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Sharchops

The Sharchops (Dzongkha: ཤར་ཕྱོགས་པ, Wylie: shar phyogs pa; "Easterner") are the populations of mixed Tibetan, Southeast Asian and South Asian descent that mostly live in the eastern districts of Bhutan.[1]

Sharchop
Total population
212,500[citation needed]
Regions with significant populations
Eastern Bhutan (Lhuntse, Trashiyangtse, Mongar, Pemagatshel, Trashigang, Samdrup Jongkhar)
Southwest China (Tibet Autonomous Region)

Northeast India (Assam and Arunachal Pradesh (Monpa tribes: Khalaktang, Dirang; Memba tribe: Tuting))
Languages
Tshangla · Monpa languages · Dzongkha · Tibetan Languages
Religion
Buddhism · Bon
Related ethnic groups
Monpa · Ngalop · Tibetan people

Ethnicity

The Sharchops are an Indo-Mongoloid people who migrated from Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, or possibly Burma,[2] c. 1200 – c. 800 BC.[3] Van Driem (1993) indicates that Sharchops are closely related to the Mönpa and that both are descendants of the indigenous Tibetic peoples (pre-Ngalop) of Bhutan. Due to the societal prominence and political power of Dzongkha-speaking Bhutanese, however, Sharchops are marginalized in Bhutan.[4] The Sharchops are the largest ethnic group in Bhutan.[5][6]

Population

The Sharchops comprise most of the population of eastern Bhutan, a country whose total population in 2010 was approximately 708,500.[7] Although they have long been the largest single ethnic group in Bhutan, the Sharchop have been largely assimilated into the culturally and politically dominant Tibetic Ngalop culture.[8] Together, the Ngalop, Sharchop, and tribal groups constituted up to 72 percent of the population in the late 1980s, according to official Bhutanese statistics.[8][9] The 1981 census claimed that Sharchops represented 30% of the population, and Ngalops approximately 17%.[10] The World Factbook, however, estimates that the "Bhote" Ngalop and Sharchop ethnic groups together comprise approximately 50% of Bhutan's population, at 354,200 people.[7] Assuming Sharchops still outnumber Ngalops at a 3:2 ratio, the total population of Sharchops in Bhutan is approximately 212,500.

Language

Most Sharchops speak Tshangla, a Tibeto-Burman language; fewer speak the Olekha language.[11] They also learn the national language, Dzongkha. Because of their proximity to Northeastern India, some speak Assamese. Bodo is also known to many of them because of socio cultural and trade relations.

Tshangla is also spoken by the Monpa (Menba) national minority across the border in China, distributed in Mêdog, Nyingchi and Dirang. Tshangla is similar to the Kalaktang and Dirang languages spoken by the Monpa of Arunachal Pradesh, India.[12]

Lifestyle

Sharchop peoples practice slash-and-burn and tsheri agriculture, planting dry rice crops for three or four years until the soil is exhausted and then moving on,[8] however the practice has been officially banned in Bhutan since 1969.[13][14]

Most of the Sharchops follow matrilineal lines in the inheritance of land and livestock.[15]

Religion

Most Sharchops follow Tibetan Buddhism with some elements of Bön, although those who live in the Duars follow Animism.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ Schottli, Jivanta; Mitra, Subrata K.; Wolf, Siegried (2015-05-08). A Political and Economic Dictionary of South Asia. ISBN 9781135355760.
  2. ^ Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. New York: Routledge. p. 218. ISBN 1-57958-468-3.
  3. ^ "Culture of Bhutan". Countries and Their Cultures. Advameg, Inc. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  4. ^ "U.S. Committee for Refugees World Refugee Survey 1999 - Bhutan". United States Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 1 January 1999. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
  5. ^ van Driem, George L. (1993). "Language Policy in Bhutan" (PDF). London: SOAS. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
  6. ^ van Driem, George (2001). Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill. p. 915 et seq.
  7. ^ a b Bhutan. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
  8. ^ a b c d   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Robert L. Worden (September 1991). Andrea Matles Savada (ed.). Bhutan: A Country Study. Federal Research Division. Ethnic Groups.
  9. ^   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Robert L. Worden (September 1991). Andrea Matles Savada (ed.). Bhutan: A Country Study. Federal Research Division. Society.
  10. ^ "Bhutan Backgrounder". SATP online. South Asia Terrorism Portal. 2002-09-20. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
  11. ^ "Languages of Bhutan". Ethnologue Online. Dallas: SIL International. 2006. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
  12. ^ Blench, Roger (2014). Sorting out Monpa: The relationships of the Monpa languages of Arunachal Pradesh.
  13. ^   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Robert L. Worden (September 1991). Andrea Matles Savada (ed.). Bhutan: A Country Study. Federal Research Division. Farming.
  14. ^ "Shifting Cultivation in Bhutan: A Gradual Approach to Modifying Land Use Patterns". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations online. FAO. 1987. Retrieved 2011-03-13.
  15. ^ (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations online. FAO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-18. Retrieved 8 Sep 2017.

