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Peter Pan

Peter Pan is a fictional character created by Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie. A free-spirited and mischievous young boy who can fly and never grows up, Peter Pan spends his never-ending childhood having adventures on the mythical island of Neverland as the leader of the Lost Boys, interacting with fairies, pirates, mermaids, Native Americans, and occasionally ordinary children from the world outside Neverland.

Peter Pan
Peter Pan character
Illustration of Peter Pan playing the pipes, by F. D. Bedford from Peter and Wendy (1911)
First appearanceThe Little White Bird (1902)
Created byJ. M. Barrie
Portrayed byNina Boucicault (1904 play)
Maude Adams (first US production 1905)
Mary Martin (1954 musical)
Betty Bronson (1924 film)
Robin Williams (Hook)
Jeremy Sumpter (2003 film)
Levi Miller (Pan)
Robbie Kay (Once Upon a Time)
Alexander Molony (Peter Pan & Wendy)
Voiced byBobby Driscoll (1953 film)
Jason Marsden (Peter Pan and the Pirates)
Blayne Weaver (2001–present in Disney media)
Christopher Steele (Kingdom Hearts)
Adam Wylie (Jake and the Never Land Pirates)
Will Arnett (Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers)
In-universe information
AliasThe Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up
SpeciesHuman
GenderMale
NationalityEnglish

Peter Pan has become a cultural icon symbolizing youthful innocence and escapism. In addition to two distinct works by Barrie, The Little White Bird (1902, with chapters 13–18 published in Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens in 1906), and the West End stage play Peter Pan; or, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up (1904, which expanded into the 1911 novel Peter and Wendy), the character has been featured in a variety of media and merchandise, both adapting and expanding on Barrie's works. These include several films, television series and many other works.

Barrie commissioned a statue of Peter Pan by the sculptor George Frampton, which was erected overnight in Kensington Gardens on 30 April 1912 as a surprise to the children of London.[1] Six other statues have been cast from the original mould and displayed around the world. In 2002, Peter Pan featured on a series of UK postage stamps issued by the Royal Mail on the centenary of Barrie's creation of the character.[2]

Origin edit

Peter Pan first appeared as a character in Barrie's The Little White Bird (1902), a novel for adults. In chapters 13–18, titled "Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens", Peter is a seven-day-old baby and has flown from his nursery to Kensington Gardens in London, where the fairies and birds taught him to fly. He is described as "betwixt-and-between" a boy and a bird. Barrie returned to the character of Peter Pan, putting him at the centre of his stage play titled Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up, which premiered on 27 December 1904 at the Duke of York's Theatre in London.[3] Following the success of the 1904 play, Barrie's publishers, Hodder and Stoughton, extracted the Peter Pan chapters of The Little White Bird and published them in 1906 under the title Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, with the addition of illustrations by Arthur Rackham.[4] Barrie later adapted and expanded the 1904 play's storyline as a novel, which was published in 1911 as Peter and Wendy.

J. M. Barrie may have based the character of Peter Pan on his older brother, David, who died in an ice-skating accident the day before his 14th birthday. His mother and brother thought of him as forever a boy.[5]

Physical appearance edit

 
1907 illustration of Peter Pan by Oliver Herford

Barrie never described Peter's appearance in detail, even in his novel, leaving it to the imagination of the reader and the interpretation of anyone adapting the character. In the play, Peter's outfit is made of autumn leaves and cobwebs.[6] His name and playing the flute or pipes suggest the Greek god and mythological character Pan. Barrie mentions in Peter and Wendy that Peter Pan still had all his "first teeth".[7] He describes him as a "lovely boy, clad in skeleton leaves and the juices that ooze out of trees".[7]

Traditionally, the character has been played on stage by a petite adult woman.[8] In the original productions in the UK, Peter Pan's costume was a reddish tunic and dark green tights, such as that worn by Nina Boucicault in 1904. This costume is exhibited at Barrie's Birthplace.[9] The similar costume worn by Pauline Chase (who played the role from 1906 to 1913) is displayed in the Museum of London. Early editions of adaptations of the story also depict a red costume[10][11] but a green costume (whether or not made of leaves) becomes more usual from the 1920s,[12] and more so later after the release of Disney's animated movie.

