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Qilin

The qilin ([tɕʰǐ.lǐn]; Chinese: 麒麟) is a legendary hooved chimerical creature that appears in Chinese mythology, and is said to appear with the imminent arrival or passing of a sage or illustrious ruler.[1] Qilin are a specific type of the lin mythological family of one-horned beasts. The qilin also appears in the mythologies of other cultures, such as Japanese and Korean mythology, where it is known as the kirin, and Vietnamese mythology, where it is known as the kỳ lân.

Qilin
Qing era depiction of a qilin
GroupingLegendary creature
Sub groupingChimera
Similar entitieskirin, kỳ lân, gilen
First attested5th century BCE
CountryChina
Qilin
"Qilin" in Chinese characters
Chinese name
Chinese麒麟
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabetkỳ lân
Chữ Hán麒麟
Korean name
Hangul기린
Hanja麒麟
Japanese name
Kanji麒麟
Hiraganaきりん
Transcriptions
Romanizationkirin
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᡴᡳᠯᡳᠨ
Romanizationkilin
Qilin with Rider, from the Oxford College Archives of Emory University

Origins

 
A qilin statue in Beijing's Summer Palace.
 
Qilin tomb guardian, 4th century

Earliest mention of this mythical horned beast is in the poem 麟之趾; Lín zhī zhǐ; 'Feet of the Lin' included in the Classic of Poetry (11th - 7th c. BCE).[2][3] Spring and Autumn Annals mentioned that a lin () was captured in the 14th year of Duke Ai of Lu (魯哀公) (481 CE); Zuo Zhuan credited Confucius with identifying the lin as such.[4][5][6]

The bisyllabic form qilin (麒麟 ~ 騏驎), which carries the same generic meaning as lin alone, is attested in works dated to the Warring States period (475 - 221 BCE).[7] Qi denotes the male and lin denotes the female[8] (e.g. in Shuowen Jiezi)[9][10]

The legendary image of the qilin became associated with the image of the giraffe in the Ming dynasty.[11][12] The identification of the qilin with giraffes began after Zheng He's 15th-century voyage to East Africa (landing, among other places, in modern-day Somalia). The Ming Dynasty bought giraffes from the Somali merchants along with zebras, incense, and various other exotic animals.[13] Zheng He's fleet brought back two giraffes to Nanjing and they were referred to as "qilins", with geri meaning giraffe in Somali.[14] The identification of qilin with giraffes has had a lasting influence: even today, the same word is used for the mythical animal and the giraffe in both Korean and Japanese.[15]

Axel Schuessler reconstructs 麒麟's Old Chinese pronunciation as *gərin. Finnish linguist Juha Janhunen tentatively compares *gərin to an etymon reconstructed as *kalimV,[16] denoting "whale"; and represented in the language isolate Nivkh and four different language families Tungusic, Mongolic, Turkic and Samoyedic, wherein *kalay(ә)ng means "whale" (in Nenets) and *kalVyǝ "mammoth" (in Enets and Nganasan). As even aborigines "vaguely familiar with the underlying real animals" often confuse the whale, mammoth, and unicorn: they conceptualized the mammoth and whale as aquatic, as well as the mammoth and unicorn possessing a single horn; for inland populations, the extant whale "remains ... an abstraction, in this respect being no different from the extinct mammoth or the truly mythical unicorn." However, Janhunen cautiously remarks that "[t]he formal and semantic similarity between *kilin < *gilin ~ *gïlin 'unicorn' and *kalimV 'whale' (but also Samoyedic *kalay- 'mammoth') is sufficient to support, though perhaps not confirm, the hypothesis of an etymological connection", and also notes a possible connection between Old Chinese and Mongolian (*)kers ~ (*)keris ~ (*)kiris "rhinoceros" (Khalkha: хирс).[17]

Description

Qilin generally have Chinese dragon-like features: similar heads with antlers, eyes with thick eyelashes, manes that always flow upward, and beards. The body is fully or partially scaled and often shaped like an ox, deer, or horse.[18][19] They are always shown with cloven hooves.[20] While dragons in China (and thus qilin) are also most commonly depicted as golden, qilin may be of any color or even various colors, and can be depicted as bejeweled or exhibiting a jewel-like brilliance.[21]

