after the 1994 Republican Revolution and finally came to control a majority of Southern state legislatures by the 2010s As of the 2020s Southern Democrats who consistently vote for the Democratic ticket are mostly urban liberals or African Americans while most White Southerners of both genders tend to vote for the Republican ticket although there are sizable numbers of swing voters who sometimes split their tickets or cross party lines 30 31 2009 present edit In 2009 Southern Democrats controlled both branches of the Alabama General Assembly the Arkansas General Assembly the Delaware General Assembly the Louisiana State Legislature the Maryland General Assembly the Mississippi Legislature the North Carolina General Assembly and the West Virginia Legislature along with the Council of the District of Columbia the Kentucky House of Representatives and the Virginia Senate 32 Democrats lost control of the North Carolina and Alabama legislatures in 2010 the Louisiana and Mississippi legislatures in 2011 and the Arkansas legislature in 2012 Additionally in 2014 Democrats lost four U S Senate seats in the South in West Virginia North Carolina Arkansas and Louisiana that they had previously held By 2017 Southern Democrats only controlled both branches of the Delaware General Assembly and the Maryland General Assembly along with the Council of the District of Columbia they had lost control of both houses of the state legislatures in Alabama Arkansas Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina and West Virginia 33 Nearly all White Democratic representatives in the South lost reelection in the 2010 midterm elections That year Democrats won only one U S House seat each in Alabama Mississippi Louisiana South Carolina and Arkansas and two out of nine House seats in Tennessee and they lost their one Arkansas seat in 2012 Following the November 2010 elections John Barrow of Georgia was left as the only White Democratic U S House member in the Deep South and he lost reelection in 2014 There would no more White Democrats from the Deep South until Joe Cunningham was elected from a South Carolina U S House district in 2018 and he lost re election in 2020 However even since January 2013 Democrats have not been completely shut out of power in the South Democrat John Bel Edwards was elected governor of Louisiana in 2015 and won re election in 2019 running as an anti abortion pro gun conservative Democrat In a 2017 special election moderate Democrat Doug Jones was elected a U S Senator from Alabama though he lost re election in 2020 Democrat Roy Cooper was elected governor of North Carolina in 2016 and won re election in 2020 Southern Democrats saw some additional successes in 2019 as Andy Beshear was elected governor of Kentucky and won re election in 2023 Since 2017 most U S House or state legislative seats held by Democrats in the South are majority minority or urban districts Due to growing urbanization and changing demographics in many Southern states more liberal Democrats have found success in the South In the 2018 elections Democrats nearly succeeded in taking governor s seats in Georgia and Florida and gained 12 national House seats in the South 34 the trend continued in the 2019 elections where Democrats took both houses of the Virginia General Assembly and in 2020 where Joe Biden narrowly won Georgia with Republicans winning down ballot along with Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff narrowly winning both U S Senate seats in that state just two months later However Democrats would lose the governor races in Florida and Georgia in 2022 by wider margins than in 2018 though Senator Warnock won re election in Georgia Election results editWon by Biden Harris2020 United States presidential election results States Commonwealth Federal district United States presidential election Electoralcollege Democratic ChangeAlabama United States presidential election in Alabama 9 849 624 36 57 nbsp 0Arkansas United States presidential election in Arkansas 6 423 932 34 78 nbsp 0Delaware United States presidential election in Delaware 3 296 268 58 74 nbsp 0District of Columbia United States presidential election in the District of Columbia 3 317 323 92 15 nbsp 0Florida United States presidential election in Florida 29 5 297 045 47 86 nbsp 0Georgia United States presidential election in Georgia 16 2 473 633 49 47 nbsp 1Kentucky United States presidential election in Kentucky 8 772 474 36 15 nbsp 0Louisiana United States presidential election in Louisiana 8 856 034 39 85 nbsp 0Maryland United States presidential election in Maryland 10 1 985 023 65 36 nbsp 0Mississippi United States presidential election in Mississippi 6 