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Polymer banknote

Polymer banknotes are banknotes made from a synthetic polymer such as biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP). Such notes incorporate many security features not available in paper banknotes, including the use of metameric inks.[1] Polymer banknotes last significantly longer than paper notes, causing a decrease in environmental impact and a reduced cost of production and replacement.[2] Modern polymer banknotes were first developed by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and The University of Melbourne. They were first issued as currency in Australia during 1988 (coinciding with Australia's bicentennial year); by 1996, the Australian dollar was switched completely to polymer banknotes. Romania was the first country in Europe to issue a plastic note in 1999 and became the third country after Australia and New Zealand to fully convert to polymer by 2003.

Banknotes of the Australian dollar in a wallet. In 1988, Australia was the first country to introduce polymer banknotes for circulation.

Other currencies that have been switched completely to polymer banknotes include: the Vietnamese đồng (2006) although this is only applied to banknotes with denominations above 5,000 đồng, the Brunei dollar (2006), the Nigerian Naira (2007), the Papua New Guinean kina (2008), the Canadian dollar (2013), the Maldivian rufiyaa (2017), the Mauritanian ouguiya (2017), the Nicaraguan córdoba (2017), the Vanuatu vatu (2017), the Eastern Caribbean dollar (2019), the pound sterling (2021) and the Barbadian dollar (2022). Several countries and regions have now introduced polymer banknotes into commemorative or general circulation, including: Nigeria, Cape Verde, Chile, The Gambia, Trinidad and Tobago, Vietnam, Mexico, Singapore, Malaysia, Botswana, São Tomé and Príncipe, North Macedonia, Russia, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Morocco, Albania, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, Israel, China, Taiwan, Kuwait, Mozambique, Saudi Arabia, Isle of Man, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Libya, Mauritius, Costa Rica, Honduras, Angola, Namibia, Lebanon, the Philippines, and Egypt.

History

In the 1980s, Canadian engineering company AGRA Vadeko and US chemical company US Mobil Chemical Company developed a polymer substrate trademarked as DuraNote. It had been tested by the Bank of Canada in the 1980s and 1990s; test C$ 20 and C$ 50 banknotes were auctioned in October 2012.[3][4] It was also tested by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing of the United States Department of the Treasury in 1997 and 1998, when 40,000 test banknotes were printed and evaluated; and was evaluated by the central banks of 28 countries.[3]

Security features

Polymer banknotes usually have three levels of security devices. Primary security devices are easily recognisable by consumers and may include intaglio, metal strips, and the clear areas of the banknote. Secondary security devices are detectable by a machine. Tertiary security devices may only be detectable by the issuing authority when a banknote is returned.[5]

Adoption

Modern polymer banknotes were first developed by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation or CSIRO and first issued as currency in Australia during 1988, to coincide with Australia's bicentennial year.[6]

In August 2012, Nigeria's Central Bank attempted the switch back from polymer to paper banknotes,[7] saying there were "significant difficulties associated with the processing and destruction of the polymer banknotes" which had "constrained the realisation of the benefits expected from polymer banknotes over paper notes".[8] However, President Goodluck Jonathan halted the process in September 2012.[9]

The polymer notes in the Republic of Mauritius are available in values of MRs. 25, MRs. 50, MRs. 500 and MRs. 2,000. The Fiji FJ$5 was issued[10] in April 2013.

In the United Kingdom, the first polymer banknotes were issued by the Northern Bank in Northern Ireland in 2000; these were a special commemorative issue bearing an image of the Space Shuttle.[Note 1] In March 2015, the Clydesdale Bank in Scotland began to issue polymer Sterling £5 notes marking the 125th anniversary of the building of the Forth Bridge.[11] These were the first polymer notes to enter general circulation in the UK.[12] The Royal Bank of Scotland followed in 2016 with a new issue of plastic £5 notes illustrated with a picture of author Nan Shepherd.[13] In September 2016, the Bank of England began to issue £5 polymer notes with a picture of Winston Churchill; and in 2017 a polymer £10 began replacing its paper equivalent, featuring a picture of the author Jane Austen. A polymer £20 was issued in 2020 with a picture of J.M.W. Turner. The Bank of England has said it plans to change the final note, £50, to a polymer note. Although the new Bank of England notes will be 15% smaller than the older, paper issue, they will bear a similar design.[14][15] Some businesses operating in the UK cash industry have opposed the switch to polymer, citing a lack of research into the cost impact of its introduction.[16]

In the Philippines, it was proposed in 2009 to shift to the usage of polymer for Philippine peso banknotes. This did not push through due to concern the shift would have over the impact to country's abaca industry. The proposal was revived in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic since the polymer banknotes can be sanitized with less damage compared to paper banknotes, as well as other reasons such as durability, lesser average issue cost, and lesser susceptibility to counterfeiting. In April 2022, The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas officially released the 1000 peso bill polymer bank note into circulation.[17]