The qilin is depicted throughout a wide range of Chinese art, sometimes with parts of their bodies on fire.[20]

 
A Qing dynasty qilin-shaped incense burner

Legends tell that qilin have appeared in the garden of the legendary Yellow Emperor and in the capital of Emperor Yao; both events bore testimony to the benevolent nature of the rulers.[19] It has also been told that the birth of the great sage Confucius was foretold by the arrival of a qilin.[1]

Qilin as unicorns

 
One-horned beast depicted in ceramic model from Northern Wei period (386–534)

In modern times, the depictions of qilin have often fused with the Western concept of unicorns. Qilin (麒麟) is often translated into English as "unicorn", and can sometimes be depicted as having a single horn - although this is misleading, as qilin may also be depicted as having two horns, and a separate word, "one-horned beast" (独角兽; 獨角獸; Dújiǎoshòu) is used in modern Chinese for "unicorns". A number of different Chinese mythical creatures can be depicted with a single horn, and a qilin, even if depicted with one horn, would be called a "one-horned qilin" in Chinese, not a "unicorn".

Nevertheless, the mythical and etymological connections between the creatures have been noted by various cultural studies[15][16][17] and even the Chinese government, which has minted silver, gold, and platinum commemorative coins depicting both archetypal creatures.[22]

 
A qilin in the dragon, fish, and ox style of the Ming dynasty. Note the pair of horns.
 
Porcelain qilin with the head and scaly body of a dragon, tail of a lion and cloven hoofs like a deer, its body enveloped in sacred flames. Qing dynasty, mid 18th century.

Other cultural representations

East Asia

Japan

Kirin, which has also come to be used as the modern Japanese word for a giraffe, are similar to qilin. Japanese art tends to depict the kirin as more deer-like than in Chinese art. Alternatively, it is depicted as a dragon shaped like a deer, but with an ox's tail[23] instead of a lion's tail. They are also often portrayed as partially unicorn-like in appearance, but with a backwards curving horn.

Korea

Girin or kirin (기린) is the Korean form of qilin. It is described as a maned creature with the torso of a deer, an ox tail with the hooves of a horse. The girin were initially depicted as more deer-like, however over time they have transformed into more horse-like.[24] They were one of the four divine creatures along with the dragon, phoenix and turtle. Girin were extensively used in Korean royal and Buddhist arts.

In modern Korean, the term "girin" is used for "giraffe".

Southeast Asia

Thailand

In Thailand, the qilin is known as "gilen" (Thai: กิเลน), and is a member of the pantheon of Thai Himapant forest mythical animals. It is most probable that the Gilen was introduced into the pantheon under the influence of the Tai Yai who came down from Southern China to settle in Siam in ancient times, and the legend was probably incorporated into the Himapant legends of Siam in this manner. The Gilen is a mixture of various animals, which come from differing elemental environments, representing elemental magical forces present within each personified creature. Many of the Himapant animals actually represent gods and devas of the Celestial Realms, and bodhisattvas, who manifest as personifications which represent the true nature of each creature deity through the symbolism of the various body parts amalgamated into the design of the Mythical creature.[25]

In Phra Aphai Mani, the masterpiece epic poem of Sunthorn Phu, a renowned poet of the 18th century. There is a monster that is Sudsakorn's steed, one of the main characters in the epic. This creature was called "Ma Nin Mangkorn" (Thai: ม้านิลมังกร, "ceylonite dragon horse"), it is depicted as it has diamond fangs, ceylonite scales, and a birthmark on the tongue. It was a mixture of horse, dragon, deer antlers, fish scales, and Phaya Nak tail, with has black sequins all over. Its appearance resembles a qilin.[26]

