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South Asian ethnic groups

January 19, 2024

South Asian ethnic groups are an ethnolinguistic grouping of the diverse populations of South Asia, including the nations of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.[1] While Afghanistan is variously considered to be a part of both Central Asia and South Asia, Afghans are generally not included among South Asians.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

The majority of the population fall within three large linguistic groups: Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, and Iranic. The Indian, Nepalese, and Sri Lankan societies are traditionally divided into castes or clans; these categories have had no official status in India since independence in 1947, except for the scheduled castes and tribes, which remain registered for the purpose of affirmative action. In today's India, the population is categorised in terms of the 1,652 mother tongues spoken.

These groups are also further subdivided into numerous sub-groups, castes and tribes. Indo-Aryans form the predominant ethnolinguistic group in India (North India, East India, West India, and Central India), Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives.[10] Dravidians form the predominant ethnolinguistic group in southern India, the northern and eastern regions of Sri Lanka and a small pocket of Pakistan.[11] The Iranic peoples also have a significant presence in South Asia, the large majority of whom are located in Pakistan.[12][13]

Minority groups not falling within either large group mostly speak languages belonging to the Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burman language families, and largely live around Ladakh and Northeast India, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. The Andamanese (Sentinel, Onge, Jarawa, and Great Andamanese) live in some of the Andaman Islands and speak a language isolate, as do the Kusunda in central Nepal,[14] the Vedda in Sri Lanka, and the Nihali of Central India, who number about 5,000 people. The people of the Hunza Valley in Pakistan are another distinct population; they speak Burushaski, a language isolate.

The traditions of different ethnic groups in South Asia have diverged, influenced by external cultures, especially in the northwestern parts of South Asia and also in the border regions and busy ports, where there are greater levels of contact with external cultures. There is also a lot of genetic diversity within the region. For example, most of the ethnic groups of the northeastern parts of South Asia are genetically related to peoples of East or Southeast Asia. There are also genetically isolated groups who have not been genetically influenced by other groups, such as the Jarawa people of the Andaman Islands. The largest ethnolinguistic group in South Asia are the Indo-Aryans, numbering around 1 billion, and the largest subgroup are the native speakers of Hindi languages, numbering more than 470 million.

These groups are based solely on a linguistic basis and not on a genetic basis.

List of ethnic groups on the basis of language edit

 
South Asian language families

Andamanese groups edit

Main article: Andamanese peoples

Austroasiatic people edit

Main article: Austroasiatic peoples of South Asia

Austronesian people edit

Dravidian people edit

Main article: Dravidian peoples

Indo-Aryan people edit

Main article: Indo-Aryan peoples
 
The extent of Indo-Aryan languages in South Asia

Iranic people edit

Nuristani people edit

Main article: Nuristani peoples

Semitic people edit

Tai people edit

Tibeto-Burman people edit

Turkic people edit

See also: Indo-Turkic people

Afro-Asian groups edit

Main article: Afro-Asians in South Asia

European and Eurasian people edit

East Asian people edit

Chinese edit

Linguistic isolate groups edit

Diaspora edit

Main article: South Asian diaspora

Many South Asian ethnic groups and nationalities have substantial diasporas.

See also Bangladeshi diaspora, Indian diaspora, Nepalese diaspora, Pakistani diaspora, Punjabi diaspora, Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora, Tamil diaspora, Telugu diaspora, Sindhi diaspora, and Bihari diaspora.

Two (or possibly three) other people groups have ethnic and linguistic ties with the region:

See also edit

National demographics:

References edit

  1. ^ "UN Geoscheme".
  2. ^ Danico, Mary Yu (2014). Asian American Society: An Encyclopedia. SAGE Publications. p. 838. ISBN 978-1-4522-8189-6.
  3. ^ Bhopal, Raj (2004). "Glossary of terms relating to ethnicity and race: for reflection and debate". Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 58 (6): 441–445. doi:10.1136/jech.2003.013466. PMC 1732794. PMID 15143107.
  4. ^ . British Sociological Association. March 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  5. ^ Sarwal, Amit (2012). Bridging Imaginations: South Asian Diaspora in Australia. Readworthy Publications. ISBN 978-81-935345-4-0.
  6. ^ Lindsay, olin (2001). (PDF). Profiles of Ethnic Communities in Canada. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  7. ^ https://study.com/academy/lesson/asian-ethnic-groups.html "South Asia is home to the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka."
  8. ^ https://minorityrights.org/minorities/south-asians/ "In the UK the term South Asian usually refers to people from the Indian subcontinent."
  9. ^ https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055159 "Individuals of South Asian (Bangladeshi, Bhutanese, Indian, Maldivian, Nepalese, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan) ancestry account for almost a quarter of the world’s population, and the South Asian diaspora is one of the largest and most widespread across the globe."
  10. ^ Chitta, Sridhar (7 January 2022). The Knowledge in the Vedas. StoryMirror Infotech Pvt Ltd. p. 173. ISBN 978-93-92661-61-7.
  11. ^ Swan, Michael; Smith, Bernard (26 April 2001). Learner English: A Teacher's Guide to Interference and Other Problems. Cambridge University Press. p. 227. ISBN 978-0-521-77939-5. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  12. ^ Kachru, Braj B.; Kachru, Yamuna; Sridhar, S. N. (27 March 2008). Language in South Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-139-46550-2.
  13. ^ "Pakistan", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency
  14. ^ D.E. Watters, Notes on Kusunda (a language isolate of Nepal), Kathmandu 2005
  15. ^ Yasmin Saikia (9 November 2004). Fragmented Memories. ISBN 0822333732.

16. Vij SB, Webb ML. Culturally competent occupational therapy practice for South Asians in the United States of America: A narrative review. Indian J Occup Ther 2022;54:4-9.

External links edit

  Media related to Ethnic groups in India at Wikimedia Commons   Media related to Ethnic groups in Pakistan at Wikimedia Commons   Media related to Ethnic groups in Nepal at Wikimedia Commons