In the Disney films, Peter wears an outfit that consists of a short-sleeved green tunic and tights apparently made of cloth, and a cap with a red feather in it. He has pointed elf-like ears, brown eyes, and reddish hair.

In Hook (1991), the character is played as an adult by Robin Williams, with blue eyes and dark brown hair; in flashbacks to him in his youth, his hair is light brown. His ears appear pointed only when he is Peter Pan, not as Peter Banning. His Pan attire resembles the Disney outfit (minus the cap).

In the live-action 2003 Peter Pan film, he is portrayed by Jeremy Sumpter, with blond hair, green eyes, bare feet and a costume made of leaves and vines.

In the prequel to the main story 2015 Pan film, he is portrayed by Levi Miller, a young boy who was left as a baby by the orphanage until he gets captured by Blackbeard's pirates and taken to Neverland. Here he wears just simple clothes.

Age edit

In The Little White Bird (1902) and Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens (1906), he is seven days old.

Although his age is not stated in Barrie's play (1904) or novel (1911), the novel mentions that he still had all his baby teeth. In other ways, the character appears to be about 12–13 years old.

Personality edit

Peter is an exaggerated stereotype of a boastful and careless boy. He claims greatness, even when such claims are questionable (such as congratulating himself when Wendy re-attaches his shadow). In the play and book, Peter symbolises the selfishness of childhood, and is portrayed as being forgetful and self-centred.

Peter has a nonchalant, devil-may-care attitude, and is fearlessly cocky when it comes to putting himself in danger. Barrie writes that when Peter thought he was going to die on Marooners' Rock, he felt scared, yet he felt only one shudder. With this blithe attitude, he says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." In the play, the unseen and unnamed narrator ponders what might have been if Peter had stayed with Wendy, so that his cry might have become, "To live would be an awfully big adventure!", "but he can never quite get the hang of it".[13]

Abilities edit

Peter's archetypal quality is his unending youth. In Peter and Wendy, it is explained that Peter must forget his own adventures and what he learns about the world in order to stay childlike.

Peter's ability to fly is explained, but inconsistently. In The Little White Bird, he is able to fly because he is said to be part bird, like all babies. In the play and novel, he teaches the Darling children to fly using a combination of "lovely wonderful thoughts" and fairy dust. In Barrie's Dedication to the play Peter Pan, The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow up,[14] the author attributes the idea of fairy dust being necessary for flight to practical needs:

...after the first production I had to add something to the play at the request of parents (who thus showed that they thought me the responsible person) about no one being able to fly until the fairy dust had been blown on him; so many children having gone home and tried it from their beds and needed surgical attention. – J. M. Barrie

Peter has an effect on the whole of Neverland and its inhabitants when he is there. Barrie states that although Neverland appears different to every child, the island "wakes up" when Peter returns from his trip to London. In the chapter "The Mermaids' Lagoon" in the book Peter and Wendy, Barrie writes that there is almost nothing that Peter cannot do. He is a skilled swordsman, rivalling even Captain Hook, whose hand he cut off in a duel. He has remarkably keen vision and hearing. He is skilled in mimicry, copying the voice of Hook and the ticking of the clock in the crocodile.

Peter has the ability to imagine things into existence and he is able to feel danger when it is near.

In Peter and Wendy, Barrie states that the Peter Pan legend Mrs. Darling heard as a child, was that when children died, he accompanied them part of the way to their destination so they would not be frightened.

In the original play, Peter states that no one must ever touch him (though he does not know why). The stage directions specify that no one does so throughout the play. Wendy approaches Peter to give him a "kiss" (thimble), but is prevented by Tinker Bell. However, John Caird and Trevor Nunn's introduction to the script for the 1997 Royal National Theatre production, states that this was never Barrie's original intention, and was only added for a production in 1927, where Jean Forbes-Robertson took the title role, and played the part with a lighter, more fairy-like, physicality. Robertson was to play the part almost every year until 1939.