Timeline of adoptions and withdrawals of polymer banknotes
Country Date of first introduction Notes
N/A early 1980s An alternative polymer of polyethylene fibres marketed as Tyvek by DuPont was developed for use as currency by the American Bank Note Company in the early 1980s.
  Haiti 1982 Haiti released Tyvek-made Gourde banknotes in denominations of 1, 2, 50, 100, 250 & 500. The same denominations and a 5 Gourdes banknote were also released on paper.[18]
  Costa Rica 1983 Costa Rica issued a 20 Colones Tyvek banknote.
  Isle of Man 1983 The Isle of Man issued a 1 Pound banknote, this time called Bradvek and printed by Bradbury Wilkinson.
N/A Late 1980s Tyvek did not perform well in trials; smudging of ink and fragility were reported as problems, so production of Tyvek banknotes was discontinued.[19]
  Australia 1988[citation needed] Australia introduced the ten-dollar note to celebrate its bicentennial. This was the world's first true polymer banknote.[20]
  Singapore 1990 Singapore issued a S$50 in polymer substrate to commemorate the 25th Anniversary of Independence.
  Papua New Guinea 1991 Papua New Guinea issued its first 2 Kinas banknote in polymer substrate to commemorate the 9th South Pacific Games held in the country.[21]
  Indonesia 1993 Indonesia issued a Rp 50,000 commemorative banknote in conjunction with the 25 Years of Development by President Soeharto which is the first polymer banknote issued by Bank Indonesia.[22]
  Brunei 1996 Brunei introduced its first polymer banknotes in denominations of 1, 5, 10 dollars.[23]
  Sri Lanka 4 February 1998 Sri Lanka issued a SL Rs. 200 commemorative banknote in conjunction with the 50th Anniversary of Independence which is so far the only polymer banknote issued by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.[24]
  Australia 1996 Australia had converted all of its denominations into polymer banknotes and became the first country in the world to do so.[25]
  Thailand 18 August 1997 Thailand issued its first polymer banknote, a 50 Baht denomination. On 1 October 2004 it was replaced by a redesigned version printed on paper.[26]
  Malaysia 1998 Malaysia issued a RM 50 commemorative banknote in conjunction with the XVI Commonwealth Games, the first polymer banknote ever issued by Bank Negara Malaysia.[27]
  New Zealand May 1999 New Zealand converted all of its banknotes into polymer banknotes.[28]
  Taiwan June 1999 Taiwan issued its first polymer banknote (NT$50) to commemorate 50 years of the New Taiwan dollar's issuance.[29]
  Romania August 1999 In celebration of the total solar eclipse of August 11, 1999, the National Bank of Romania (BNR) decided to issue a commemorative two thousand Romanian lei banknote. Since it was the last eclipse of the millennium, the denomination was chosen to be 2000 in respect to the upcoming year. These notes were issued as legal tender.[30]
  Indonesia 1 November 1999 Bank Indonesia introduced a Rp 100,000 polymer banknote in circulation, the first banknote of such value to be issued.[31]
  Brazil April 2000 Brazil introduced a R$10 polymer banknote as a special edition issue commemorating the country's 500th anniversary.[32]
  Bangladesh January 2001 Bangladesh introduced the 10 taka polymer banknote, originally they were due to be issued on Victory day, a day big for Bangladeshis, but were delayed.[33]
  Kingdom of Nepal February 2002 The Kingdom of Nepal introduced a commemorative 10 rupees polymer banknote, on the occasion of King Gyanendra's accession to the Nepalese throne after the Nepalese royal massacre. It was rendered obsolete when the Kingdom fell and was replaced by 2008.[34]
  Mexico September 2002 Mexico switched the 20 peso denomination from paper to polymer banknotes.[35] and they issued a 100 peso with vertical design polymer banknote in 2020.[36]
  Romania 2003 Romania converted all of its denominations of the leu to polymer,[37] becoming the first European country to do so.
  Vietnam December 2003 Vietnam adopted polymer banknote in denominations of 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, 100,000, 200,000 and 500,000 đồng for general circulation.[38]
  Malaysia October 2004 Bank Negara Malaysia introduces a 5 ringgit polymer banknote into circulation, with the same design as the paper version. This was the first non-commemorative polymer banknote to be issued. Both polymer and paper versions were in circulation concurrently.[39]
  Indonesia November 2004 Bank Indonesia switched its Rp100,000 polymer banknote into a paper banknote with a different design than the polymer version.[40]
  Romania July 2005 Romania redenominated the leu, removing four zeroes and issuing a series of new denominations in polymer.[41]
  Mexico 2006 Two more new polymer notes issued in 2006, for 20-pesos (new design) and the 50-pesos[42] and they issued a 100 peso with vertical design polymer banknote in 2020.[43]
  Brunei 2006 Brunei had adopted polymer banknotes for all of its banknote denominations.
  Australia 2006 The Australian Government agency CSIRO issued a non-legal tender polymer note to celebrate the 80th year of the formation of CSIRO. These notes were issued and distributed to staff members and at selected public events.[44]
  Vietnam August 2006 Vietnam adopted polymer banknote in 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, 100,000, 200,000 and 500,000 đồng for general circulation.[45]
  Romania 1 December 2006 The National Bank of Romania issued a new denomination, 200 lei.[46]
  Hong Kong 2007 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region issued polymer banknotes for the first time. The banknotes are in HK$ 10.[47]
  Nigeria February 2007 As part of the Nigerian economic reforms, the 20 naira note was issued for the first time in polymer substrate.[48]
  Guatemala August 2007 Guatemala introduced polymer banknotes in denominations of 1 quetzal and 5 quetzales.[49]
  Nicaragua 2008 An announcement from the Central Bank of Nicaragua in 2008 stated that a new 200 Córdoba banknote would be in circulation.[50][51]
  Israel 13 April 2008 Israel started to issue 20 ILS banknotes, due to the high deterioration of 20 ILS paper banknotes. The Israeli polymer notes are printed by Orell Füssli Security Printing of Zürich, Switzerland.[52]
  Romania 1 December 2008 The National Bank of Romania issued a revised 10 lei banknote.
  Nicaragua 2009 On 15 May, Nicaragua released new polymer ten and twenty Nicaragua córdoba banknotes to replace their paper counterparts.[53] After an announcement from the Central Bank of Nicaragua in 2008 stated that a new 200 Córdoba banknote would be in circulation, it took the country an additional year to prepare its new set of banknotes. A new polymer two hundred and a hundred córdoba banknote was first issued on the first of June 2009. In December 2009, a new 50 banknote was released, later followed by a new 500 banknote that was issued on 12 January 2010.[54][51]
  India September 2009 The Reserve Bank of India announced that it will introduce 1 billion 10-rupee notes.[55]