January 19, 2024
south, asian, ethnic, groups, ethnolinguistic, grouping, diverse, populations, south, asia, including, nations, bangladesh, bhutan, india, maldives, nepal, pakistan, lanka, while, afghanistan, variously, considered, part, both, central, asia, south, asia, afgh. South Asian ethnic groups are an ethnolinguistic grouping of the diverse populations of South Asia including the nations of Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan and Sri Lanka 1 While Afghanistan is variously considered to be a part of both Central Asia and South Asia Afghans are generally not included among South Asians 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The majority of the population fall within three large linguistic groups Indo Aryan Dravidian and Iranic The Indian Nepalese and Sri Lankan societies are traditionally divided into castes or clans these categories have had no official status in India since independence in 1947 except for the scheduled castes and tribes which remain registered for the purpose of affirmative action In today s India the population is categorised in terms of the 1 652 mother tongues spoken These groups are also further subdivided into numerous sub groups castes and tribes Indo Aryans form the predominant ethnolinguistic group in India North India East India West India and Central India Bangladesh Pakistan Nepal Sri Lanka and the Maldives 10 Dravidians form the predominant ethnolinguistic group in southern India the northern and eastern regions of Sri Lanka and a small pocket of Pakistan 11 The Iranic peoples also have a significant presence in South Asia the large majority of whom are located in Pakistan 12 13 Minority groups not falling within either large group mostly speak languages belonging to the Austroasiatic and Tibeto Burman language families and largely live around Ladakh and Northeast India Nepal Bhutan and the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh The Andamanese Sentinel Onge Jarawa and Great Andamanese live in some of the Andaman Islands and speak a language isolate as do the Kusunda in central Nepal 14 the Vedda in Sri Lanka and the Nihali of Central India who number about 5 000 people The people of the Hunza Valley in Pakistan are another distinct population they speak Burushaski a language isolate The traditions of different ethnic groups in South Asia have diverged influenced by external cultures especially in the northwestern parts of South Asia and also in the border regions and busy ports where there are greater levels of contact with external cultures There is also a lot of genetic diversity within the region For example most of the ethnic groups of the northeastern parts of South Asia are genetically related to peoples of East or Southeast Asia There are also genetically isolated groups who have not been genetically influenced by other groups such as the Jarawa people of the Andaman Islands The largest ethnolinguistic group in South Asia are the Indo Aryans numbering around 1 billion and the largest subgroup are the native speakers of Hindi languages numbering more than 470 million These groups are based solely on a linguistic basis and not on a genetic basis Contents 1 List of ethnic groups on the basis of language 1 1 Andamanese groups 1 2 Austroasiatic people 1 3 Austronesian people 1 4 Dravidian people 1 5 Indo Aryan people 1 6 Iranic people 1 7 Nuristani people 1 8 Semitic people 1 9 Tai people 1 10 Tibeto Burman people 1 11 Turkic people 1 12 Afro Asian groups 1 13 European and Eurasian people 1 14 East Asian people 1 14 1 Chinese 1 15 Linguistic isolate groups 2 Diaspora 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksList of ethnic groups on the basis of language edit nbsp South Asian language familiesAndamanese groups edit Main article Andamanese peoples Great Andamanese of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Jangil of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Jarawa of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Onge of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Sentinelese of the Andaman and Nicobar IslandsAustroasiatic people edit Main article Austroasiatic peoples of South Asia Khasi people Pnar Jaintia Munda peoples Bhumij people Bonda people Ho people Juang people Kharia people Korku people Mahle people Munda people Santali people Sora people Nicobarese people Shompen peopleAustronesian people edit Sri Lankan Malays Urak Lawoi MokenDravidian people edit Main article Dravidian peoples Badagas Brahui people Dongria Kondha Gondi people Irulas Kannadigas Khonds Kodava Kurukh Oraon Malayali Malto people Sauria Paharia people Tamil people Indian Tamils Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Tamils Telugu people Toda people TuluvasIndo Aryan people edit Main article Indo Aryan peoples nbsp The extent of Indo Aryan languages in South AsiaAssamese people 15 Awadhi people Banjara people Bhojpuri people Bengali people Bhil people