Cultural allusions edit

The character's name comes from two sources: Peter Llewelyn Davies, one of the five Llewelyn Davies boys who inspired the story, and Pan, a minor deity of Greek mythology who plays pipes to nymphs and is part human and part goat. This is referenced in Barrie's works (particularly Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens) where Peter Pan plays pipes to the fairies and rides a goat. The god Pan represents Nature or Man's natural state in contrast to Civilisation and the effects of upbringing on human behaviour, and he experienced a significant revival of interest among English artists, poets and novelists during the Edwardian period.[citation needed]

Peter Pan is a free spirit, being too young to be burdened with the effects of education or to have an adult appreciation of moral responsibility. As a "betwixt-and-between", who can fly and speak the language of fairies and birds, Peter is part animal and part human. According to psychologist Rosalind Ridley, by comparing Peter's behaviour to adults and to other animals, Barrie raises many post-Darwinian questions about the origins of human nature and behaviour. As "the boy who wouldn't grow up", Peter exhibits many aspects of the stages of cognitive development seen in children and can be regarded as Barrie's memory of himself as a child, being both charmingly childlike and childishly solipsistic.[15]

Relationships edit

Family edit

Peter Pan ran away from his parents when he was a baby as told in Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens and Peter and Wendy. Finding the window closed and seeing a new baby boy in the house when he returned some time later, he believed his parents no longer wanted him and never came back. This younger sibling is referred to in the chapter "Lock-Out Time" in Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens but is not mentioned again.

Friends edit

Maimie Mannering edit

While in Kensington Gardens, Peter meets a lost girl named Maimie Mannering and the two quickly become friends. Peter proposes marriage to Maimie. While Maimie wants to stay in the Gardens with Peter, she comes to realise that her mother is so worried that she must return to her. Maimie promises to always remember Peter and goes back to her mother. When Maimie grows up, she continues to think of Peter, dedicating presents and letters to him. To remember Maimie, Peter rides the imaginary goat that Maimie created for him. She is considered to be the literary predecessor of Wendy Darling.[16]

The Darlings edit

Wendy Darling edit

It is hinted that Wendy may have romantic feelings for Peter, but unrequited because of his inability to love.

In the original novel, Peter later befriends Wendy's daughter Jane (and her subsequent daughter Margaret), and it is implied that this pattern will go on forever. From time to time, Peter visits the real world, and befriends children. Wendy Darling, whom he recruited to be his "mother", is the most significant of them; he also brings her brothers John and Michael to Neverland at her request. It is mentioned that Wendy was the only girl who captured his attention.

Relationship in other media

In the 1991 film Hook, an older Wendy implies that she used to (and perhaps, still does) have feelings for Peter, saying that she was shocked that he did not prevent her wedding day. In the 2002 sequel to the 1953 Disney film, Return to Neverland, Peter and a grown-up Wendy are briefly, but happily, reunited after many years and continue to show feelings for each other. In the 2003 film Peter Pan, the feeling is mutual. Captain Hook can only take away Peter's ability to fly by thoughts of Wendy leaving him, growing up, and replacing him with a husband. Wendy saves Peter by giving him her hidden kiss which gives him the will to live, signifying she is his true love.

John Darling and Michael Darling edit

John is Wendy's younger brother. He is fascinated with piracy and imitates Captain Hook while playing at home with his siblings. He is also courageous and smart. Michael, the youngest of the Darlings, is convinced that Peter Pan is a real person after hearing Wendy's vivid narratives about him. During nursery games, it is Michael who plays the role of Peter Pan. Peter Pan In Scarlet reveals that Michael died in World War I.

Mary and George Darling edit

The parents of Wendy, John and Michael. Mr. Darling works as a clerk in the City, and is named after George Llewelyn Davies. Mrs. Darling is named after Mary Ansell, Barrie's wife.

Neverland inhabitants edit

Tiger Lily edit

Tiger Lily is the daughter of Great Big Little Panther, the chief of the Native American tribe resident in Neverland. Barrie refers to her as "a princess in her own right", and she is often described as such. She is kidnapped by the pirates and left to die on Marooners' Rock but is rescued by Peter. It is hinted later that she may have romantic feelings for Peter but he does not return them, as he is completely oblivious to other people's feelings. In the Disney film, Tiger Lily shows her gratitude by performing a dance for Peter and kissing him. The kiss makes him turn bright red and makes Wendy jealous of Tiger Lily.