  Chile September 2009 The Central Bank of Chile introduced a new series of the Chilean peso, starting with the redesigned 5000 Pesos banknote.[56]
  Nigeria 30 September 2009 Three Nigerian bank notes (₦50, ₦10 and ₦5) were converted to polymer substrate following the successful performance of the 20 naira (polymer) banknote.[48]
  Nicaragua 12 January 2010 Nicaragua released a new 500 banknote.[57][51]
  Dominican Republic June 2010 The Central Bank of the Dominican Republic announced the introduction of a new polymer based 20 pesos note.[58]
  Chile October 2010 The Central Bank of Chile announced the redesigned 2000 Pesos that went into circulation on 20 November, as a program to change the old designs and make them more secure.[59]
  Canada November 2011 The Bank of Canada introduced the Frontier Series $100 polymer banknote to modernise its currency and reduce counterfeiting.[60] $50 banknotes were put into circulation in March 2012; the $20 note was put into circulation on 7 November 2012[61] with the $10 and $5 denominations released on 7 November 2013.[62][63]
  Guatemala November 2011 Guatemala introduced new polymer banknote in denomination of 5 quetzales.[64]
  Malaysia 16 July 2012 Bank Negara Malaysia put new RM1 and RM5 polymer banknotes into circulation as part of a new banknote series.[65]
  England 2013 The Bank of England announced that it would adopt polymer notes.[66]
  India April 2013 The Reserve Bank of India introduced plastic/polymer currency note of 10 on a field trial basis in five cities in India.[67]
  Mauritius 22 August 2013 The Bank of Mauritius issued new 25-, 50-, and 500-rupee polymer banknotes which will circulate in parallel with the existing paper notes of the same denominations. The new polymer notes have almost the same design as the preceding paper banknotes, but contain numerous new security features such as transparent windows showing the image of the dodo, numbers printed with magnetic ink which become fluorescent under ultra violet light, and swing features printed in iridescent ink, which change to a different colour when observed in transparency or when tilted. The 25-, and 50-rupee notes are printed by Oberthur Technologies on Innovia Security's Guardian substrate and the 500-rupee note is printed by De La Rue on its Safeguard (formerly Flexycoin) substrate.[68]
  Lebanon 22 November 2013 The Banque du Liban issued a £L50,000 banknote in polymer to commemorate the country's 70th anniversary of independence.[69]
  Lebanon 2014 The Banque du Liban issued a £L50,000 banknote in polymer to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Banque du Liban.[70]
  Vanuatu 2014 The Reserve Bank of Vanuatu introduced polymer banknotes in denominations of 200, 1,000 and 2,000 vatu.[71]
  Poland 5 August 2014 The National Bank of Poland issued 50,000 20zł. polymer banknotes to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the formation of the Polish Legions.[72]
  Gambia 20 July 2014 The Central Bank of the Gambia issued a 20 Dalasis banknote printed on De La Rue's Safeguard polymer substrate. It commemorates "20 Years of Progress and Self-Reliance", coinciding with President Yahya Jammeh's 20 years in office as president.[73][74]
  Mauritania 28 November 2014 The Central Bank of Mauritania issued a 1,000 Ouguiya banknote on Innovia Security's Guardian substrate.[75]
  Trinidad & Tobago 15 December 2014 The Central Bank of Trinidad & Tobago issued a TT$50 note printed on polymer to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Central Bank of Trinidad & Tobago.[76]
  Cape Verde 23 December 2014 The Banco de Cabo Verde issued a new family of escudo banknotes that honour Cape Verdean figures in the fields of literature, music, and politics. One note in the new series is the 200 escudos banknote, now printed on polymer.[77]
  New Zealand 2015 The Reserve Bank of New Zealand introduced a new family of notes with improved security features, with the 5 and 10 in October 2015, and the 20, 50 and 100 dollar banknotes in April 2016.[78][79]
  Scotland 2015 Clydesdale Bank issued two million £5 notes, printed in polymer. It features a portrait of Sir William Arrol and an image of the Forth Bridge.[80]
  India 2015 The Reserve Bank of India announced plans to introduce polymer banknotes on a pilot basis and improve security features to defeat the efforts of counterfeiters.[81]
  Lebanon 2015 The Banque du Liban issued a £L50,000 banknote in polymer to commemorate the 70th Anniversary of the Lebanese Army.[82]
  Papua New Guinea 2015 The Bank of Papua New Guinea issued 10 and 20 kina notes in polymer, one to commemorate the XV Pacific Games and the other to commemorate the 40th Anniversary of Papua New Guinean independence.[83][84]
  Maldives 2015 The Maldives Authority Monetary introduced a new family of banknotes printed on De La Rue's "Safeguard" polymer substrate. A commemorative 5,000 Rufiyaa banknote was issued in July 2015, and followed by the 5-,10-, 20-, 50-, 100-, 500 and a new denomination of 1,000 Rufiyaa in October 2015.[85][86][87]
  Singapore 2015 The Monetary Authority of Singapore issued a set of polymer banknotes to commemorate the nation's 50th Anniversary of independence. It consists of five S$10 notes and a commemorative S$50 note.[88]
  Nicaragua 2015 The Banco Central de Nicaragua issued a new family of notes on 26 October 2015. They are printed in polymer, except for the 500 cordobas banknote, which is printed on cotton paper substrate.[89][90]
  Canada 9 September 2015 The Bank of Canada (Banque du Canada) issued a C$ 20 polymer banknote to commemorate Queen Elizabeth II's milestone as the longest-reigning monarch in Canada's modern era. It is similar to the regular issue 20-dollar Frontier Series polymer note, but the notable features for the commemorative note are the metallic portrait of the queen, based on a photograph taken by renowned Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh, the metallic symbol including the Queen's monogram surmounted by the St. Edward's crown, surrounded by a garland of maple leaves and the text "A HISTORIC REIGN • UN RÈGNE HISTORIQUE" repeated at the top, center and bottom of the large window.[91]
  Gibraltar 2016 The Government of Gibraltar issued a £100 polymer banknote to commemorate Sir Joshua Hassan's 22 years as Chief Minister in the first half of 2016.[92]
  Scotland 2016 The Royal Bank of Scotland issued £5 and £10 banknotes in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The notes were printed on De La Rue's Safeguard polymer substrate.[93]
  Australia 1 September 2016 The Reserve Bank of Australia issued a A$ 5 polymer note with improved security features and a tactile feature to assist those with visual impairments.[94]
  England 13 September 2016 The Bank of England began issuing the new polymer £5 note, the first to be issued in England and Wales.[95]
  India 17 March 2017 The Reserve Bank of India announced that it will do trials of polymer 10 notes at five locations in India.[96]
  Canada 1 June 2017 The Bank of Canada (Banque du Canada) unveiled a C$ 10 polymer banknote to commemorate the 150th anniversary of confederation.[97]