539 398 41 06 nbsp 0North Carolina United States presidential election in North Carolina 15 2 684 292 48 59 nbsp 0Oklahoma United States presidential election in Oklahoma 7 503 890 32 29 nbsp 0South Carolina United States presidential election in South Carolina 9 1 091 541 43 43 nbsp 0Tennessee United States presidential election in Tennessee 11 1 143 711 37 45 nbsp 0Texas United States presidential election in Texas 38 5 259 126 46 48 nbsp 0Virginia United States presidential election in Virginia 13 2 413 568 54 11 nbsp 0West Virginia United States presidential election in West Virginia 5 235 984 29 69 nbsp 02020 United States federal elections results States Commonwealth Federal district United States Congress Totalseats DemocraticSeats ChangeAlabama United States House of Representatives in Alabama 7 1 nbsp 0United States Senate in Alabama 1 0 nbsp 1Arkansas United States House of Representatives in Arkansas 4 0 nbsp 0United States Senate in Arkansas 1 0 nbsp 0Delaware United States House of Representatives in Delaware 1 1 nbsp 0United States Senate in Delaware 1 1 nbsp 0District of Columbia United States House Delegate for the District of Columbia 1 1 nbsp 0Florida United States House of Representatives in Florida 27 11 nbsp 2Georgia United States House of Representatives in Georgia 14 6 nbsp 1United States Senate in Georgia 2 2 nbsp 2Kentucky United States House of Representatives in Kentucky 6 1 nbsp 0United States Senate in Kentucky 1 0 nbsp 0Louisiana United States House of Representatives in Louisiana 6 1 nbsp 0United States Senate in Louisiana 1 0 nbsp 0Maryland United States House of Representatives in Maryland 8 7 nbsp 0Mississippi United States House of Representatives in Mississippi 4 1 nbsp 0United States Senate in Mississippi 1 0 nbsp 0North Carolina United States House of Representatives in North Carolina 13 5 nbsp 2United States Senate in North Carolina 1 0 nbsp 0Oklahoma United States House of Representatives in Oklahoma 5 0 nbsp 1United States Senate in Oklahoma 1 0 nbsp 0South Carolina United States House of Representatives in South Carolina 7 1 nbsp 1United States Senate in South Carolina 1 0 nbsp 0Tennessee United States House of Representatives in Tennessee 9 2 nbsp 0United States Senate in Tennessee 1 0 nbsp 0Texas United States House of Representatives in Texas 36 13 nbsp 0United States Senate in Texas 1 0 nbsp 0Virginia United States House of Representatives in Virginia 11 7 nbsp 0United States Senate in Virginia 1 1 nbsp 0West Virginia United States House of Representatives in West Virginia 3 0 nbsp 0United States Senate in West Virginia 1 0 nbsp 02022 United States gubernatorial elections results States Commonwealth Federal district Governors Seat DemocraticChangeAlabama Governor of Alabama 0 nbsp 0Arkansas Governor of Arkansas 0 nbsp 0Florida Governor of Florida 0 nbsp 0Georgia Governor of Georgia 0 nbsp 0Maryland Governor of Maryland 1 nbsp 1Oklahoma Governor of Oklahoma 0 nbsp 0South Carolina Governor of South Carolina 0 nbsp 0Tennessee Governor of Tennessee 0 nbsp 0Texas Governor of Texas 0 nbsp 02018 a 2019 b 2020 and 2021 c United States state legislative election results States Commonwealth Federal district Legislatures Totalseats DemocraticSeats ChangeAlabama Alabama House of Representatives 105 28 nbsp 4Alabama Senate 37 8 nbsp 0Arkansas Arkansas House of Representatives 100 23 nbsp 1Arkansas Senate 18 7 nbsp 2Delaware Delaware House of Representatives 41 26 nbsp Delaware Senate 10 8 nbsp 2District of Columbia Council of the District of Columbia 13 11 nbsp 0Florida Florida House of Representatives 120 42 nbsp 4Florida Senate 20 9 nbsp 1Georgia Georgia House of Representatives 180 77 nbsp 2Georgia Senate 56 22 nbsp 1Kentucky Kentucky House of Representatives 100 25 nbsp 14Kentucky Senate 19 5 nbsp 2Louisiana Louisiana House of Representatives 105 35 nbsp 4Louisiana Senate 39 12 nbsp 2Maryland Maryland House of Delegates 141 99 nbsp 7Maryland Senate 47 32 nbsp 1Mississippi Mississippi House of Representatives 122 46 nbsp 2Mississippi State Senate 52 16 nbsp 3North Carolina North Carolina House of Representatives 120 51 nbsp 4North Carolina Senate 50 22 nbsp 1Oklahoma Oklahoma House of Representatives 101 19 nbsp 5Oklahoma Senate 24 2 nbsp 0South Carolina South Carolina House of Representatives 123 42 nbsp 1South Carolina Senate 46 16 nbsp 3Tennessee Tennessee House of Representatives 99 26 nbsp Tennessee Senate 16 2 nbsp 1Texas Texas House of Representatives 150 67 nbsp 0Texas Senate 16 8 nbsp 1Virginia Virginia House of Delegates 100 48 nbsp 5Virginia Senate 40 21 nbsp 2West Virginia West Virginia House of Delegates 100 24 nbsp 17West Virginia Senate 34 11 nbsp 32018 United States