Tinker Bell edit

Tinker Bell is a common fairy who is Peter Pan's best friend and is often jealously protective of him. He nicknames her "Tink". She is the friend who helps him in his escapades. Tink's malicious actions are usually caused by her jealousy; these lead to the Lost Boys shooting arrows at Wendy, and eventually revealing Peter's hideout to Captain Hook, in the hope that Wendy will be captured rather than Peter. When Tink realises her serious mistake, she risks her own life by drinking the poison Hook has left for Peter. Her extreme loyalty and dedication to Peter are everlasting.

The Lost Boys edit

Peter is the leader of the Lost Boys, which include Tootles, Nibs, Slightly, Curly, and The Twins. The Lost Boys is a band of boys who were lost by their parents after they "fall out of their perambulators" and came to live in Neverland. In Barrie's novel Peter and Wendy (but not the original play Peter Pan), it is stated that Peter "thins them out" when they start to grow up. This is never fully explained, but it is implied that he either kills them or banishes them.

In the song "I Won't Grow Up" from the 1954 musical, the boys sing "I will stay a boy forever", to which Peter replies "And be banished if I don't".

In Peter Pan in Scarlet (2006), the official sequel to Barrie's Peter and Wendy, what happens to the Lost Boys when they begin to grow up is revealed when Slightly starts to grow older, as Peter banishes him to Nowhereland (which means that he and all his allies will ignore the banished person's existence), the home of all the Long Lost Boys whom Peter has banished in times past.

The Crocodile edit

The crocodile is Captain Hook's nemesis. After Peter Pan cut off Captain Hook's hand in a fight and threw it into the sea, the crocodile swallowed it and got a taste for Hook, so it now seeks to consume him whole. It also swallowed a ticking clock, which alerts Hook of its presence.

Adversaries edit

Captain Hook edit

Captain Hook, whose right hand was cut off in a duel, is Peter Pan's arch-enemy who leads a large group of pirates. Captain Hook's two principal fears are the sight of his own blood (which is supposedly an unnatural colour) and one saltwater crocodile. His name plays on the iron hook that replaced his hand cut off by Peter Pan and eaten by the aforementioned crocodile, which continues to pursue Hook.

Mr. Smee edit

Mr Smee is Captain Hook's boatswain ("bo'sun") and right-hand man in J. M. Barrie's play Peter Pan and the novel Peter and Wendy. Mr Smee is Captain Hook's direct confidant. Unlike the other pirates, Smee is often clumsy and incapable of capturing any of the Lost Boys. Rather than engaging in Hook's evil schemes, Smee finds excitement in bagging loot and treasures.

Original works edit

 
Cover of 1915 edition of J. M. Barrie's novel, first published in 1911, illustrated by F. D. Bedford[17]
  • Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up (1904 play), a play in which Peter brings Wendy and her brothers to Neverland, where he has a showdown with his nemesis, Captain Hook. Barrie adapted this play as a novel; numerous variations and other adaptations have been produced in various media
  • Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens (1906), an origin story wherein the infant Peter flies away from his home, takes up residence in Kensington Gardens, and befriends the fairies. It is a "book-within-a-book" that was first published in Barrie's The Little White Bird (1902)
  • When Wendy Grew Up – An Afterthought (1908), Barrie's sequel play
  • Peter and Wendy (1911), a novel Barrie adapted from the 1904 play, later republished as Peter Pan and Wendy; it also incorporates events of Barrie's sequel play, When Wendy Grew Up – An Afterthought (1908)

Popular culture edit

Motion pictures and television edit

 
Peter Pan, as he appears in Walt Disney's film adaptation (1953)
 