  England September 2017 The Bank of England issued a new polymer £10 note.[98]
  São Tomé and Príncipe 2018 The Banco Central de Sao Tome and Principe issued polymer banknotes in denominations of 5 and 10 dobras.[99]
  North Macedonia 2018 The National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia issued 10- and 50-denari polymer banknotes as part of a new series.[100]
  Mauritius 2018 The Bank of Mauritius has issued a 2,000-rupees banknote printed on polymer substrate and with revised security features, while at the same time all previous versions of the 2,000-rupees paper banknote ceased being legal tender by the end of January 2019.[101]
  Romania 1 January 2018 The National Bank of Romania issued all denominations with the new (revised) coat of arms of Romania. All the other features remained unchanged for all the denominations.[102]
  Uruguay September 2018 The Central Bank of Uruguay (BCU) printed a special and experimental edition of polymer banknotes with a value of 50 UYU to test reception and to celebrate the bank's 50th anniversary, that was in 2017, producing 10,000,000 units.[103]
  Morocco 2019 The Central bank of Morocco introduced a 20 dirham polymer banknote to mark 20 years of enthronement of Mohammed VI.[104]
  Albania 2019 The Bank of Albania introduced a new 200 Lek polymer banknote on 30 September 2019.[105]
  Libya 17 February 2019 The Central Bank of Libya has issued a 1 Dinar banknote on 17 February 2019, in commemoration of the 8th Anniversary of the Libyan Revolution of 2011.[106]
  Northern Ireland 27 February 2019 Bank of Ireland, Danske Bank and Ulster Bank, commercial banks in Northern Ireland, each issued a new series of pound banknotes on polymer substrate for general use in Northern Ireland on 27 February 2019.[107]
  Samoa June 2019 The Central Bank of Samoa announced the release of a new 10 Tala polymer banknote in June 2019, to commemorate the XVI Pacific Games 2019 which were held in Samoa from 7 July 2019. The 10 Tala banknote will be the second polymer banknote issued in Samoa and the first carbon offset banknote created from the polymer substrate. The new banknote is one of a kind for Samoa as it will have a horizontal front and a vertical back. The banknote will feature a see through window depicting the Pacific Games logo, and a tactile embossed feature to assist the visually impaired, both are unique features of polymer banknotes. The standard banknote prefix has been replaced with the special PG/XVI prefix denoting "XVI Pacific Game". Issuance of the new 10 Tala note will commence the last week of June 2019, and will co-circulate together with the existing 10 tala banknotes which will remain legal tender.[108]
  Trinidad and Tobago 9 December 2019 The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago issued a TT$100 polymer banknote for circulation on 9 December 2019, while announcing that all versions of the paper TT$100 banknotes will be demonetized and withdrawn from circulation on 31 December 2019.[109]
  England 20 February 2020 The Bank of England issued a £20 polymer banknote. This the third banknote in the new series.[110]
  Namibia 25 March 2020 The Bank of Namibia issued a 30 dollar polymer banknote to commemorate 30 years of independence.[111]
  Angola 7 July 2020 National Bank of Angola issued 200, 500, 1000, 2000 Kwanzas banknotes on polymer substrate.[112]
  Costa Rica 25 July 2020 The Banco Central de Costa Rica issued a new family of polymer banknote in denominations of 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000 and 20,000 colones.[113][114]
  Trinidad and Tobago 30 September 2020 The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago issued a new polymer banknote family in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 dollars.[115]
  Saudi Arabia 4 October 2020 The Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority has announced the five riyals banknote will be switched to polymer, replacing the current paper banknote, without any announcement on the other banknotes. The banknote was said to feature more environmentally friendly materials and additional security features, in addition to a much longer lifespan.[116]
  Mexico 21 November 2020 The Banco de Mexico released a 100 peso polymer banknote as a part of new series.[117]
  Lebanon 5 December 2020 The Banque du Liban released a £L100,000 polymer banknote in circulation to commemorate the centenary of the establishment of Greater Lebanon.[118]
  Cape Verde 8 January 2021 The Bank of Cape Verde introduced a new 200-escudo note like the preceding issue printed in polymer, but printed on cotton paper.[119]
  England 23 June 2021 The Bank of England issued a £50 polymer banknote, completing sterling's transition from paper to polymer notes. This the fourth and final Series G banknote to be issued.[120]
  Romania 1 December 2021 The National bank of Romania introduced a new 20 lei banknote, depicting World War I hero Ecaterina Teodoroiu.[121]
  United Arab Emirates 7 December 2021 The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates introduced the country's first polymer banknote - a redesigned Dh50 note to commemorate the golden jubilee of the country on 2 December 2021.[122]
  Barbados 21 March 2022 The Central Bank of Barbados announced its intent to replace the current paper banknotes with a newly designed polymer version by the end of the year.[123] The new designs of the polymer banknotes were revealed on 4 May 2022 and the notes were rolled out 5 December 2022 as scheduled.[124][125]
  Thailand 24 March 2022 The Bank of Thailand started issuing ฿20 polymer banknotes bearing the image of Rama X. It is done to improve its quality as it is the most widely used banknote and hence it is prone to sustained damage.[126]
  Philippines 18 April 2022 The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas started issuing the 1000-piso polymer banknote, the country's first polymer banknote. These banknotes began the phased issuance to banks, with the release of a limited quantity.[127]
  United Arab Emirates 21 and 26 April 2022 The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates started issuing new, redesigned Dh5 and Dh10 polymer currency notes. The ten dirham banknote entered circulation on Thursday 21 April and the five dirham banknote entered circulation on Tuesday 26 April.[128] Following that, it was announced that the Dh1000 note will also be replaced and circulation will start on the first half of 2023.[129]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Although the £5 Northern Bank polymer banknote was a one-off commemorative issued, unconventionally, in portrait orientation to mark the year 2000, it was in general circulation, with normal serial numbers (the commemorative version has serial numbers beginning with "Y2K", normal versions with "MM").[citation needed] It is the only Northern Bank note currently in circulation which was not affected by the recall of all the bank's notes as a result of the 26.5 million pound raid on its Belfast headquarters on 20 December 2004.[citation needed]