mayoral election results Cities Mayors Seat DemocraticChangeAustin Texas Mayor of Austin 1 nbsp 0Chesapeake Virginia Mayor of Chesapeake 0 nbsp 0Corpus Christi Texas Mayor of Corpus Christi 0 nbsp 0District of Columbia Mayor of the District of Columbia 1 nbsp 0Lexington Kentucky Mayor of Lexington 0 nbsp 1Louisville Kentucky Mayor of Louisville 1 nbsp 0Lubbock Texas Mayor of Lubbock 0 nbsp 0Nashville Tennessee Mayor of Nashville 1 nbsp 0Oklahoma City Oklahoma Mayor of Oklahoma City 0 nbsp 0Virginia Beach Virginia Mayor of Virginia Beach 0 nbsp 0Noted Southern Democrats editIndividuals are organized in sections by chronological century they died or are still alive order and then alphabetical order last name then first name within sections Current or former U S Presidents or Vice presidents have their own section that begins first but not former Confederate States Presidents or Vice presidents Also incumbent federal or state officeholders begin second This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources Southern Democrat U S Presidents and Vice Presidents edit Andrew Jackson 7th President of the United States U S Senator from Tennessee Alben Barkley Representative U S Senator from Kentucky and U S Vice President 35 John C Breckinridge 14th Vice President of the United States 5th Confederate States Secretary of War U S Senator from Kentucky John C Calhoun 7th Vice President of the United States U S Senator from South Carolina John Tyler 10th President of the United States 10th Vice President of the United States U S Senator from Virginia James K Polk 11th President of the United States 9th Governor of Tennessee Jimmy Carter Governor of Georgia and President of the United States 1977 1981 36 Bill Clinton Governor of Arkansas and President of the United States 1993 2001 37 38 Al Gore Representative and U S Senator from Tennessee Vice President of the United States 1993 2001 and 2000 Democratic nominee for President 39 40 Lyndon B Johnson U S Representative and senator from Texas Vice President of the United States 1961 1963 and President of the United States 1963 1969 41 Andrew Johnson 17th President of the United States 16th Vice President of the United States U S Senator from TennesseeIncumbent Southern Democrat Elected Officeholders edit Andy Beshear incumbent governor of Kentucky 42 Roy Cooper incumbent governor of North Carolina 43 John Bel Edwards incumbent governor of Louisiana 44 Tim Kaine Governor of Virginia Chairman of the DNC incumbent U S Senator from Virginia also the 2016 Democratic Vice Presidential nominee 45 46 47 Joseph Manchin III governor of West Virginia incumbent U S Senator from West Virginia and Southern Governors Association chairman 48 49 50 Raphael Warnock current U S Senator from Georgia 51 Jon Ossoff current U S Senator from Georgia 52 19th Century Southern Democrats edit Andrew Jackson 7th President of the United States U S Senator from Tennessee Andrew Johnson 17th President of the United States 16th Vice President of the United States U S Senator from Tennessee Alexander H Stephens Vice President of the Confederate States 50th Governor of Georgia James K Polk 11th President of the United States 9th Governor of Tennessee Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States 53 U S Senator from Mississippi John C Breckinridge 14th Vice President of the United States 5th Confederate States Secretary of War U S Senator from Kentucky John C Calhoun 7th Vice President of the United States U S Senator from South Carolina John Tyler 10th President of the United States 10th Vice President of the United States U S Senator from Virginia Judah P Benjamin 3rd Confederate States Secretary of State 2nd Confederate States Secretary of War 1st Confederate States Attorney General U S Senator from Louisiana20th Century Southern Democrats edit Ross Barnett governor of Mississippi 54 James F Byrnes U S Secretary of State Associate Justice of the U S Supreme Court Representative U S Senator Governor of South Carolina 55 56 A B Happy Chandler governor and senator from Kentucky 57 58 Lawton Chiles U S Senator from Florida and Governor of Florida 59 60 James O Eastland U S Senator from Mississippi 61 Sam Ervin U S Senator from North Carolina from 1954 to 1974 J William Fulbright Representative from Arkansas U S Senator from Arkansas and longest served chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee 62 63 Howell Heflin senator from Alabama 64 Spessard Holland U S Senator from Florida and Governor of Florida 65 66 Olin D Johnston U S Senator from South Carolina and Governor of South Carolina 67 68 Estes Kefauver Representative U S Senator from Tennessee and 1956 Democratic vice presidential