The Paradise of Peter Pan by Edward Mason Eggleston, 1934

Manga/anime, games, and comics edit

Music edit

  • Canadian singer-songwriter Ruth B. released the piano ballad "Lost Boy" in 2015, featuring Peter Pan and Neverland, and inspired by the character's appearance in Once Upon a Time
  • Italian songwriter Edoardo Bennato released a concept album "Sono solo canzonette" in 1980 based on Peter Pan and other characters created by Barrie
  • Norwegian-Swedish singer Anni-Frid Lyngstad recorded the song "Peter Pan" by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus in 1969
  • Swiss singer Paola del Medico performed a song themed on the Peter Pan tale in 1982
  • Pop-rock musicians The Jonas Brothers' song "Fly With Me" makes direct references to Peter Pan and Wendy in the lyrics
  • Country singer-songwriter Kelsea Ballerini released a top-charting country single and song titled "Peter Pan", in 2016
  • South Korean boy-band BTS released a music video called "Adult Child", the song makes reference to the Peter Pan story
  • British musician Kate Bush included her song "In Search of Peter Pan" on her second album Lionheart (1978)
  • Korean boy-band EXO released a track called "Peter Pan" on both the Mandarin and Korean versions of the album XOXO (2013)
  • Serbian and Yugoslav rock band Petar Pan was named after the character
  • Peterpan is the former name for an Indonesian pop-rock band, now called Noah
  • The eleventh track of singer-songwriter Troye Sivan's debut studio album Blue Neighbourhood (2015) is titled "Lost Boy", inspired by Peter Pan
  • In Chance The Rapper's song 'Same Drugs', featured in the album Coloring Book (2015), he makes multiple references to Peter Pan and Wendy, another major character in the novel
  • Taylor Swift's single "Cardigan" includes multiple references to the Peter Pan story
  • Blues/psychedelic rock band Kula Shaker included the track "Peter Pan RIP" featured in their fourth album Pilgrims Progress
  • Italian singer-songwriter Ultimo named his second album Peter Pan (2018). It contains the song “Peter Pan (Vuoi Volare Con Me?)”, meaning "will you fly with me?"
  • Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish make references to Peter Pan in some of their songs, notably Fantasmic from their 2000 album Wishmaster, and in their 2011 single Storytime from their seventh album Imaginaerum
  • South Korean girl-group (G)I-DLE released a track called "Peter Pan" (Korean: 어린 어른; RR: eorin eoreun; translation: Young Adult) on their sixth EP "I Feel" (2023)

Other uses in popular culture edit

The name Peter Pan has been adopted for various purposes over the years:

  • Several businesses have adopted the name, including Peter Pan Bus Lines, Peter Pan peanut butter, Peter Pan Records, and Peter Pan Seafoods
  • Three Thoroughbred racehorses have been given the name, the first, Peter Pan I, was born in 1904
  • In the early 1960s, some Cuban families sent their children to resettle in Miami in an emergency effort calculated to save the children from perceived potential mistreatment under the Castro socialist regime; the program was called Operation Peter Pan (or Operación Pedro Pan)
  • American psychologist Dr. Dan Kiley popularised the Peter Pan syndrome (puer aeternus) in his book The Peter Pan Syndrome: Men Who Have Never Grown Up (1983).[23] He described individuals (usually male) with underdeveloped maturity.[24] His next book, The Wendy Dilemma (1984), advises women romantically involved with "Peter Pans" how to improve their relationships[25]

Public sculptures edit

 
Peter Pan statue in Kensington Gardens, London, England, 1912, by George Frampton

Barrie commissioned a statue of Peter Pan by the sculptor George Frampton, which was erected overnight in Kensington Gardens on 30 April 1912 as a May Day surprise to the children of London. Seven statues have been cast from the original mould.[26] The other six are located in:

Other statues are:

  • In 1925, the town council of Melbourne, Australia, commissioned a statue of Peter Pan by Paul Montfort;[32] it is now located in Melbourne Zoo[33]
  • In 1928, Charles Andrew Hafner created a bronze statue for a fountain in the lobby of the old Paramount Theater in Times Square, but it is now situated in Carl Schurz Park, New York[34]
  • In 1949, a statue of Peter Pan by Alex Proudfoot RSA, Principal of Glasgow School of Art, was erected at the Mearnskirk Hospital for children in Glasgow, commissioned by Alfred Ellsworth in memory of his friend Dr John A Wilson, first superintendent of Mearnskirk Hospital. Wilson had also been a school friend of J.M. Barrie's[35]
  • A statue by Ivan Mitford-Barberton was commissioned by Vyvyan and Gwen Watson in remembrance of their son Peter and given in 1959 to the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital in Western Cape, South Africa[36]
  • A pair of statues by Cecil Thomas, one showing Peter Pan and Tinker Bell, and the other Wendy and the Darling children, have been located in Dunedin Botanic Gardens in Dunedin, New Zealand since the 1960s.[37] A slightly different version of the Peter Pan statue, also by Thomas, can be found close to Rotokawau Virginia Lake in Whanganui, New Zealand[38]
  • A bronze statue by Alistair Smart, originally commissioned by the Angus Milling Company in 1972, is situated in the main square of Kirriemuir, Scotland. [39]
  • In 1976, Ronald Thomason sculpted a bronze statue in front of the Weatherford, Texas public library honouring Weatherford native Mary Martin, who had portrayed Peter Pan in the 1954 Broadway musical production and several subsequent telecasts
  • A bronze statue by Diarmuid Byron O'Connor was commissioned by Great Ormond Street Hospital in London and unveiled in 2000, showing Peter blowing fairy dust, with Tinker Bell added in 2005[40]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Barrie, J. M. (2011). Peter Pan. Broadview Press. p. 29.
  2. ^ "Border region's special stamps". ITV. from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  3. ^ "Mr Barrie's New Play. A Christmas Fairy Tale". The Glasgow Herald. 28 December 1904. p. 7. from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  4. ^ Birkin, Andrew (2003). J.M. Barrie & the Lost Boys. Yale University Press. p. 47. ISBN 0-300-09822-7.
  5. ^ Birkin, Andrew. J.M. Barrie and the Lost Boys. Yale University Press, 1986.
  6. ^ Barrie, J. M. Peter Pan (play). Hodder & Stoughton, 1928, Act I, Scene 1
  7. ^ a b Barrie, J. M. Peter and Wendy. Hodder & Stoughton, 1911, Chapter 1.
  8. ^ Bruce K. Hanson. Peter Pan on Stage and Screen 1904–2010. McFarland, 2011
  9. ^ "J M Barrie's Birthplace". Nts.org.uk. from the original on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  10. ^ Daniel O'Connor, illustrated by Alice B. Woodward. The Peter Pan Picture Book. Bell & Sons, 1907.
  11. ^ Peter Pan's ABC illustrated by Flora White. Hodder & Stoughton, 1913
  12. ^ May Byron, illustrated by Mabel Lucie Atwell, Peter Pan and Wendy. Hodder & Stoughton, 1921.
  13. ^ Barrie, J. M. Peter Pan. Hodder & Stoughton, 1928, Act V, Scene 2.
  14. ^ Barrie, J. M. Peter Pan. Hodder & Stoughton, 1928, "To the Five – A Dedication".
  15. ^ Ridley, Rosalind (2016). Peter Pan and the Mind of J. M. Barrie. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-9107-3.