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External links

polymer, banknote, banknotes, made, from, synthetic, polymer, such, biaxially, oriented, polypropylene, bopp, such, notes, incorporate, many, security, features, available, paper, banknotes, including, metameric, inks, last, significantly, longer, than, paper,. Polymer banknotes are banknotes made from a synthetic polymer such as biaxially oriented polypropylene BOPP Such notes incorporate many security features not available in paper banknotes including the use of metameric inks 1 Polymer banknotes last significantly longer than paper notes causing a decrease in environmental impact and a reduced cost of production and replacement 2 Modern polymer banknotes were first developed by the Reserve Bank of Australia RBA Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CSIRO and The University of Melbourne They were first issued as currency in Australia during 1988 coinciding with Australia s bicentennial year by 1996 the Australian dollar was switched completely to polymer banknotes Romania was the first country in Europe to issue a plastic note in 1999 and became the third country after Australia and New Zealand to fully convert to polymer by 2003 Banknotes of the Australian dollar in a wallet In 1988 Australia was the first country to introduce polymer banknotes for circulation Other currencies that have been switched completely to polymer banknotes include the Vietnamese đồng 2006 although this is only applied to banknotes with denominations above 5 000 đồng the Brunei dollar 2006 the Nigerian Naira 2007 the Papua New Guinean kina 2008 the Canadian dollar 2013 the Maldivian rufiyaa 2017 the Mauritanian ouguiya 2017 the Nicaraguan cordoba 2017 the Vanuatu vatu 2017 the Eastern Caribbean dollar 2019 the pound sterling 2021 and the Barbadian dollar 2022 Several countries and regions have now introduced polymer banknotes into commemorative or general circulation including Nigeria Cape Verde Chile The Gambia Trinidad and Tobago Vietnam Mexico Singapore Malaysia Botswana Sao Tome and Principe North Macedonia Russia Solomon Islands Samoa Morocco Albania Sri Lanka Hong Kong Israel China Taiwan Kuwait Mozambique Saudi Arabia Isle of Man Guatemala Haiti Jamaica Libya Mauritius Costa Rica Honduras Angola Namibia Lebanon the Philippines and Egypt Contents 1 History 2 Security features 3 Adoption 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditIn the 1980s Canadian engineering company AGRA Vadeko and US chemical company US Mobil Chemical Company developed a polymer substrate trademarked as DuraNote It had been tested by the Bank of Canada in the 1980s and 1990s test C 20 and C 50 banknotes were auctioned in October 2012 3 4 It was also tested by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing of the United States Department of the Treasury in 1997 and 1998 when 40 000 test banknotes were printed and evaluated and was evaluated by the central banks of 28 countries 3 Security features EditPolymer banknotes usually have three levels of security devices Primary security devices are easily recognisable by consumers and may include intaglio metal strips and the clear areas of the banknote Secondary security devices are detectable by a machine Tertiary security devices may only be detectable by the issuing authority when a banknote is returned 5 Adoption EditModern polymer banknotes were first developed by the Reserve Bank of Australia RBA and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation or CSIRO and first issued as currency in Australia during 1988 to coincide with Australia s bicentennial year 6 In August 2012 Nigeria s Central Bank attempted the switch back from polymer to paper banknotes 7 saying there were significant difficulties associated with the processing and destruction of the polymer banknotes which had constrained the realisation of the benefits expected from polymer banknotes over paper notes 8 However President Goodluck Jonathan halted the process in September 2012 9 The polymer notes in the Republic of Mauritius are available in values of MRs 25 MRs 50 MRs 500 and MRs 2 000 The Fiji FJ 5 was issued 10 in April 2013 In the United Kingdom the first polymer banknotes were issued by the Northern Bank in Northern Ireland in 2000 these were a special commemorative issue bearing an image of the Space Shuttle Note 1 In March 2015 the Clydesdale Bank in Scotland began to issue polymer Sterling 5 notes marking the 125th anniversary of the building of the Forth Bridge 11 These were the first polymer notes to enter general circulation in the UK 12 The Royal Bank of Scotland followed in 2016 with a new issue of plastic 5 notes illustrated with a picture of author Nan Shepherd 13 In September 2016 the Bank of England began to issue 5 polymer notes with a picture of Winston Churchill and in 2017 a polymer 10 began replacing its paper equivalent featuring a picture of the author Jane Austen A polymer 20 was issued in 2020 with a picture of J M W Turner The Bank of England has said it plans to change the final note 50 to a polymer note Although the new Bank of England notes will be 15 smaller than the older paper issue they will bear a similar design 14 15 Some businesses operating in the UK cash industry have opposed the switch to polymer citing a lack of research into the cost impact of its introduction 16 In the Philippines it was proposed in 2009 to shift to the usage of polymer for Philippine peso banknotes This did not push through due to concern the shift would have over the impact to country s abaca industry The proposal was revived in 2021 during the COVID 19 pandemic since the polymer banknotes can be sanitized with less damage compared to paper banknotes as well as other reasons such as durability lesser average issue cost and lesser susceptibility to counterfeiting In April 2022 The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas officially released the 1000 peso bill polymer bank note into circulation 17 Timeline of adoptions and withdrawals of polymer banknotes Country Date of first introduction NotesN A early 1980s An alternative polymer of polyethylene fibres marketed as Tyvek by DuPont was developed for use as currency by the American Bank Note Company in the early 1980s Haiti 1982 Haiti released Tyvek made Gourde banknotes in denominations of 1 2 50 100 250 amp 500 The same denominations and a 5 Gourdes banknote were also released on paper 18 Costa Rica 1983 Costa Rica issued a 20 Colones Tyvek banknote Isle of Man 1983 The Isle of Man issued a 1 Pound banknote this time called Bradvek and printed by Bradbury Wilkinson N A Late 1980s Tyvek did not perform well in trials smudging of ink and fragility were reported as problems so production of Tyvek banknotes was discontinued 19 Australia 1988 citation needed Australia introduced the ten dollar note to celebrate its bicentennial This was the world s first true polymer banknote 20 Singapore 1990 Singapore issued a S 50 in polymer substrate to commemorate the 25th Anniversary of Independence Papua New Guinea 1991 Papua New Guinea issued its first 2 Kinas banknote in polymer substrate to commemorate the 9th South Pacific Games held in the country 21 Indonesia 1993 Indonesia issued a Rp 50 000 commemorative banknote in conjunction with the 25 Years of Development by President Soeharto which is the first polymer banknote issued by Bank Indonesia 22 Brunei 1996 Brunei introduced its first polymer banknotes in denominations of 1 5 10 dollars 23 Sri Lanka 4 February 1998 Sri Lanka issued a SL Rs 200 commemorative banknote in conjunction with the 50th Anniversary of Independence which is so far the only polymer banknote issued by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka 24 Australia 1996 Australia had converted all of its denominations into polymer banknotes and became the first country in the world to do so 25 Thailand 18 August 1997 Thailand issued its first polymer banknote a 50 Baht denomination On 1 October 2004 it was replaced by a redesigned version printed on paper 26 Malaysia 1998 Malaysia issued a RM 50 commemorative banknote in conjunction with the XVI Commonwealth Games the first polymer banknote ever issued by Bank Negara Malaysia 27 New Zealand May 1999 New Zealand converted all of its banknotes into polymer banknotes 28 Taiwan June 1999 Taiwan issued its first polymer banknote NT 50 to commemorate 50 years of the New Taiwan dollar s issuance 29 Romania August 1999 In celebration of the total solar eclipse of August 11 1999 the National Bank of Romania BNR decided to issue a commemorative two thousand Romanian