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "qilin (Chinese mythology)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
  2. ^ Classic of Poetry "Airs of Zhou and the South - Lin's Feet" translated by James Legge
  3. ^ Durrant, Li, & Schaberg (translators) (2016). Zuo tradition: Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals. Seattle & London: University of Washington Press. p. 1920, n. 292. quote: "It is significant that the earliest source known to mention the lin itself is “Lin zhi zhi” 麟之趾, or “The Foot of the Lin"
  4. ^ 古建上的主要装饰纹样――麒麟 古建园林技术-作者:徐华铛 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Zuozhuan "Duke Ai - 14th year - jing & zhuan"'
  6. ^ Durrant, Li, & Schaberg (translators) (2016). Zuo tradition: Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals. pp. 1919-1921
  7. ^ (2021). "Culture | Four mythical animals in Chinese culture". Publisher: CGTN; quote: "The Four Auspicious Beasts [四灵; 四靈; sì líng: qilin, long, bixi, fenghuang.] are also said to be the rulers of all the other animals. The first known mention of them dates from the Warring States Period (475 BC-221 BC)." Cf. Book of Rites "Li Yun 23" quote: "麟鳳龜龍,謂之四靈。"
  8. ^ ChinaKnowledge.de
  9. ^ SWJZ Radical 鹿" quote: "麟:大牝鹿也。……麒:仁獸也。麋身牛尾,一角。……麐:牝麒也。" translation: "Lín (麟): a large female deer. [...] (麒): a humane beast. With elaphure's body, ox's tail, and one horn. [...] Lín (麐): female ."
  10. ^ Parker, Jeannie Thomas (2018) The Mythic Chinese unicorn. Victoria: Friesen Press. p. 44
  11. ^ 此“麟”非彼“麟”专家称萨摩麟并非传说中麒麟
  12. ^ 傳說中的聖獸—麒麟[permanent dead link]
  13. ^ Wilson, Samuel M. (December 1992). . Natural History. Vol. 101, no. 12. pp. 22–25. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  14. ^ 傳世麒麟圖考察初稿 張之傑[permanent dead link]
  15. ^ a b Parker, J. T.:" The Mythic Chinese Unicorn"
  16. ^ a b Janhunen, J. (2011). Unicorn, Mammoth, Whale: mythological and etymological connections of zoonyms in North and East Asia. Linguistics, Archaeology and the Human Past, Occasional Paper, 12, 189–222.
  17. ^ a b Хирс in Bolor dictionary
  18. ^ "Charger with a qilin, anonymous, c. 1350". Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  19. ^ a b Liscomb, Kathyln (2016). "CHAPTER 9 How the Giraffe Became a Qilin: Intercultural Signification in Ming Dynasty Arts". The Zoomorphic Imagination in Chinese Art and Culture. University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 341–378. ISBN 9780824872564.
  20. ^ a b Bush, Susan (2016). "CHAPTER 2 Labeling the Creatures: Some Problems in Han and Six Dynasties Iconography". The Zoomorphic Imagination in Chinese Art and Culture. University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 9780824872564.
  21. ^ Yoshida, Masako (2014). "Trade Stories: Chinese Export Embroideries in the Metropolitan Museum". Metropolitan Museum Journal. 49 (1): 4–5. doi:10.1086/680031. JSTOR 10.1086/680031. S2CID 192217718 – via JSTOR.
  22. ^ "5 Yuan, China". en.numista.com. Numista. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  23. ^ Griffis, William Elliot (October 2007). The Religions of Japan. Bibliobazaar. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-4264-9918-0.
  24. ^ 기린 : 네이버캐스트
  25. ^ "Taep Payatorn Riding Qilin Himapant Lion Hlang Yant – Nuea Pong Maha Sanaeh Luan – Ajarn Warut – Wat Pong Wonaram". Buddha Magic Multimedia & Publications. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  26. ^ Pralongchoeng, Gilen (20 September 2014). "ม้ามังกร" [Dragon horse]. Thai Rath (in Thai). Retrieved 7 August 2021.