nominee 69 Earl Long three term Louisiana governor 70 Huey P Long Louisiana governor and U S Senator 71 72 John McClellan Representative and U S Senator from Arkansas 73 Lawrence Patton McDonald Former Representative from Georgia 74 Sam Rayburn Congressman from Texas and longest served Speaker of the U S House of Representatives longest served in the House s history 75 76 Terry Sanford U S Senator and governor from North Carolina 77 78 John Stennis U S Senator from Mississippi 79 Benjamin Tillman governor and senator of South Carolina 80 George C Wallace governor of Alabama American Independent Party candidate for president in 1968 ran for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1972 and 1976 81 Ralph Yarborough U S Senator from Texas 82 21st Century Southern Democrats Deceased edit Reubin Askew Governor of Florida and 1984 U S presidential candidate 83 Lloyd Bentsen Representative and U S Senator from Texas Secretary of the Treasury and Democratic candidate for vice president in 1988 84 Kathleen Blanco Governor of Louisiana 85 Dale Bumpers U S Senator from Arkansas and Governor of Arkansas 86 87 Robert Byrd Representative U S Senator from West Virginia 88 presidential candidate 1976 89 90 Edwin Edwards Representative and Governor of Louisiana 91 92 Wendell Ford governor and senator from Kentucky 93 94 Kay Hagan U S Senator from North Carolina 95 Fritz Hollings U S Senator from South Carolina Governor of South Carolina 1984 U S presidential candidate 96 97 John Lewis U S Representative from Georgia and civil rights leader 98 Lester Maddox governor of Georgia 99 Zell B Miller U S Senator from Georgia and Georgia governor 100 101 J Strom Thurmond U S Senator from South Carolina and Governor of South Carolina Democrat until 1964 then Republican until death States Right candidate Dixiecrat for president in 1948 102 103 104 21st Century Southern Democrats Living edit Roy Barnes Governor of Georgia 105 John Barrow U S Representative from Georgia 106 Mike Beebe Governor of Arkansas 107 Steve Beshear Governor of Kentucky 108 John Breaux Representative and U S Senator from Louisiana 109 Phil Bredesen Governor of Tennessee 110 Ben Chandler Attorney General of Kentucky and Congressman from Kentucky 111 Travis Childers U S representative from Mississippi 112 Max Cleland U S Senator from Georgia 113 Martha Layne Collins Governor of Kentucky and chair of the 1984 Democratic National Convention 114 John R Edwards U S Senator from North Carolina 2004 Democratic vice presidential nominee Democratic presidential candidate in 2004 and 2008 115 116 D Robert Graham U S Senator from Florida and Governor of Florida 117 118 James Hovis Hodges Governor of South Carolina 119 J Bennett Johnston U S Senator from Louisiana 120 Doug Jones former U S Senator from Alabama 121 Mary Landrieu former U S Senator from Louisiana 122 Blanche Lincoln Representative and U S Senator from Arkansas 123 Martin O Malley Governor of Maryland 124 Bill Nelson Representative U S Senator from Florida 125 Ralph Northam Governor of Virginia 126 Sam Nunn U S Senator from Georgia 127 Paul Patton Governor of Kentucky 128 Bev Perdue 73rd Governor of North Carolina Sonny Perdue Governor of Georgia was once a Democrat now Republican 129 130 David Pryor Representative U S Senator from Arkansas and Governor of Arkansas 131 132 Mark Pryor U S Senator from Arkansas 133 Jim Webb U S Senator from Virginia and Secretary of the Navy 2016 Democratic presidential candidate once a Republican Douglas Wilder Virginia governor first African American ever elected governor in the U S tried to go for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1991 but eventually withdrew in 1992 134 Southern Democratic presidential tickets editAt various times registered Democrats from the South broke with the national party to nominate their own presidential and vice presidential candidates generally in opposition to civil rights measures supported by the national nominees There was at least one Southern Democratic effort in every presidential election from 1944 until 1968 besides 1952 On some occasions such as in 1948 with Strom Thurmond these candidates have been listed on the ballot in some states as the nominee of the Democratic Party George Wallace of Alabama was in presidential politics as a conservative Democrat except 1968 when he left the party and ran as an independent Running as the nominees of the American Independent Party the Wallace ticket won 5 states Its best result was in Alabama where it received 65 9 of the vote Wallace was the official Democratic nominee in Alabama and Hubert Humphrey was listed as the National Democratic candidate 135 Year Presidential nominee