  16. ^ Rose, Jacqueline. The Case of Peter Pan, Or, The Impossibility of Children's Fiction, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984, p. 28.
  17. ^ Francis Donkin Bedford died in 1954 and his works are in copyright until 2024 in Europe. If this work is not "work for hire" then it is fair use.
  18. ^ Zuckerman, Esther (20 May 2022). "'Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers' Riffs on 'Roger Rabbit,' but Has No Bite". Thrillst. from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  19. ^ Carpenter, Humphrey (1977). J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-04-928037-3.
  20. ^ . 20 September 2010. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  21. ^ "Neverland - The Impossible Island". from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  22. ^ Green, Jonathan. Neverland: Here Be Monsters! (Snowbooks, 2019). ISBN 978-1911390411
  23. ^ Kiley, Dr. Dan, The Peter Pan Syndrome: Men Who Have Never Grown Up. Avon Books, 1983, ISBN 978 0380688906
  24. ^ Various materials compiled from University of Granada (3 May 2007). "Overprotecting Parents Can Lead Children To Develop 'Peter Pan Syndrome'". ScienceDaily. from the original on 19 November 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  25. ^ Kiley, Dr. Dan (1984). The Wendy Dilemma: When Women Stop Mothering Their Men. Arbor House Publishing. ISBN 9780877956259.
  26. ^ . Public Art Around the World. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  27. ^ . City of Brussels. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  28. ^ "Johnson Park Restoration". Johnson-park.camden.rutgers.edu. 24 September 1926. from the original on 8 July 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  29. ^ . Globe Vista. 2008. Archived from the original on 11 March 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2009.
  30. ^ . Liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. 16 June 1928. Archived from the original on 28 February 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  31. ^ "Cities of the World". Lostrivers.ca. from the original on 10 May 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  32. ^ "10 Melbourne Public Sculptures Intended for Children". 7 November 2015. from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  33. ^ Peter Pan Statue 28 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Melbourne Zoo
  34. ^ "Carl Schurz Park Monuments – Peter Pan : NYC Parks". nycgovparks.org. from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  35. ^ "Mearnskirk Hospital". Portal to the Past. from the original on 26 February 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  36. ^ . Childrenshospitaltrust.org.za. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  37. ^ "New life for Peter Pan and Wendy – the art and science of bronze conservation in Dunedin". nzine.co.nz. 3 December 2002. from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  38. ^ "Peter Pan by Cecil Thomas, 1967". coastalartstrail.nz. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  39. ^ West, Mark I. (2003). A Children's Literature Tour of Great Britain. Scarecrow Press, p. 17.
  40. ^ "The Great Ormond Street Hospital 'Tinker Bell' by Diarmuid Byron-O'Connor". Fairiesworld.com. 29 September 2005. from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2014.