Chakma people Chitrali people Chittagonian people Deccani people Dhivehi people Dogra people Garhwali people Gurjar Gujarati people Haryanvi people Kalash people Kamrupi people Kashmiri people Khas people Konkani people Kumaoni people Kutchi people Maithili people Maldivian people Marathi people Magahi people Meena people Nagpuria people Odia people Pahari people Kashmir Pahari people Nepal Pothwari people Parsi people Punjabi people Rajbongshi people Rajasthani people Marwaris Rohingya people Sindhi people Memons Saraiki people Saurashtra people Sinhalese people Shina people Sylheti people Tharu peopleIranic people edit Baloch people Hazara people Irani people Tajik people Pashtun people Rohilla peopleHazarewal peopleNuristani people edit Main article Nuristani peoples Nuristani people Kata people Kom people Mumo peopleSemitic people edit Arabs or mixed Arab and Indo Aryan or Dravidian Arabs in Gujarat Sri Lankan Moors trace ancestry to Arab traders who settled in Sri Lanka and native Tamil women Iraqi biradri a community of Muslims in north India trace ancestry from Arab tribe of Bani Tamim Labbay Arab traders who settled in South India Konkani Muslims trace their ancestry to Arab traders Mappila Muslims trace their ancestry to Arab traders Chaush trace ancestors to traders from Yemen Syrian Malabar Nasranis are descendants of both Brahmin Nair and Jewish converts to Christianity Some mixed later with Persians and Europeans later on citation needed Knanaya Syriac Christians who trace their origins to Mesopotamia Thangal Indian Jews Cochin Jews Malayali Jews Bene Israel Marathi Jews Baghdadi Jews Arab Jews in Bengal Bnei Menashe Mizo and Kuki Jews Bene Ephraim Telugu Jews Paradesi Jews European Jews in India Tai people edit Ahom people Dai people Tai Aiton Tai Phake or Tai PhakialTibeto Burman people edit Bodo Kachari people Bodo Dimasa Garo Hajong Sonowal Sutiya Chepang Gurung Khowa Kirati people Rai Limbu Yakkha Sunuwar Jirel Hayu Dhimal Lepcha people Magar people Memba Meitei people Manipuri people Naga people Anal people Angami Naga Southern Angami Ao Naga Chakhesang Naga Chang Naga Chiru Naga Chothe people Khiamniungan Naga Konyak Naga Lainong Naga Lamkang people Lotha Naga Mao people Maram people Maring people Monsang people Moyon Naga Nocte Naga Para Naga Poumai people Phom Naga Pochury Naga Rengma Naga Sangtam Naga Sumi Naga Tangkhul people Tangsa Naga Tarao people Thangal people Tikhir Naga Tutsa Naga Wancho Naga Yimkhiung Naga Chirr Naga Makury Naga Zeliangrong Inpui people Liangmai people Rongmei people Zeme Naga Newar people Nishi Tamang Thakali Tibetans and Tibetan speaking peoples Tibetan Ladakhis Uttarakhandi Bhotiya Sikkimese people Bhutias Monpa Takpa Tshangla Sherpas Bhotiyas Sherdukpen Aka Miji Tibetan Muslim Burig Baltis Tripuri Karbi people or Mikir Thami Zo people Bawm people Chin Kuki Halam Hrangkhol MizoTurkic people edit See also Indo Turkic people Turks in India Rowther are alleged descendants of Seljuk Turks in Turko Persian tradition They have since become the tradition of Turko Indian in 12th Century Mughal Moghul A Sunni Islamic dynasty of Asia which originated in Central Asia Chughtai Tartars Those people who originated in Uzbekistan and fought for Chagatai Khan who was son of Genghis Khan Barlas A Turkified Mongol tribe to which Babur belonged Changezi Those who were in army of Hulagu Khan Afro Asian groups edit Main article Afro Asians in South Asia Chaush Sheedis Siddis an ethnic community of Black African descent found primarily in Pakistan Gujarat and Karnataka Sri Lanka KaffirsEuropean and Eurasian people edit Anglo Burmese Anglo Indian Bangladeshi Armenians Burgher people French Indian Luso IndianEast Asian people edit Chinese edit Bangladeshi Chinese Indian Chinese Pakistani Chinese Sri Lankan ChineseLinguistic isolate groups edit Hunza people Kusunda Nahali VeddaDiaspora editMain article South Asian diaspora Many South Asian ethnic groups and nationalities have substantial diasporas South Asian American Bangladeshi American Bengali American Gujarati American Indian American Indo Caribbean American Indo Fijian American Nepalese American Pakistani American Punjabi American Sindhi American Sri Lankan American Tamil American Telugu American South Asian Canadian Bangladeshi Canadian Indo Canadian Nepalese Canadian Pakistani Canadian Sri Lankan Canadian Tamil Canadian British Asian British Bangladeshi British Indian British Nepalese British Pakistani British Tamil Sri Lankans in the United Kingdom British Indo Caribbean community Mauritians in the United Kingdom Asian Scots South Asian Australian Bangladeshi Australian Indian Australian Nepalese Australian Pakistani Australian Sri Lankan Australian Indo Kiwi Indians in Singapore Malaysian Indian Tamil Malaysians Chitty Nepalis in Singapore Nepalese people in Malaysia Indian Indonesian Indo Mauritian Bihari Mauritian Indo Caribbean Indians in Barbados Indians in Belize Indians in the