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Romanization of Wu Chinese

Wu Chinese has three major schools of romanization.

The most popular school, Common Wu Pinyin (通用吴语拼音), was developed by amateur language clubs and local learners. There are two competing schemes; both adhere to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and are very similar to each other. The initial scheme was "Wu Chinese Society pinyin" (吴语协会拼音, developed around 2005),[1] and it formed the basis of "Wugniu pinyin" (吴语学堂拼音, around 2016).[2] Wu Chinese Society pinyin in general does not mark tones.[3] The name Wugniu comes from the Shanghainese pronunciation of 吴语. Either of them is the default romanization scheme in most learning materials.

The second school is the Latin Phonetic Method (吴语拉丁式注音法, French-Wu or Fawu [法吴]). Its use is in decline. It utilizes the similarities between French and Wu phonetics and thus adheres to both IPA and French orthography. It was developed in 2003 by a Shanghai-born surgeon based in Lyon, France.[4][5]

The final, and least used school, adheres to Mandarin-Putonghua pinyin as sanctioned by the State Council. It is the only school developed by professional linguists, mostly working in state-administered universities. While more than 20 competing schemes within this school have been published since the 1980s, the most notable one is the Shanghainese Pinyin (上海话拼音方案, often shortened to Qian's Pin [钱拼]), developed by Qian Nairong in 2006.[6]

Comparison chart

All examples are given in Shanghainese and Suzhounese

Initials

IPA Romanization schemes Characters
Wu Chinese Society Wugniu French-Wu Qian's Pinyin
p p p p b 巴百
ph ph ph p 怕捧
b b b b bh 旁别
m m m m mh 没母
ˀm 'm m mh m 闷美
f f f f f 夫反
v v v v fh 佛犯
ˀv v v vh v [7]
t t t t d 多德
th th th t 体通
d d d d dh 地同
n n n n nh, -n 纳努
ˀn 'n n nh ng 囡呢
ȵ[8] ny gn gn nh 尼女
ˀȵ 'ny gn kn n 研妞
l l l l lh 勒路
ˀl 'l l lh l 拎了
ts ts ts tz z 子张
tsʰ tsh tsh ts c 超参
s s s s s 书三
z z z z sh 传食
c c c j 居尖
tɕʰ ch ch ch q 曲青
j j dj jh 求极
ɕ sh sh x x 需血
ʑ zh zh j xh 谢墙
k k k k g 工各
kh kh kh k 苦客
ɡ g g g gh 共搞
ŋ ng ng ng nhg-, -ng 鹅牙
ˀŋ ng ng nk ng 我砑
h h h h h 好黑
ɦ gh / w / y[9] gh / w / y[9] r hh 红合

Finals

Shanghainese IPA Suzhounese IPA[10] Romanization schemes Characters
Wu Chinese Society Wugniu French-Wu Qian's Pinyin
a ɑ a a a a
ua ua ua ua ua
ia ia ia ia ia
o o o o au o
io io io io iau io
ɿ[8] ɿ y y y y
- ʮ[8] yu yu y y
i i i i i i
u u u u u u
- əu ou ou u u
y y iu iu ü (y)u
ɛ ɛ ae ae e ae
e [8] e e e e
uae uae ue ue
ɔ æ au au o ao
iau iau io iao
ɤ øʏ eu eu oe ou
iøʏ ieu ieu ioe iou
- ie ie i i
ø ø oe oe eu oe
uoe uoe ueu uoe
ioe ioe ieu ioe
ã ã an an aen an
uan uan uaen uan
ian ian iaen ian
ɑ̃ ɑ̃ aon aon an ang
uɑ̃ uɑ̃ uaon uaon uan uang
iɑ̃ iɑ̃ iaon iaon ian iang
on on on ong
ioŋ ioŋ ion ion ion iong
ən ən en en en eng
uən uən uen uen uen ueng
in in in in in in
yn yn iuin iun ün (y)un
ɐʔ aeh aeq aq ak
uɐʔ uaʔ uaeh uaeq uaq uak
iɐʔ iaʔ iaeh iaeq iaq iak
yɪʔ yaʔ iuaeh iuaeq uiq yuik
ɐʔ ɑʔ ah aq aq ak
uɐʔ uɑʔ uah uaq uaq uak
iɐʔ iɑʔ iah iaq iaq iak
əʔ əʔ eh eq eq ek
uəʔ uəʔ ueh ueq ueq uek
iɪʔ iəʔ ih iq iq ik
yɪʔ yəʔ iuih iuq uiq yuik
oh oq oq ok
ioʔ ioʔ ioh ioq ioq iok
ɦəl əl r er er er
m m m m
n n n n
ŋ̍ ŋ̍ ng ng ng ng