Home state Previous positions Vice presidential nominee Home state Previous positions Votes Notes1860 nbsp John C Breckinridge nbsp Kentucky Member of the U S House of Representatives from Kentucky s 8th congressional district 1851 1855 Vice President of the United States 1857 1861 nbsp Joseph Lane nbsp Oregon Governor of Oregon 1849 1850 1853 Member of the U S House of Representatives from Oregon Territory s at large congressional district 1851 1859 United States Senator from Oregon 1859 1861 848 019 18 1 72 EV 136 1944 Unpledged electors 143 238 0 3 0 EV 137 1948 nbsp Strom Thurmond nbsp South Carolina Member of the South Carolina Senate 1933 1938 Governor of South Carolina 1947 1951 nbsp Fielding L Wright nbsp Mississippi Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi 1944 1946 Governor of Mississippi 1946 1952 1 175 930 2 4 39 EV 138 1956 Unpledged electors 196 145 0 3 0 EV 139 nbsp T Coleman Andrews nbsp Virginia Commissioner of Internal Revenue 1953 1955 nbsp Thomas H Werdel nbsp California Member of the California State Assembly from the 39th district 1943 1947 Member of the U S House of Representatives from California s 10th congressional district 1949 1953 107 929 0 2 0 EV 140 Walter Burgwyn Jones nbsp Alabama JudgeMember of the Alabama House of Representatives 1919 1921 nbsp Herman Talmadge nbsp Georgia Governor of Georgia 1947 1948 1955 0 0 0 1 EV 141 1960 Unpledged electors 610 409 0 4 15 EV 142 nbsp Orval Faubus nbsp Arkansas Governor of Arkansas 1955 1967 nbsp John G Crommelin nbsp Alabama United States Navy Rear AdmiralCandidate for United States Senator from Alabama 1950 1954 1956 44 984 0 1 0 EV 143 1964 Unpledged electors 210 732 0 3 0 EV 144 See also editBlue Dog Democrats Boll weevil politics Bourbon Democrat Conservative Democrat Democrat in Name Only Democratic Party history Jeffersonian democracy Democratic Leadership Council Democratic Party Ku Klux Klan National Democratic Party New Democrats Rockefeller Republican Yellow dog Democrats Solid South Straight Out Democratic PartyNotes edit Alabama and Maryland held midterms in every 4 years Louisiana Mississippi and Virginia only Virginia House of Delegates only held off year every 2 years b South of the Mason Dixon line Carter won just 34 electoral votes his own Georgia plus Delaware Maryland and District of Columbia References edit Texas Politics Yellow Dogs and Blue Dogs Southern Democratic Party Ohio History Central Kaiser Charles January 23 2023 We may have lost the south what LBJ really said about Democrats in 1964 The Guardian Retrieved February 20 2023 PolitiFact Group of Southern Democrats not all Democrats held up 1964 Civil Rights Act Democrat GOP Vote Tally on 1964 Civil Rights Act Wall Street Journal December 31 2002 Carmines Edward Stimson James 1990 Issue Evolution Race and the Transformation of American Politics Princeton University Press ISBN 9780691023311 Archived from the original on May 16 2018 Retrieved June 9 2018 Valentino Nicholas A Sears David O 2005 Old Times There Are Not Forgotten Race and Partisan Realignment in the Contemporary South American Journal of Political Science 49 3 672 88 doi 10 1111 j 1540 5907 2005 00136 x ISSN 0092 5853 Ilyana Kuziemko Ebonya Washington 2018 Why Did the Democrats Lose the South Bringing New Data to an Old Debate American Economic Review 108 10 2830 2867 doi 10 1257 aer 20161413 ISSN 0002 8282 Elving Rom June 25 2015 Dixie s Long Journey From Democratic Stronghold To Republican Redoubt NPR The long goodbye The Economist Retrieved February 20 2023 The Return of the Southern Democrat U S News amp World Report October 5 2018 The South in Modern America A Region at Odds By Dewey W Grantham 2001 P 66 Byron E Shafer and Richard Johnston The End of Southern Exceptionalism Class Race and Partisan Change in the Postwar South 2009 pp 173 74 As in declining to invite African American Jesse Owens hero of the 1936 Olympics to the White House Until the 1960s the Democratic Party primaries were tantamount to election in most of the South and being restricted largely to caucasians were openly called White primaries Goldwater Barry M April 26 2017 https www nytimes com packages html books phillips southern pdf bare URL PDF Lawrence J McAndrews Summer 1998 The Politics of Principle Richard Nixon The Journal of Negro History 83 3 187 200 doi 10 2307 2649015 JSTOR 2649015 S2CID 141142915 Hart Jeffrey February 9 2006 The Making of the American Conservative Mind television Hanover New Hampshire C SPAN Joseph A Aistrup 2015 The Southern Strategy Revisited Republican Top Down Advancement in the South University Press of Kentucky p 135 ISBN 9780813147925 Greenberg David November 20 2007 Dog Whistling