Dominican Republic Indians in French Guiana Indo Grenadians Indians in Guadeloupe Indo Guyanese Indo Haitians Indo Jamaican Indo Martiniquais Indo Saint Lucian Indo Surinamese Indo Trinidadian and Tobagonian Indo Vincentian Indians in South America Indians in Argentina Indians in Brazil Indians in Panama Indians in Venezuela Burmese Indians South Asians in Hong Kong South Asians in the Philippines Indians in Germany Nepalis in Germany Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa Indian South Africans Tamil South Africans Indians in Botswana Indians in Kenya Indians in Madagascar Indo Mauritian Bihari Mauritian Indians in Mozambique Indo Reunionnaise Indo Seychellois Indians in Tanzania Indians in Uganda Indians in Zambia Indians in Zimbabwe Indians in Iran Indians in Thailand Indians in the United Arab Emirates Indians in Vietnam Indians in Panama Indian diaspora in France Indians in Israel Indians in Italy Indians in Portugal Indian community in Spain Indo Fijian South Indians in Fiji Indians in New Caledonia Lhotshampa Muhajir peopleSee also Bangladeshi diaspora Indian diaspora Nepalese diaspora Pakistani diaspora Punjabi diaspora Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora Tamil diaspora Telugu diaspora Sindhi diaspora and Bihari diaspora Two or possibly three other people groups have ethnic and linguistic ties with the region Dom people Romani people Lom people who speak a language both related to Indo Aryan and Armenian See also editLanguages of South Asia Languages of Bangladesh Languages of Bhutan Languages of India Languages of Maldives Languages of Nepal Languages of Pakistan Languages of Sri Lanka List of ethnolinguistic regions of South Asia List of indigenous peoples of South Asia List of Scheduled Tribes in India Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Non resident Indian and person of Indian origin Non Resident Nepali Overseas Pakistani Desi Ethnic groups in Pakistan Ethnic groups in Nepal Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia Y DNA haplogroups in populations of South AsiaNational demographics Demographics of Bangladesh Demographics of Bhutan Demographics of India Demographics of the Maldives Demographics of Nepal Demographics of Pakistan Demographics of Sri LankaReferences edit UN Geoscheme Danico Mary Yu 2014 Asian American Society An Encyclopedia SAGE Publications p 838 ISBN 978 1 4522 8189 6 Bhopal Raj 2004 Glossary of terms relating to ethnicity and race for reflection and debate Journal of Epidemiology amp Community Health 58 6 441 445 doi 10 1136 jech 2003 013466 PMC 1732794 PMID 15143107 Language and the BSA Ethnicity amp Race British Sociological Association March 2005 Archived from the original on 27 April 2015 Retrieved 27 April 2015 Sarwal Amit 2012 Bridging Imaginations South Asian Diaspora in Australia Readworthy Publications ISBN 978 81 935345 4 0 Lindsay olin 2001 The South Asian Community PDF Profiles of Ethnic Communities in Canada Ottawa Statistics Canada Archived from the original PDF on 23 June 2013 Retrieved 9 November 2014 https study com academy lesson asian ethnic groups html South Asia is home to the countries of Bangladesh Bhutan India the Maldives Nepal Pakistan and Sri Lanka https minorityrights org minorities south asians In the UK the term South Asian usually refers to people from the Indian subcontinent https www ahajournals org doi 10 1161 CIRCULATIONAHA 121 055159 Individuals of South Asian Bangladeshi Bhutanese Indian Maldivian Nepalese Pakistani and Sri Lankan ancestry account for almost a quarter of the world s population and the South Asian diaspora is one of the largest and most widespread across the globe Chitta Sridhar 7 January 2022 The Knowledge in the Vedas StoryMirror Infotech Pvt Ltd p 173 ISBN 978 93 92661 61 7 Swan Michael Smith Bernard 26 April 2001 Learner English A Teacher s Guide to Interference and Other Problems Cambridge University Press p 227 ISBN 978 0 521 77939 5 Retrieved 18 October 2016 Kachru Braj B Kachru Yamuna Sridhar S N 27 March 2008 Language in South Asia Cambridge University Press p 34 ISBN 978 1 139 46550 2 Pakistan The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency D E Watters Notes on Kusunda a language isolate of Nepal Kathmandu 2005 Yasmin Saikia 9 November 2004 Fragmented Memories ISBN 0822333732 16 Vij SB Webb ML Culturally competent occupational therapy practice for South Asians in the United States of America A narrative review Indian J Occup Ther 2022 54 4 9 External links edit nbsp Media related to Ethnic groups in India at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Media related to Ethnic groups in Pakistan at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Media related to Ethnic groups in Nepal at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title South Asian ethnic groups amp oldid 1193295620, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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