sharchops, dzongkha, ཤར, གས, wylie, shar, phyogs, easterner, populations, mixed, tibetan, southeast, asian, south, asian, descent, that, mostly, live, eastern, districts, bhutan, sharchoptotal, population212, citation, needed, regions, with, significant, popul. The Sharchops Dzongkha ཤར ཕ གས པ Wylie shar phyogs pa Easterner are the populations of mixed Tibetan Southeast Asian and South Asian descent that mostly live in the eastern districts of Bhutan 1 SharchopTotal population212 500 citation needed Regions with significant populationsEastern Bhutan Lhuntse Trashiyangtse Mongar Pemagatshel Trashigang Samdrup Jongkhar Southwest China Tibet Autonomous Region Northeast India Assam and Arunachal Pradesh Monpa tribes Khalaktang Dirang Memba tribe Tuting LanguagesTshangla Monpa languages Dzongkha Tibetan LanguagesReligionBuddhism BonRelated ethnic groupsMonpa Ngalop Tibetan people Contents 1 Ethnicity 2 Population 3 Language 4 Lifestyle 5 Religion 6 See also 7 ReferencesEthnicity EditThe Sharchops are an Indo Mongoloid people who migrated from Assam Arunachal Pradesh or possibly Burma 2 c 1200 c 800 BC 3 Van Driem 1993 indicates that Sharchops are closely related to the Monpa and that both are descendants of the indigenous Tibetic peoples pre Ngalop of Bhutan Due to the societal prominence and political power of Dzongkha speaking Bhutanese however Sharchops are marginalized in Bhutan 4 The Sharchops are the largest ethnic group in Bhutan 5 6 Population EditThe Sharchops comprise most of the population of eastern Bhutan a country whose total population in 2010 was approximately 708 500 7 Although they have long been the largest single ethnic group in Bhutan the Sharchop have been largely assimilated into the culturally and politically dominant Tibetic Ngalop culture 8 Together the Ngalop Sharchop and tribal groups constituted up to 72 percent of the population in the late 1980s according to official Bhutanese statistics 8 9 The 1981 census claimed that Sharchops represented 30 of the population and Ngalops approximately 17 10 The World Factbook however estimates that the Bhote Ngalop and Sharchop ethnic groups together comprise approximately 50 of Bhutan s population at 354 200 people 7 Assuming Sharchops still outnumber Ngalops at a 3 2 ratio the total population of Sharchops in Bhutan is approximately 212 500 Language EditMost Sharchops speak Tshangla a Tibeto Burman language fewer speak the Olekha language 11 They also learn the national language Dzongkha Because of their proximity to Northeastern India some speak Assamese Bodo is also known to many of them because of socio cultural and trade relations Tshangla is also spoken by the Monpa Menba national minority across the border in China distributed in Medog Nyingchi and Dirang Tshangla is similar to the Kalaktang and Dirang languages spoken by the Monpa of Arunachal Pradesh India 12 Lifestyle EditSharchop peoples practice slash and burn and tsheri agriculture planting dry rice crops for three or four years until the soil is exhausted and then moving on 8 however the practice has been officially banned in Bhutan since 1969 13 14 Most of the Sharchops follow matrilineal lines in the inheritance of land and livestock 15 Religion EditMost Sharchops follow Tibetan Buddhism with some elements of Bon although those who live in the Duars follow Animism 8 See also EditEthnic groups in Bhutan Monpa people Ngalop people Lhotshampa Toto people Demographics of BhutanReferences Edit Schottli Jivanta Mitra Subrata K Wolf Siegried 2015 05 08 A Political and Economic Dictionary of South Asia ISBN 9781135355760 Skutsch Carl ed 2005 Encyclopedia of the World s Minorities New York Routledge p 218 ISBN 1 57958 468 3 Culture of Bhutan Countries and Their Cultures Advameg Inc Retrieved 30 September 2013 U S Committee for Refugees World Refugee Survey 1999 Bhutan United States Committee for Refugees and Immigrants 1 January 1999 Retrieved 29 September 2013 van Driem George L 1993 Language Policy in Bhutan PDF London SOAS Retrieved 2011 01 18 van Driem George 2001 Languages of the Himalayas An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region Brill p 915 et seq a b Bhutan The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency a b c d This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Robert L Worden September 1991 Andrea Matles Savada ed Bhutan A Country Study Federal Research Division Ethnic Groups This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Robert L Worden September 1991 Andrea Matles Savada ed Bhutan A Country Study Federal Research Division Society Bhutan Backgrounder SATP online South Asia Terrorism Portal 2002 09 20 Retrieved 2011 07 10 Languages of Bhutan Ethnologue Online Dallas SIL International 2006 Retrieved 2011 01 18 Blench Roger 2014 Sorting out Monpa The relationships of the Monpa languages of Arunachal Pradesh This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Robert L Worden September 1991 Andrea Matles Savada ed Bhutan A Country Study Federal Research Division Farming Shifting Cultivation in Bhutan A Gradual Approach to Modifying Land Use Patterns Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations online FAO 1987 Retrieved 2011 03 13 Fact Sheet Bhutan Women in Agriculture Environment and Rural Production PDF Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations online FAO Archived from the original PDF on 2017 05 18 Retrieved 8 Sep 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sharchops amp oldid 1151190891, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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