External links

  •   Media related to Qilin at Wikimedia Commons

qilin, this, article, about, legendary, creature, other, uses, disambiguation, qilin, tɕʰi, chinese, 麒麟, legendary, hooved, chimerical, creature, that, appears, chinese, mythology, said, appear, with, imminent, arrival, passing, sage, illustrious, ruler, speci. This article is about the legendary creature For other uses see Qilin disambiguation The qilin tɕʰi li n Chinese 麒麟 is a legendary hooved chimerical creature that appears in Chinese mythology and is said to appear with the imminent arrival or passing of a sage or illustrious ruler 1 Qilin are a specific type of the lin mythological family of one horned beasts The qilin also appears in the mythologies of other cultures such as Japanese and Korean mythology where it is known as the kirin and Vietnamese mythology where it is known as the kỳ lan QilinQing era depiction of a qilinGroupingLegendary creatureSub groupingChimeraSimilar entitieskirin kỳ lan gilenFirst attested5th century BCECountryChinaQilin Qilin in Chinese charactersChinese nameChinese麒麟TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinqilinWade Gilesch i2 lin2IPA tɕʰi li n Yue CantoneseYale Romanizationkeih leuhnJyutpingkei4 leon4IPA kʰe i lɵ n Southern MinHokkien POJki linVietnamese nameVietnamese alphabetkỳ lanChữ Han麒麟Korean nameHangul기린Hanja麒麟TranscriptionsRevised RomanizationGirinMcCune ReischauerKirinJapanese nameKanji麒麟HiraganaきりんTranscriptionsRomanizationkirinManchu nameManchu scriptᡴᡳᠯᡳᠨRomanizationkilinQilin with Rider from the Oxford College Archives of Emory University Contents 1 Origins 2 Description 2 1 Qilin as unicorns 3 Other cultural representations 3 1 East Asia 3 1 1 Japan 3 1 2 Korea 3 2 Southeast Asia 3 2 1 Thailand 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksOrigins Edit A qilin statue in Beijing s Summer Palace Qilin tomb guardian 4th century Earliest mention of this mythical horned beast is in the poem 麟之趾 Lin zhi zhǐ Feet of the Lin included in the Classic of Poetry 11th 7th c BCE 2 3 Spring and Autumn Annals mentioned that a lin 麟 was captured in the 14th year of Duke Ai of Lu 魯哀公 481 CE Zuo Zhuan credited Confucius with identifying the lin as such 4 5 6 The bisyllabic form qilin 麒麟 騏驎 which carries the same generic meaning as lin alone is attested in works dated to the Warring States period 475 221 BCE 7 Qi denotes the male and lin denotes the female 8 e g in Shuowen Jiezi 9 10 The legendary image of the qilin became associated with the image of the giraffe in the Ming dynasty 11 12 The identification of the qilin with giraffes began after Zheng He s 15th century voyage to East Africa landing among other places in modern day Somalia The Ming Dynasty bought giraffes from the Somali merchants along with zebras incense and various other exotic animals 13 Zheng He s fleet brought back two giraffes to Nanjing and they were referred to as qilins with geri meaning giraffe in Somali 14 The identification of qilin with giraffes has had a lasting influence even today the same word is used for the mythical animal and the giraffe in both Korean and Japanese 15 Axel Schuessler reconstructs 麒麟 s Old Chinese pronunciation as gerin Finnish linguist Juha Janhunen tentatively compares gerin to an etymon reconstructed as kalimV 16 denoting whale and represented in the language isolate Nivkh and four different language families Tungusic Mongolic Turkic and Samoyedic wherein kalay ә ng means whale in Nenets and kalVyǝ mammoth in Enets and Nganasan As even aborigines vaguely familiar with the underlying real animals often confuse the whale mammoth and unicorn they conceptualized the mammoth and whale as aquatic as well as the mammoth and unicorn possessing a single horn for inland populations the extant whale remains an abstraction in this respect being no different from the extinct mammoth or the truly mythical unicorn However Janhunen cautiously remarks that t he formal and semantic similarity between kilin lt gilin gilin unicorn and kalimV whale but also Samoyedic kalay mammoth is sufficient to support though perhaps not confirm the hypothesis of an etymological connection and also notes a possible connection between Old Chinese and Mongolian kers keris kiris rhinoceros Khalkha hirs 17 Description EditQilin generally have Chinese dragon like features similar heads