lei banknote Since it was the last eclipse of the millennium the denomination was chosen to be 2000 in respect to the upcoming year These notes were issued as legal tender 30 Indonesia 1 November 1999 Bank Indonesia introduced a Rp 100 000 polymer banknote in circulation the first banknote of such value to be issued 31 Brazil April 2000 Brazil introduced a R 10 polymer banknote as a special edition issue commemorating the country s 500th anniversary 32 Bangladesh January 2001 Bangladesh introduced the 10 taka polymer banknote originally they were due to be issued on Victory day a day big for Bangladeshis but were delayed 33 Kingdom of Nepal February 2002 The Kingdom of Nepal introduced a commemorative 10 rupees polymer banknote on the occasion of King Gyanendra s accession to the Nepalese throne after the Nepalese royal massacre It was rendered obsolete when the Kingdom fell and was replaced by 2008 34 Mexico September 2002 Mexico switched the 20 peso denomination from paper to polymer banknotes 35 and they issued a 100 peso with vertical design polymer banknote in 2020 36 Romania 2003 Romania converted all of its denominations of the leu to polymer 37 becoming the first European country to do so Vietnam December 2003 Vietnam adopted polymer banknote in denominations of 10 000 20 000 50 000 100 000 200 000 and 500 000 đồng for general circulation 38 Malaysia October 2004 Bank Negara Malaysia introduces a 5 ringgit polymer banknote into circulation with the same design as the paper version This was the first non commemorative polymer banknote to be issued Both polymer and paper versions were in circulation concurrently 39 Indonesia November 2004 Bank Indonesia switched its Rp100 000 polymer banknote into a paper banknote with a different design than the polymer version 40 Romania July 2005 Romania redenominated the leu removing four zeroes and issuing a series of new denominations in polymer 41 Mexico 2006 Two more new polymer notes issued in 2006 for 20 pesos new design and the 50 pesos 42 and they issued a 100 peso with vertical design polymer banknote in 2020 43 Brunei 2006 Brunei had adopted polymer banknotes for all of its banknote denominations Australia 2006 The Australian Government agency CSIRO issued a non legal tender polymer note to celebrate the 80th year of the formation of CSIRO These notes were issued and distributed to staff members and at selected public events 44 Vietnam August 2006 Vietnam adopted polymer banknote in 10 000 20 000 50 000 100 000 200 000 and 500 000 đồng for general circulation 45 Romania 1 December 2006 The National Bank of Romania issued a new denomination 200 lei 46 Hong Kong 2007 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region issued polymer banknotes for the first time The banknotes are in HK 10 47 Nigeria February 2007 As part of the Nigerian economic reforms the 20 naira note was issued for the first time in polymer substrate 48 Guatemala August 2007 Guatemala introduced polymer banknotes in denominations of 1 quetzal and 5 quetzales 49 Nicaragua 2008 An announcement from the Central Bank of Nicaragua in 2008 stated that a new 200 Cordoba banknote would be in circulation 50 51 Israel 13 April 2008 Israel started to issue 20 ILS banknotes due to the high deterioration of 20 ILS paper banknotes The Israeli polymer notes are printed by Orell Fussli Security Printing of Zurich Switzerland 52 Romania 1 December 2008 The National Bank of Romania issued a revised 10 lei banknote Nicaragua 2009 On 15 May Nicaragua released new polymer ten and twenty Nicaragua cordoba banknotes to replace their paper counterparts 53 After an announcement from the Central Bank of Nicaragua in 2008 stated that a new 200 Cordoba banknote would be in circulation it took the country an additional year to prepare its new set of banknotes A new polymer two hundred and a hundred cordoba banknote was first issued on the first of June 2009 In December 2009 a new 50 banknote was released later followed by a new 500 banknote that was issued on 12 January 2010 54 51 India September 2009 The Reserve Bank of India announced that it will introduce 1 billion 10 rupee notes 55 Chile September 2009 The Central Bank of Chile introduced a new series of the Chilean peso starting with the redesigned 5000 Pesos banknote 56 Nigeria 30 September 2009 Three Nigerian bank notes 50 10 and 5 were converted to polymer substrate following the successful performance of the 20 naira polymer banknote 48 Nicaragua 12 January 2010 Nicaragua released a new 500 banknote 57 51 Dominican Republic June 2010 The Central Bank of the Dominican Republic announced the introduction of a new polymer based 20 pesos note 58 Chile October 2010 The Central Bank of Chile announced the redesigned 2000 Pesos that went into circulation on 20 November as a program to change the old designs and make them more secure 59 Canada November 2011 The Bank of Canada introduced the Frontier Series 100 polymer banknote to modernise its currency and reduce counterfeiting 60 50 banknotes were put into circulation in March 2012 the 20 note was put into circulation on 7 November 2012 61 with the 10 and 5 denominations released on 7 November 2013 62 63 Guatemala November 2011 Guatemala introduced new polymer banknote in denomination of 5 quetzales 64 Malaysia 16 July 2012 Bank Negara Malaysia put new RM1 and RM5 polymer banknotes into circulation as part of a new banknote series 65 England 2013 The Bank of England announced that it would adopt polymer notes 66 India April 2013 The Reserve Bank of India introduced plastic polymer currency note of 10 on a field trial basis in five cities in India 67 Mauritius 22 August 2013 The Bank of Mauritius issued new 25 50 and 500 rupee polymer banknotes which will circulate in parallel with the existing paper notes of the same denominations The new polymer notes have almost the same design as the preceding paper banknotes but contain numerous new security features such as transparent windows showing the image of the dodo numbers printed with magnetic ink which become fluorescent under ultra violet light and swing features printed in iridescent ink which change to a different colour when observed in transparency or when tilted The 25 and 50 rupee notes are printed by Oberthur Technologies on Innovia Security s Guardian substrate and the 500 rupee note is printed by De La Rue on its Safeguard formerly Flexycoin substrate 68 Lebanon 22 November 2013 The Banque du Liban issued a L50 000 banknote in polymer to commemorate the country s 70th anniversary of independence 69 Lebanon 2014 The Banque du Liban issued a L50 000 banknote in polymer to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Banque du Liban 70 Vanuatu 2014 The Reserve Bank of Vanuatu introduced polymer banknotes in denominations of 200 1 000 and 2 000 vatu 71 Poland 5 August 2014 The National Bank of Poland issued 50 000 20zl polymer banknotes to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the formation of the Polish Legions 72 Gambia 20 July 2014 The Central Bank of the Gambia issued a 20 Dalasis banknote printed on De La Rue s Safeguard polymer substrate It commemorates 20 Years of Progress and Self Reliance coinciding with President Yahya Jammeh s 20 years in office as president 73 74 Mauritania 28 November 2014 The Central Bank of Mauritania issued a 1 000 Ouguiya banknote on Innovia Security s Guardian substrate 75 Trinidad amp Tobago 15 December 2014 The Central Bank of Trinidad amp Tobago issued a TT 50 note printed on polymer to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Central Bank of Trinidad amp Tobago 76 Cape Verde 23 December 2014 The Banco de Cabo Verde issued a new family of escudo banknotes that honour Cape Verdean figures in the fields of literature music and politics One note in the new series is the 200 escudos banknote now printed on polymer 77 New Zealand 2015 The Reserve Bank of New Zealand introduced a new family of notes with improved security features with the 5 and 10 in October 2015 and the 20 50 and 100 dollar banknotes in April 2016 78 79 Scotland 2015 Clydesdale Bank issued two million 5 notes printed in polymer It features a portrait of Sir William Arrol and an image of the Forth Bridge 80 India 2015 The Reserve Bank of India announced plans to introduce polymer banknotes on a pilot basis and improve security features to defeat the efforts of counterfeiters 81 Lebanon 2015 The Banque du Liban issued a L50 000 banknote in polymer to commemorate the 70th Anniversary of the Lebanese Army 82 Papua New Guinea 2015 The Bank of Papua New Guinea issued 10 and 20 kina notes in