Tones

Shanghainese IPA Suzhounese IPA[10] Wenzhounese IPA [11] Romanization schemes Characters
Wu Chinese Society Wugniu French-Wu Qian's Pinyin
˥˧(53) ˥(44) ˧(33) 1 1 天听知
- ˨˨˦(223) ˨˧(23) 1 2 人华词
- ˥˩(51) ˧˥(35) 2 3 可海洗
- - ˧˥(35) 2 4 尾有近
˨˨˥(334) ˥˨˦(523) ˥˨(42) 3 5 去会唱
˩˩˧(113) ˨˧˩(231) ˨˧(23) 3 6 定烂自
˥(55) ˥˧(43) ˨˩˧(213) 4 7 只不结
˩˨(12) ˨˧(23) ˨˩˧(213) 4 8 日绝缚

References

  1. ^ . 吴语公众号. 26 April 2020. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021.
  2. ^ "吴语学堂,重新出发". 吴语学堂. 18 March 2018. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021 – via Zhihu.
  3. ^ [1] – Wu chinese (Tones)
  4. ^ 唐骋华; 孔亮 (19 August 2007). . Youth Daily [青年报] (in Chinese). Shanghai. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013.
  5. ^ (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 4 March 2010.
  6. ^ Qian, Nairong (6 December 2006). "首届国际上海方言学术研讨会审定上海话拼音方案". 北大中文论坛 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 16 February 2021.
  7. ^ 出现在三个或以上音节的语音词的第一个音节。
  8. ^ a b c d [ᴇ ɿ ʮ ȵ] are Sinological extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet that are not part of the official IPA
  9. ^ a b If the final begins with "u" or "i", this initial is written with "w" or "y", respectively. If the "u" or "i" is part of the medial, it is replaced by the "w" or "y".
  10. ^ a b 刑雯芝 (3 February 2018). Shíyòng Sūzhōuhuà 实用苏州话 [Practical Suzhou Dialect] (in Simplified Chinese, Wu Chinese, and English). Peking University Press. ISBN 978-7-301-18998-6.
  11. ^ Wenzhou dialect has eight tones, each of which is divided into yin and yang according to the clarity and turbidity. The tones are indicated by numbers, 1, 2, 3, and 4 are the four tones that go up and down respectively, and the yin and yang are divided by the initials..