with antlers eyes with thick eyelashes manes that always flow upward and beards The body is fully or partially scaled and often shaped like an ox deer or horse 18 19 They are always shown with cloven hooves 20 While dragons in China and thus qilin are also most commonly depicted as golden qilin may be of any color or even various colors and can be depicted as bejeweled or exhibiting a jewel like brilliance 21 The qilin is depicted throughout a wide range of Chinese art sometimes with parts of their bodies on fire 20 A Qing dynasty qilin shaped incense burner Legends tell that qilin have appeared in the garden of the legendary Yellow Emperor and in the capital of Emperor Yao both events bore testimony to the benevolent nature of the rulers 19 It has also been told that the birth of the great sage Confucius was foretold by the arrival of a qilin 1 Qilin as unicorns Edit One horned beast depicted in ceramic model from Northern Wei period 386 534 In modern times the depictions of qilin have often fused with the Western concept of unicorns Qilin 麒麟 is often translated into English as unicorn and can sometimes be depicted as having a single horn although this is misleading as qilin may also be depicted as having two horns and a separate word one horned beast 独角兽 獨角獸 Dujiǎoshou is used in modern Chinese for unicorns A number of different Chinese mythical creatures can be depicted with a single horn and a qilin even if depicted with one horn would be called a one horned qilin in Chinese not a unicorn Nevertheless the mythical and etymological connections between the creatures have been noted by various cultural studies 15 16 17 and even the Chinese government which has minted silver gold and platinum commemorative coins depicting both archetypal creatures 22 A qilin in the dragon fish and ox style of the Ming dynasty Note the pair of horns Porcelain qilin with the head and scaly body of a dragon tail of a lion and cloven hoofs like a deer its body enveloped in sacred flames Qing dynasty mid 18th century Other cultural representations EditEast Asia Edit Japan Edit Kirin which has also come to be used as the modern Japanese word for a giraffe are similar to qilin Japanese art tends to depict the kirin as more deer like than in Chinese art Alternatively it is depicted as a dragon shaped like a deer but with an ox s tail 23 instead of a lion s tail They are also often portrayed as partially unicorn like in appearance but with a backwards curving horn Korea Edit Girin or kirin 기린 is the Korean form of qilin It is described as a maned creature with the torso of a deer an ox tail with the hooves of a horse The girin were initially depicted as more deer like however over time they have transformed into more horse like 24 They were one of the four divine creatures along with the dragon phoenix and turtle Girin were extensively used in Korean royal and Buddhist arts In modern Korean the term girin is used for giraffe Southeast Asia Edit Thailand Edit In Thailand the qilin is known as gilen Thai kieln and is a member of the pantheon of Thai Himapant forest mythical animals It is most probable that the Gilen was introduced into the pantheon under the influence of the Tai Yai who came down from Southern China to settle in Siam in ancient times and the legend was probably incorporated into the Himapant legends of Siam in this manner The Gilen is a mixture of various animals which come from differing elemental environments representing elemental magical forces present within each personified creature Many of the Himapant animals actually represent gods and devas of the Celestial Realms and bodhisattvas who manifest as personifications which represent the true nature of each creature deity through the symbolism of the various body parts amalgamated into the design of the Mythical creature 25 In Phra Aphai Mani the masterpiece epic poem of Sunthorn Phu a renowned poet of the 18th century There is a monster that is Sudsakorn s steed one of the main characters in the epic This creature was called Ma Nin Mangkorn Thai manilmngkr ceylonite dragon horse it is depicted as it has diamond fangs ceylonite scales and a birthmark on the tongue It was a mixture of horse dragon deer antlers fish scales and Phaya Nak tail with has black sequins all over Its appearance resembles a qilin 26 Gallery Edit Qilin