Dixie When Reagan said states rights he was talking about race Slate Archived from the original on January 12 2012 Branch Taylor 1999 Pillar of Fire America in the King Years 1963 65 New York Simon amp Schuster p 242 ISBN 978 0 684 80819 2 OCLC 37909869 Nicol C Rae The Decline and Fall of the Liberal Republicans From 1952 to the Present 1989 Nicole Mellow 2008 The State of Disunion Regional Sources of Modern American Partisanship Johns Hopkins UP p 110 ISBN 9780801896460 Grim Ryan February 28 2017 Democratic Candidate For Virginia Governor Says He Voted For George W Bush Twice HuffPost Times Dispatch GRAHAM MOOMAW AND PATRICK WILSON Richmond June 14 2017 Northam defeats Perriello for Democratic nomination for governor Gillespie edges Stewart in GOP contest a b Vobejda Barbara August 22 1996 Clinton Signs Welfare Bill Amid Division Washington Post Retrieved November 21 2013 Why blacks love Bill Clinton interview with DeWayne Wickham Salon com Suzy Hansen published February 22 2002 accessed October 21 2013 Roger Chapman Culture Wars An Encyclopedia 2010 vol 1 p 136 Junn Jane Masuoka Natalie 2020 The Gender Gap Is a Race Gap Women Voters in US Presidential Elections Perspectives on Politics 18 4 1135 1145 doi 10 1017 S1537592719003876 ISSN 1537 5927 Can the Republican Party Keep Trump Democrats National Review November 21 2016 2009 State and Legislative Partisan Composition PDF www ncsl org National Conference of State Legislatures January 26 2009 Archived from the original PDF on May 22 2022 Retrieved February 14 2021 2017 State amp Legislative Partisan Composition PDF www ncsl org National Conference of State Legislatures August 4 2017 Archived from the original PDF on January 2 2022 Retrieved February 14 2021 Kilgore Ed November 9 2018 A Different Kind of Democratic Party Is Rising in the South New York Magazine Retrieved November 9 2018 BARKLEY Alben William 1877 1956 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Georgia Governor Jimmy Earl Carter Jr nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 Arkansas Governor William Jefferson Clinton nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 William J Clinton whitehouse gov The White House October 9 2011 GORE Albert Arnold Jr 1948 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Albert A Gore Jr 45th Vice President 1993 2001 senate gov U S Senate October 9 2011 JOHNSON Lyndon Baines 1908 1973 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Andy Beshear Wikipedia August 17 2023 retrieved August 17 2023 North Carolina Governor Results Roy Cooper Wins The New York Times August 2017 Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards nga org National Governors Association September 10 2016 EVERETT BURGESS July 27 2016 Is Tim Kaine liberal enough Politico Virginia Governor Tim Kaine nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 Errin Haines December 6 2012 Va Sen elect Tim Kaine reaches out across aisle to fellow freshman Ted Cruz of Texas washingtonpost com Retrieved December 29 2012 West Virginia Governor Joe Manchin III nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 MANCHIN Joe III 1947 bioguide congress gov U S Congress October 9 2011 Roster of Past Chairmen southerngovernors org Southern Governors Association October 9 2011 Alex Rogers January 5 2021 Raphael Warnock wins Georgia runoff CNN projects as control of US Senate down to Perdue Ossoff race CNN Retrieved January 6 2021 Alex Rogers January 6 2021 Democrats to take Senate as Ossoff wins runoff CNN projects CNN Retrieved January 6 2021 DAVIS Jefferson 1808 1889 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Ross Barnett Segregationist Dies Governor of Mississippi in 1960s The New York Times November 7 1987 The New York Times November 7 1987 South Carolina Governor James Francis Byrnes nga org National Governors Association October 8 2011 BYRNES James Francis 1882 1972 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 Kentucky Governor Albert Benjamin Chandler nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 CHANDLER Albert Benjamin Happy 1898 1991 bioguide congress gov U S Congress October 9 2011 Florida Governor Lawton Chiles nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 CHILES Lawton Mainor Jr 1930 1998 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 EASTLAND James Oliver 1904 1986 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 FULBRIGHT James William 1905 1995 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Carl M Marcy senate gov U S Senate October 9 2011 HEFLIN Howell Thomas 1921 2005 bioguide congress gov U S Congress October 9 2011 HOLLAND Spessard Lindsey 1892 1971 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 