romanization, chinese, also, help, chinese, this, article, missing, information, about, tone, example, text, please, expand, article, include, this, information, further, details, exist, talk, page, 2022, chinese, three, major, schools, romanization, most, pop. See also Help IPA Wu Chinese This article is missing information about tone example text Please expand the article to include this information Further details may exist on the talk page May 2022 Wu Chinese has three major schools of romanization The most popular school Common Wu Pinyin 通用吴语拼音 was developed by amateur language clubs and local learners There are two competing schemes both adhere to the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA and are very similar to each other The initial scheme was Wu Chinese Society pinyin 吴语协会拼音 developed around 2005 1 and it formed the basis of Wugniu pinyin 吴语学堂拼音 around 2016 2 Wu Chinese Society pinyin in general does not mark tones 3 The name Wugniu comes from the Shanghainese pronunciation of 吴语 Either of them is the default romanization scheme in most learning materials The second school is the Latin Phonetic Method 吴语拉丁式注音法 French Wu or Fawu 法吴 Its use is in decline It utilizes the similarities between French and Wu phonetics and thus adheres to both IPA and French orthography It was developed in 2003 by a Shanghai born surgeon based in Lyon France 4 5 The final and least used school adheres to Mandarin Putonghua pinyin as sanctioned by the State Council It is the only school developed by professional linguists mostly working in state administered universities While more than 20 competing schemes within this school have been published since the 1980s the most notable one is the Shanghainese Pinyin 上海话拼音方案 often shortened to Qian s Pin 钱拼 developed by Qian Nairong in 2006 6 Contents 1 Comparison chart 1 1 Initials 1 2 Finals 1 3 Tones 2 ReferencesComparison chart EditAll examples are given in Shanghainese and Suzhounese Initials Edit IPA Romanization schemes CharactersWu Chinese Society Wugniu French Wu Qian s Pinyinp p p p b 巴百pʰ ph ph ph p 怕捧b b b b bh 旁别m m m m mh 没母ˀm m m mh m 闷美f f f f f 夫反v v v v fh 佛犯ˀv v v vh v 勿 7 t t t t d 多德tʰ th th th t 体通d d d d dh 地同n n n n nh n 纳努ˀn n n nh ng 囡呢ȵ 8 ny gn gn nh 尼女ˀȵ ny gn kn n 研妞l l l l lh 勒路ˀl l l lh l 拎了ts ts ts tz z 子张tsʰ tsh tsh ts c 超参s s s s s 书三z z z z sh 传食tɕ c c c j 居尖tɕʰ ch ch ch q 曲青dʑ j j dj jh 求极ɕ sh sh x x 需血ʑ zh zh j xh 谢墙k k k k g 工各kʰ kh kh kh k 苦客ɡ g g g gh 共搞ŋ ng ng ng nhg ng 鹅牙ˀŋ ng ng nk ng 我砑h h h h h 好黑ɦ gh w y 9 gh w y 9 r hh 红合Finals Edit Shanghainese IPA Suzhounese IPA 10 Romanization schemes CharactersWu Chinese Society Wugniu French Wu Qian s Pinyina ɑ a a a a 蟹ua uɑ ua ua ua ua 怪ia iɑ ia ia ia ia 写o o o o au o 沙io io io io iau io 靴ɿ 8 ɿ y y y y 斯 ʮ 8 yu yu y y 书i i i i i i 移u u u u u u 副 eu ou ou u u 乌y y iu iu u y u 遇ɛ ɛ ae ae e ae 兰e ᴇ 8 e e e e 雷uɛ uɛ uae uae ue ue 还ɔ ae au au o ao 包iɔ iae iau iau io iao 萧ɤ oʏ eu eu oe ou 勾iɤ ioʏ ieu ieu ioe iou 旧 iɪ ie ie i i 先o o oe oe eu oe 干uo uo uoe uoe ueu uoe 碗yo io ioe ioe ieu ioe 捐a a an an aen an 梗ua ua uan uan uaen uan 横ia ia ian ian iaen ian 阳ɑ ɑ aon aon an ang 刚uɑ uɑ uaon uaon uan uang 黄iɑ iɑ iaon iaon ian iang 旺oŋ oŋ on on on ong 东ioŋ ioŋ ion ion ion iong 兄en en en en en eng 真uen uen uen uen uen ueng 昆in in in in in in 清yn yn iuin iun un y un 君ɐʔ aʔ aeh aeq aq ak 鸭uɐʔ uaʔ uaeh uaeq uaq uak 刮iɐʔ iaʔ iaeh iaeq iaq iak 甲yɪʔ yaʔ iuaeh iuaeq uiq yuik 曰ɐʔ ɑʔ ah aq aq ak 格uɐʔ uɑʔ uah uaq uaq uak 猾iɐʔ iɑʔ iah iaq iaq iak 脚eʔ eʔ eh eq eq ek 黑ueʔ ueʔ ueh ueq ueq uek 阔iɪʔ ieʔ ih iq iq ik 立yɪʔ yeʔ iuih iuq uiq yuik 决oʔ oʔ oh oq oq ok 读ioʔ ioʔ ioh ioq ioq iok 局ɦel el r er er er 而m m m m m m 无n n n n n n 尔ŋ ŋ ng ng ng ng 五Tones Edit Shanghainese IPA Suzhounese IPA 10 Wenzhounese IPA 11 Romanization schemes CharactersWu Chinese Society Wugniu French Wu Qian s Pinyin 53 44 33 1 1 天听知 223 23 1 2 人华词 51 35 2 3 可海洗 35 2 4 尾有近 334 523 42 3 5 去会唱 113 231 23 3 6 定烂自 55 43 213 4 7 只不结 12 23 213 4 8 日绝缚References Edit 吴语通用拼音教程 学习吴语自己的拼音 吴语公众号 26 April 2020 Archived from the original on 7 August 2021 吴语学堂 重新出发 吴语学堂 18 March 2018 Archived from the original on 7 August 2021 via Zhihu 1 Wu chinese Tones 唐骋华 孔亮 19 August 2007 都市年轻人为传承上海方言走到一起 Youth Daily 青年报 in Chinese Shanghai Archived from the original on 29 June 2013 吳語拼音草案 in Chinese Archived from the original on 4 March 2010 Qian Nairong 6 December 2006 首届国际上海方言学术研讨会审定上海话拼音方案 北大中文论坛 in Chinese Archived from the original on 16 February 2021 出现在三个或以上音节的语音词的第一个音节 a b c d ᴇ ɿ ʮ ȵ are Sinological extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet that are not part of the official IPA a b If the final begins with u or i this initial is written with w or y respectively If the u or i is part of the medial it is replaced by the w or y a b 刑雯芝 3 February 2018 Shiyong Suzhōuhua 实用苏州话 Practical Suzhou Dialect in Simplified Chinese Wu Chinese and English Peking University Press ISBN 978 7 301 18998 6 Wenzhou dialect has eight tones each of which is divided into yin and yang according to the clarity and turbidity The tones are indicated by numbers 1 2 3 and 4 are the four tones that go up and down respectively and the yin and yang are divided by the initials Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Romanization of Wu Chinese amp oldid 1112353977, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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