statue in Pingzhen Xinshi Park Taoyuan Taiwan A Ming era painting of a tribute giraffe which was thought to be a qilin by court officials from Bengal Plate with a qilin in the center Yuan dynasty Embroidered qilin Qing dynasty Kỳ Lan statues Bat Trang kiln Hanoi Nguyen dynasty crackle glaze ceramics at the National Museum of Vietnamese History in Hanoi Vietnam The logo of Kirin Beer features a kirin photo taken in Hiroshima Japan Qilin pendant Qilin incense burner at the World Museum in Liverpool United Kingdom An illustration of Simurgh and Qilin in Gulistan Qilin incense burner one of a pair at the World Museum in Liverpool United Kingdom Qilin depicted in the Imperial Encyclopaedia Kirin relief in Tokyo Japan A winged variant of kirin statue in Tokyo Japan Qilin ki lin as an object of worship in Yilan TaiwanSee also EditNian Chinthe Chimera Chinese dragon Chinese spiritual world concepts Fenghuang Four Holy Beasts Giraffe Longma Pixiu Questing Beast Serpopard Shaanxi Kylins Shisa Singha Sin you Sudsakorn involving a similar creature that aided the protagonist known as Mar Nin Mang Korn Unicorn Xiezhi YaliReferences Edit a b qilin Chinese mythology Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 24 July 2011 Classic of Poetry Airs of Zhou and the South Lin s Feet translated by James Legge Durrant Li amp Schaberg translators 2016 Zuo tradition Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals Seattle amp London University of Washington Press p 1920 n 292 quote It is significant that the earliest source known to mention the lin itself is Lin zhi zhi 麟之趾 or The Foot of the Lin 古建上的主要装饰纹样 麒麟 古建园林技术 作者 徐华铛 Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine Zuozhuan Duke Ai 14th year jing amp zhuan Durrant Li amp Schaberg translators 2016 Zuo tradition Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals pp 1919 1921 2021 Culture Four mythical animals in Chinese culture Publisher CGTN quote The Four Auspicious Beasts 四灵 四靈 si ling qilin long bixi fenghuang are also said to be the rulers of all the other animals The first known mention of them dates from the Warring States Period 475 BC 221 BC Cf Book of Rites Li Yun 23 quote 麟鳳龜龍 謂之四靈 ChinaKnowledge de SWJZ Radical 鹿 quote 麟 大牝鹿也 麒 仁獸也 麋身牛尾 一角 麐 牝麒也 translation Lin 麟 a large female deer Qi 麒 a humane beast With elaphure s body ox s tail and one horn Lin 麐 female qi Parker Jeannie Thomas 2018 The Mythic Chinese unicorn Victoria Friesen Press p 44 此 麟 非彼 麟 专家称萨摩麟并非传说中麒麟 傳說中的聖獸 麒麟 permanent dead link Wilson Samuel M December 1992 The Emperor s Giraffe Natural History Vol 101 no 12 pp 22 25 Archived from the original on 2 December 2008 Retrieved 14 April 2012 傳世麒麟圖考察初稿 張之傑 permanent dead link a b Parker J T The Mythic Chinese Unicorn a b Janhunen J 2011 Unicorn Mammoth Whale mythological and etymological connections of zoonyms in North and East Asia Linguistics Archaeology and the Human Past Occasional Paper 12 189 222 a b Hirs in Bolor dictionary Charger with a qilin anonymous c 1350 Rijksmuseum Retrieved 15 May 2022 a b Liscomb Kathyln 2016 CHAPTER 9 How the Giraffe Became a Qilin Intercultural Signification in Ming Dynasty Arts The Zoomorphic Imagination in Chinese Art and Culture University of Hawai i Press pp 341 378 ISBN 9780824872564 a b Bush Susan 2016 CHAPTER 2 Labeling the Creatures Some Problems in Han and Six Dynasties Iconography The Zoomorphic Imagination in Chinese Art and Culture University of Hawai i Press pp 76 77 ISBN 9780824872564 Yoshida Masako 2014 Trade Stories Chinese Export Embroideries in the Metropolitan Museum Metropolitan Museum Journal 49 1 4 5 doi 10 1086 680031 JSTOR 10 1086 680031 S2CID 192217718 via JSTOR 5 Yuan China en numista com Numista Retrieved 13 December 2017 Griffis William Elliot October 2007 The Religions of Japan Bibliobazaar p 39 ISBN 978 1 4264 9918 0 기린 네이버캐스트 Taep Payatorn Riding Qilin Himapant Lion Hlang Yant Nuea Pong Maha Sanaeh Luan Ajarn Warut Wat Pong Wonaram Buddha Magic Multimedia amp Publications Retrieved 12 January 2016 Pralongchoeng Gilen 20 September 2014 mamngkr Dragon horse Thai Rath in Thai Retrieved 7 August 2021 External links Edit Media related to Qilin at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Qilin amp oldid 1127668801, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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