polymer one to commemorate the XV Pacific Games and the other to commemorate the 40th Anniversary of Papua New Guinean independence 83 84 Maldives 2015 The Maldives Authority Monetary introduced a new family of banknotes printed on De La Rue s Safeguard polymer substrate A commemorative 5 000 Rufiyaa banknote was issued in July 2015 and followed by the 5 10 20 50 100 500 and a new denomination of 1 000 Rufiyaa in October 2015 85 86 87 Singapore 2015 The Monetary Authority of Singapore issued a set of polymer banknotes to commemorate the nation s 50th Anniversary of independence It consists of five S 10 notes and a commemorative S 50 note 88 Nicaragua 2015 The Banco Central de Nicaragua issued a new family of notes on 26 October 2015 They are printed in polymer except for the 500 cordobas banknote which is printed on cotton paper substrate 89 90 Canada 9 September 2015 The Bank of Canada Banque du Canada issued a C 20 polymer banknote to commemorate Queen Elizabeth II s milestone as the longest reigning monarch in Canada s modern era It is similar to the regular issue 20 dollar Frontier Series polymer note but the notable features for the commemorative note are the metallic portrait of the queen based on a photograph taken by renowned Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh the metallic symbol including the Queen s monogram surmounted by the St Edward s crown surrounded by a garland of maple leaves and the text A HISTORIC REIGN UN REGNE HISTORIQUE repeated at the top center and bottom of the large window 91 Gibraltar 2016 The Government of Gibraltar issued a 100 polymer banknote to commemorate Sir Joshua Hassan s 22 years as Chief Minister in the first half of 2016 92 Scotland 2016 The Royal Bank of Scotland issued 5 and 10 banknotes in 2016 and 2017 respectively The notes were printed on De La Rue s Safeguard polymer substrate 93 Australia 1 September 2016 The Reserve Bank of Australia issued a A 5 polymer note with improved security features and a tactile feature to assist those with visual impairments 94 England 13 September 2016 The Bank of England began issuing the new polymer 5 note the first to be issued in England and Wales 95 India 17 March 2017 The Reserve Bank of India announced that it will do trials of polymer 10 notes at five locations in India 96 Canada 1 June 2017 The Bank of Canada Banque du Canada unveiled a C 10 polymer banknote to commemorate the 150th anniversary of confederation 97 England September 2017 The Bank of England issued a new polymer 10 note 98 Sao Tome and Principe 2018 The Banco Central de Sao Tome and Principe issued polymer banknotes in denominations of 5 and 10 dobras 99 North Macedonia 2018 The National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia issued 10 and 50 denari polymer banknotes as part of a new series 100 Mauritius 2018 The Bank of Mauritius has issued a 2 000 rupees banknote printed on polymer substrate and with revised security features while at the same time all previous versions of the 2 000 rupees paper banknote ceased being legal tender by the end of January 2019 101 Romania 1 January 2018 The National Bank of Romania issued all denominations with the new revised coat of arms of Romania All the other features remained unchanged for all the denominations 102 Uruguay September 2018 The Central Bank of Uruguay BCU printed a special and experimental edition of polymer banknotes with a value of 50 UYU to test reception and to celebrate the bank s 50th anniversary that was in 2017 producing 10 000 000 units 103 Morocco 2019 The Central bank of Morocco introduced a 20 dirham polymer banknote to mark 20 years of enthronement of Mohammed VI 104 Albania 2019 The Bank of Albania introduced a new 200 Lek polymer banknote on 30 September 2019 105 Libya 17 February 2019 The Central Bank of Libya has issued a 1 Dinar banknote on 17 February 2019 in commemoration of the 8th Anniversary of the Libyan Revolution of 2011 106 Northern Ireland 27 February 2019 Bank of Ireland Danske Bank and Ulster Bank commercial banks in Northern Ireland each issued a new series of pound banknotes on polymer substrate for general use in Northern Ireland on 27 February 2019 107 Samoa June 2019 The Central Bank of Samoa announced the release of a new 10 Tala polymer banknote in June 2019 to commemorate the XVI Pacific Games 2019 which were held in Samoa from 7 July 2019 The 10 Tala banknote will be the second polymer banknote issued in Samoa and the first carbon offset banknote created from the polymer substrate The new banknote is one of a kind for Samoa as it will have a horizontal front and a vertical back The banknote will feature a see through window depicting the Pacific Games logo and a tactile embossed feature to assist the visually impaired both are unique features of polymer banknotes The standard banknote prefix has been replaced with the special PG XVI prefix denoting XVI Pacific Game Issuance of the new 10 Tala note will commence the last week of June 2019 and will co circulate together with the existing 10 tala banknotes which will remain legal tender 108 Trinidad and Tobago 9 December 2019 The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago issued a TT 100 polymer banknote for circulation on 9 December 2019 while announcing that all versions of the paper TT 100 banknotes will be demonetized and withdrawn from circulation on 31 December 2019 109 England 20 February 2020 The Bank of England issued a 20 polymer banknote This the third banknote in the new series 110 Namibia 25 March 2020 The Bank of Namibia issued a 30 dollar polymer banknote to commemorate 30 years of independence 111 Angola 7 July 2020 National Bank of Angola issued 200 500 1000 2000 Kwanzas banknotes on polymer substrate 112 Costa Rica 25 July 2020 The Banco Central de Costa Rica issued a new family of polymer banknote in denominations of 1000 2000 5000 10 000 and 20 000 colones 113 114 Trinidad and Tobago 30 September 2020 The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago issued a new polymer banknote family in denominations of 1 5 10 20 50 dollars 115 Saudi Arabia 4 October 2020 The Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority has announced the five riyals banknote will be switched to polymer replacing the current paper banknote without any announcement on the other banknotes The banknote was said to feature more environmentally friendly materials and additional security features in addition to a much longer lifespan 116 Mexico 21 November 2020 The Banco de Mexico released a 100 peso polymer banknote as a part of new series 117 Lebanon 5 December 2020 The Banque du Liban released a L100 000 polymer banknote in circulation to commemorate the centenary of the establishment of Greater Lebanon 118 Cape Verde 8 January 2021 The Bank of Cape Verde introduced a new 200 escudo note like the preceding issue printed in polymer but printed on cotton paper 119 England 23 June 2021 The Bank of England issued a 50 polymer banknote completing sterling s transition from paper to polymer notes This the fourth and final Series G banknote to be issued 120 Romania 1 December 2021 The National bank of Romania introduced a new 20 lei banknote depicting World War I hero Ecaterina Teodoroiu 121 United Arab Emirates 7 December 2021 The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates introduced the country s first polymer banknote a redesigned Dh50 note to commemorate the golden jubilee of the country on 2 December 2021 122 Barbados 21 March 2022 The Central Bank of Barbados announced its intent to replace the current paper banknotes with a newly designed polymer version by the end of the year 123 The new designs of the polymer banknotes were revealed on 4 May 2022 and the notes were rolled out 5 December 2022 as scheduled 124 125 Thailand 24 March 2022 The Bank of Thailand started issuing 20 polymer banknotes bearing the image of Rama X It is done to improve its quality as it is the most widely used banknote and hence it is prone to sustained damage 126 Philippines 18 April 2022 The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas started issuing the 1000 piso polymer banknote the country s first polymer banknote These banknotes began the phased issuance to banks with the release of a limited quantity 127 United Arab Emirates 21 and 26 April 2022 The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates started issuing new redesigned Dh5 and Dh10 polymer currency notes The ten dirham banknote entered circulation on Thursday 21 April and the five dirham banknote entered circulation on Tuesday 26 April 128 Following that it was announced