Florida Governor Spessard Lindsey Holland nga org National Governors Association October 8 2011 South Carolina Governor Olin De Witt Talmadge Johnston nga org National Governors Association October 8 2011 JOHNSTON Olin DeWitt Talmadge 1896 1965 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 KEFAUVER Carey Estes 1903 1963 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Louisiana Governor Earl Kemp Long nga org National Governors Association October 7 2011 Louisiana Governor Huey Pierce Long nga org National Governors Association October 7 2011 LONG Huey Pierce 1893 1935 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 McCLELLAN John Little 1896 1977 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 McDONALD Lawrence Patton 1935 1983 bioguide congress gov U S Congress October 9 2011 RAYBURN Samuel Taliaferro 1882 1961 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn of Texas house gov U S House of Representatives October 9 2011 Archived from the original on June 2 2011 Retrieved October 9 2011 SANFORD James Terry 1917 1998 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 North Carolina Governor James Terry Sanford nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 STENNIS John Cornelius 1901 1995 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 Simkins Francis 1944 Pitchfork Ben Tillman South Carolinian Louisiana State University Press Alabama Governor George Corley Wallace nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 YARBOROUGH Ralph Webster 1903 1996 bioguide congress gov U S Congress October 9 2011 Florida Governor Reubin O Donovan Askew nga org National Governors Association October 8 2011 BENTSEN Lloyd Millard Jr 1921 2006 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 Louisiana Governor Kathleen Babineaux Blanco nga org National Governors Association October 8 2011 BUMPERS Dale 1925 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Arkansas Governor Dale Bumpers nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 A Senator s Shame washingtonpost com BYRD Robert Carlyle 1917 2010 bioguide congress gov U S Congress October 9 2011 1976 Presidential Campaign 4president org 4President Corporation October 9 2011 EDWARDS Edwin Washington 1927 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Louisiana Governor Edwin Washington Edwards nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 Kentucky Governor Wendell Hampton Ford nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 FORD Wendell Hampton 1924 bioguide congress gov U S Congress October 9 2011 HAGAN Kay 1953 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 South Carolina Governor Ernest Frederick Hollings nga org National Governors Association October 8 2011 HOLLINGS Ernest Frederick 1922 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 LEWIS John R 1940 2020 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress February 2 2023 Georgia Governor Lester Garfield Maddox nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 MILLER Zell Bryan 1932 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Georgia Governor Zell Miller nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 THURMOND James Strom 1902 2003 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 South Carolina Governor James Strom Thurmond nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 Meet the Dixiecrats pbs org PBS October 9 2011 Georgia Governor Roy E Barnes nga org National Governors Association October 8 2011 Barrow John 1955 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Arkansas Governor Mike Beebe nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 Kentucky Governor Steven L Beshear nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 BREAUX John Berlinger 1944 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Tennessee Governor Phil Bredesen nga org National Governors Association October 8 2011 CHANDLER A B Ben 1959 bioguide congress gov U S Congress October 9 2011 CHILDERS Travis W 1958 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 CLELAND Joseph Maxwell Max 1942 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Kentucky Governor Martha Layne Collins nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 EDWARDS John 1953 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 John Edwards D N C boston com Boston Globe October 8 2011 Florida Governor Daniel Robert Graham nga org National Governors Association October 8 2011 GRAHAM Daniel Robert Bob 1936 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 South Carolina Governor Jim Hodges nga org National Governors Association October 8 2011 JOHNSTON John Bennett Jr 1932 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Who