that the Dh1000 note will also be replaced and circulation will start on the first half of 2023 129 See also EditBanknotes of the Australian dollar Banknotes of the Canadian dollar CSIRO Hybrid Paper Polymer Banknote PolymersNotes Edit Although the 5 Northern Bank polymer banknote was a one off commemorative issued unconventionally in portrait orientation to mark the year 2000 it was in general circulation with normal serial numbers the commemorative version has serial numbers beginning with Y2K normal versions with MM citation needed It is the only Northern Bank note currently in circulation which was not affected by the recall of all the bank s notes as a result of the 26 5 million pound raid on its Belfast headquarters on 20 December 2004 citation needed References Edit Australia inventor of safe plastic money Best Migration Services 16 May 2019 Archived from the original on 26 November 2020 Retrieved 18 March 2020 About polymer Reserve Bank of New Zealand Archived from the original on 25 September 2020 Retrieved 18 March 2020 a b Orzano Michele 2 October 2012 BEP confirms 1998 DuraNote polymer testing Coin World Archived from the original on 9 March 2014 Retrieved 9 March 2014 DuraNote polymer film banknotes to be revealed at UK auction Bank Note Reporter Paul Fraser Collectibles 12 August 2012 Archived from the original on 7 November 2020 Retrieved 18 March 2020 Solomon David Spurling Tom 2014 The Plastic Banknote CSIRO Publishing ISBN 9780643094277 Archived from the original on 14 December 2014 Retrieved 21 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2015 Retrieved on 2015 11 01 Singapore new 10 and one 50 dollar commemorative notes B212 B217 confirmed Archived 28 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine BanknoteNews com 26 August 2015 Retrieved on 2015 08 27 BCN anuncia Emision de Nuevos Billetes 2015 Archived 30 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine Banco Central de Nicaragua www bcn gob ni Retrieved on 2015 10 13 Nicaragua new note family B506 B511 confirmed Archived 28 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine BanknoteNews com 28 October 2015 Retrieved on 2015 10 30 Bank Note Design Archived 12 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Bank of Canada Banque du Canada www bankofcanada ca Retrieved on 2015 09 12 Gibraltar new 100 pound polymer commemorative note to be issued in 2016 Archived 28 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine BanknoteNews com 21 August 2015 Retrieved on 2015 09 07 Royal Bank of Scotland announces its new 5 and 10 banknotes will be issued on De La Rue s Safeguard polymer substrate Archived 6 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine De La Rue www delarue com 7 September 2015 Retrieved on 2015 09 15 Australia new 5 dollar note B230 confirmed Archived 5 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine BanknoteNews com 2 September 2016 Retrieved on 2016 09 21 1 Archived 5 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine The New Fiver Bank of England Approval given to RBI to print Rs 10 plastic notes Government The Economic Times Archived from the original on 19 March 2017 Retrieved 18 March 2017 Celebrating Canada s 150th 1867 2017 Archived 7 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine Bank of Canada Banque du Canada www bankofcanada ca Retrieved on 2017 04 15 The new 10 polymer banknote Bank of England Archived from the original on 8 September 2017 Retrieved 27 September 2017 Sao Tome introduces new banknote family Stevenbron nl Archived from the original on 28 February 2021 Retrieved 11 December 2020 Macedonia introduces 1st polymer banknotes Archived 15 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine Xinhua 23 April 2018 Retrieved on 2019 08 16 Bank of Mauritius launch a new 2000 rupee polymer banknote Archived 20 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine De La Rue www delarue com 6 December 2018 Retrieved on 2019 01 20 Banca Naţională a Romaniei Act legislativ Archived from the original on 24 December 2021 Retrieved 24 December 2021 https m subrayado com uy presentaron el nuevo billete 50 pesos que parece plastico o nailon n514059 Archived 7 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine 18 September 2018 Retrieved on 10 February 2020 Morocco introduces new polymer banknote to mark 20 years of enthronement Stevenbron nl Archived from the original on 24 September 2020 Retrieved 11 December 2020 Seria e Re e Kartemonedhave Bank of Albania in Albanian Archived from the original on 3 October 2019 Retrieved 3 October 2019 Central Bank of Libya announces new plastic banknote in Tripoli Libyan Express Libya News Opinion Analysis and Latest Updates from Libya Archived from the original on 21 February 2019 Retrieved 20 February 2019 New Polymer Note To Enter Circulation This Month Danske Bank Archived from the original on 8 January 2020 Retrieved 14 March 2019 Samoa new 10 tala Archived from the original on 16 February 2020 Retrieved 16 February 2020 Trinidad and Tobago unveiled 100 dollar polymer banknote News Gov TT Archived from the original on 6 December 2019 Retrieved 11 December 2020 Bank of England issues new 20 pounds polymer banknote Bank of England Archived from the original on 6 July 2021 Retrieved 7 December 2020 New polymer banknote to commemorate 30 years of independence in Namibia coinupdate Archived from the original on 21 October 2020 Retrieved 5 December 2020 New series of banknote to introduced in Angola coinupdate Archived from the original on 2 December 2020 Retrieved 5 December 2020 Costa Rica announces new polymer banknotes Stevenbron nl Archived from the original on 4 December 2020 Retrieved 7 December 2020 Costa Rica announces last polymer banknotes for 2021 Stevenbron nl Archived from the original on 4 December 2020 Retrieved 7 December 2020 Trinidad and Tobago unveiled a new polymer banknotes series Stevenbron nl Archived from the original on 23 October 2020 Retrieved 7 December 2020 Sama Introduces The Five Riyal Denomination Made Of Polymer And It Will Start Circulating On October 5th Archived from the original on 8 October 2020 Retrieved 4 October 2020 Mexico released a new Vertical Polymer Banknote Coin World Archived from the original on 26 November 2020 Retrieved 12 December 2020 New 100000 banknote released to commemorate establishment of Lebanon Platform Keesing Technologies Archived from the original on 18 January 2021 Retrieved 5 December 2020 Cape Verde new paper 200 escudo note B222a reportedly introduced on 08 01 2021 Archived 6 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine Banknotenews com 5 February 2021 New Alan Turing 50 note design is revealed BBC News 25 March 2021 Archived from the original on 23 June 2021 Retrieved 23 June 2021 Comunicat de presă privind lansarea in circulație a bancnotei de 20 de lei BNRs BNR 25 November 2021 Retrieved 9 December 2021 Forster Sarah 7 December 2021 UAE leaders attend launch of new Dh50 banknote The National News The National News Archived from the original on 9 December 2021 Retrieved 9 December 2021 Barbados switching to polymer banknotes later this year Barbados Today 21 March 2022 Retrieved 22 March 2022 Standing Secure Launch of Barbados 2022 Banknote Series Central Bank of Barbados Retrieved 4 May 2022 Barbados new banknotes are now in circulation by Barbados Today Retrieved 30 January 2023 The Bank of Thailand will start issuing 20 Baht Polymer Banknote on 24 March 2022 Bank of Thailand 20 January 2022 Retrieved 9 May 2022 BSP Releases Polymer Banknotes to Banks for Circulation bsp gov ph Retrieved 26 April 2022 UAE issues new Dh5 and Dh10 polymer currency notes gulfnews com Retrieved 23 April 2022 Web Desk UAE Central Bank issues new Dh1 000 banknote for National Day Khaleej Times Retrieved 3 December 2022 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Polymer banknotes PolymerNotes org by Stane Straus Currency Note Research and Development Project from the University of Melbourne Professor David Solomon Inventor of Plastic Bank Note Wins 2006 Victoria Prize from the University of Melbourne Polymer banknotes from Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Note Printing Australia innoviasecurity com PolymerNotes de in German by Thomas Krause New Kuwaiti Dinar notes released by Kuwait News Agency Costs of introducing polymer notes in the UK by CMS Payments Intelligence Portal Numismatics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Polymer banknote amp oldid 1165824184, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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