is Alabama Senate victor Doug Jones BBC News December 13 2017 Retrieved December 14 2017 LANDRIEU Mary L 1955 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 LINCOLN Blanche Lambert 1960 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 MD Martin O Malley Southern Governors Association NELSON Clarence William Bill 1942 bioguide congress gov U S Congress October 9 2011 Sources Ed Gillespie Has Called Ralph Northam to Concede NBC News Retrieved December 14 2017 NUNN Samuel Augustus 1938 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 9 2011 Kentucky Governor Paul E Patton nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 Georgia Governor Sonny Perdue nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 Georgia goes Republican The rain fell Economist November 7 2002 Retrieved October 9 2011 PRYOR David Hampton 1934 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 Arkansas Governor David Hampton Pryor nga org National Governors Association October 8 2011 PRYOR Mark 1963 bioguide congress gov Biographical Directory of the United States Congress October 8 2011 Virginia Governor L Douglas Wilder nga org National Governors Association October 9 2011 Earl Black and Merle Black The Wallace vote in Alabama A multiple regression analysis Journal of Politics 35 3 1973 730 736 The ticket won 11 states its best result was in Texas where it received 75 5 Electors not pledged to any candidate were on the ballot in South Carolina and Texas where they received 7 5 and 11 8 respectively Running as the nominees of the States Rights Democratic Party the ticket won 4 states and received one additional vote from a Tennessee faithless elector pledged to Harry S Truman Its best result was in South Carolina where it received 87 2 of the vote In Alabama and Mississippi Thurmond was listed as the Democratic nominee Truman was the National Democratic candidate in Mississippi and was not on the ballot in Alabama Electors not pledged to any candidate were on the ballot in several states Running as the nominees of the States Rights Party and Constitution Party the ticket s best result was in Virginia where it received 6 2 of the vote Jones and Talmadge received one electoral vote from an Alabama faithless elector pledged to Adlai Stevenson Electors not pledged to any candidate were on the ballot in several states In Mississippi the slate of unpledged electors won the state In Alabama eleven Democratic electors were chosen six unpledged and five for nominee John F Kennedy The Mississippi and Alabama unpledged electors voted for Harry F Byrd for President and Strom Thurmond for Vice President in addition one faithless elector from Oklahoma pledged to Richard Nixon voted for Byrd for President but for Barry Goldwater for Vice President Running as the nominees of the National States Rights Party the ticket s best result was in Arkansas where it received 6 8 of the vote Electors not pledged to any candidate were on the ballot in Alabama where they replaced national nominee Lyndon B Johnson and received 30 6 of the vote Further reading editBarone Michael and others The Almanac of American Politics 1976 The Senators the Representatives and the Governors Their Records and Election Results Their States and Districts 1975 2017 new edition every 2 years detailed political profile of every governor and member of Congress as well as state and district politics Bateman David Ira Katznelson and John S Lapinski 2020 Southern Nation Congress and white supremacy after reconstruction Princeton University Press Black Earl and Merle Black Politics and Society in the South 1989 Bullock III Charles S and Mark J Rozell eds The Oxford Handbook of Southern Politics 2012 Bullock Charles S MacManus Susan A Mayer Jeremy D Rozell Mark J 2019 The South and the Transformation of U S Politics Oxford University Press Glaser James M The Hand of the Past in Contemporary Southern Politics 2013 Key V O Southern Politics in State and Nation 1951 famous classic Kuziemko Ilyana and Ebonya Washington Why did the Democrats lose the south Bringing new data to an old debate No w21703 National Bureau of Economic Research 2015 online Rae Nicol C Southern Democrats Oxford University Press 1994 Richter William L Historical Dictionary of the Old South 2005 Shafer Byron E The End of Southern Exceptionalism Class Race and Partisan Change in the Postwar South 2006 excerpt and text search Twyman Robert W and David C Roller eds Encyclopedia of Southern History LSU Press 1979 Woodard J David The New Southern Politics 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Southern Democrats amp oldid 1186732363, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.