External links edit

  • Peter Pan at Project Gutenberg (1991 Millennium Fulcrum Edition)
  • (archived 27 January 2013)
  • Peter Pan: over 100 years of the boy who wouldn't grow up from the Museum of the City of New York Collections blog

peter, this, article, about, character, original, play, novel, about, character, peter, wendy, other, uses, disambiguation, fictional, character, created, scottish, novelist, playwright, barrie, free, spirited, mischievous, young, never, grows, spends, never, . This article is about the character Peter Pan For the original play and novel about the character see Peter and Wendy For other uses see Peter Pan disambiguation Peter Pan is a fictional character created by Scottish novelist and playwright J M Barrie A free spirited and mischievous young boy who can fly and never grows up Peter Pan spends his never ending childhood having adventures on the mythical island of Neverland as the leader of the Lost Boys interacting with fairies pirates mermaids Native Americans and occasionally ordinary children from the world outside Neverland Peter PanPeter Pan characterIllustration of Peter Pan playing the pipes by F D Bedford from Peter and Wendy 1911 First appearanceThe Little White Bird 1902 Created byJ M BarriePortrayed byNina Boucicault 1904 play Maude Adams first US production 1905 Mary Martin 1954 musical Betty Bronson 1924 film Robin Williams Hook Jeremy Sumpter 2003 film Levi Miller Pan Robbie Kay Once Upon a Time Alexander Molony Peter Pan amp Wendy Voiced byBobby Driscoll 1953 film Jason Marsden Peter Pan and the Pirates Blayne Weaver 2001 present in Disney media Christopher Steele Kingdom Hearts Adam Wylie Jake and the Never Land Pirates Will Arnett Chip n Dale Rescue Rangers In universe informationAliasThe Boy Who Wouldn t Grow UpSpeciesHumanGenderMaleNationalityEnglishPeter Pan has become a cultural icon symbolizing youthful innocence and escapism In addition to two distinct works by Barrie The Little White Bird 1902 with chapters 13 18 published in Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens in 1906 and the West End stage play Peter Pan or the Boy Who Wouldn t Grow Up 1904 which expanded into the 1911 novel Peter and Wendy the character has been featured in a variety of media and merchandise both adapting and expanding on Barrie s works These include several films television series and many other works Barrie commissioned a statue of Peter Pan by the sculptor George Frampton which was erected overnight in Kensington Gardens on 30 April 1912 as a surprise to the children of London 1 Six other statues have been cast from the original mould and displayed around the world In 2002 Peter Pan featured on a series of UK postage stamps issued by the Royal Mail on the centenary of Barrie s creation of the character 2 Contents 1 Origin 2 Physical appearance 3 Age 4 Personality 5 Abilities 6 Cultural allusions 7 Relationships 7 1 Family 7 2 Friends 7 2 1 Maimie Mannering 7 2 2 The Darlings 7 2 2 1 Wendy Darling 7 2 2 2 John Darling and Michael Darling 7 2 2 3 Mary and George Darling 7 2 3 Neverland inhabitants 7 2 3 1 Tiger Lily 7 2 3 2 Tinker Bell 7 2 3 3 The Lost Boys 7 2 3 4 The Crocodile 7 3 Adversaries 7 3 1 Captain Hook 7 3 2 Mr Smee 8 Original works 9 Popular culture 9 1 Motion pictures and television 9 2 Manga anime games and comics 9 3 Music 9 4 Other uses in popular culture 10 Public sculptures 11 See also 12 References 13 External linksOrigin editPeter Pan first appeared as a character in Barrie s The Little White Bird 1902 a novel for adults In chapters 13 18 titled Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens Peter is a seven day old baby and has flown from his nursery to Kensington Gardens in London where the fairies and birds taught him to fly He is described as betwixt and between a boy and a bird Barrie returned to the character of Peter Pan putting him at the centre of his stage play titled Peter Pan or The Boy Who Wouldn t Grow Up which premiered on 27 December 1904 at the Duke of York s Theatre in London 3 Following the success of the 1904 play Barrie s publishers Hodder and Stoughton extracted the Peter Pan chapters of The Little White Bird and published them in 1906 under the title Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens with the addition of illustrations by Arthur Rackham 4 Barrie later adapted and expanded the 1904 play s storyline as a novel which was published in 1911 as Peter and Wendy J M Barrie may have based the character of Peter Pan on his older brother David who died in an ice skating accident the day before his 14th birthday His mother and brother thought of him as forever a boy 5 Physical appearance edit nbsp 1907 illustration of Peter Pan by Oliver HerfordBarrie never described Peter s appearance in detail even in his novel leaving it to the imagination of the reader and the interpretation of anyone adapting the character In the play Peter s outfit is made of autumn leaves and cobwebs 6 His name and playing the flute or pipes suggest the Greek god and mythological character Pan Barrie mentions in Peter and Wendy that Peter Pan still had all his first teeth 7 He describes him as a lovely boy clad in skeleton leaves and the juices that ooze out of trees 7 Traditionally the character has been played on stage by a petite adult woman 8 In the original productions in the UK Peter Pan s costume was a reddish tunic and dark green tights such as that worn by Nina Boucicault in 1904 This costume is exhibited at Barrie s Birthplace 9 The similar costume worn by Pauline Chase who played the role from 1906 to 1913 is displayed in the Museum of London Early editions of adaptations of the story also depict a red costume 10 11 but a green costume whether or not made of leaves becomes more usual from the 1920s 12 and more so later after the release of Disney s animated movie In the Disney films Peter wears an outfit that consists of a short sleeved green tunic and tights apparently made of cloth and a cap with a red feather in it He has pointed elf like ears brown eyes and reddish hair In Hook 1991 the character is played as an adult by Robin Williams with blue eyes and dark brown hair in flashbacks to him in his youth his hair is light brown His ears appear pointed only when he is Peter Pan not as Peter Banning His Pan attire resembles the Disney outfit minus the cap In the live action 2003 Peter Pan film he is portrayed by Jeremy Sumpter with blond hair green eyes bare feet and a costume made of leaves and vines In the prequel to the main story 2015 Pan film he is portrayed by Levi Miller a young boy who was left as a baby by the orphanage until he gets captured by Blackbeard s pirates and taken to Neverland Here he wears just simple clothes Age editIn The Little White Bird 1902 and Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens 1906 he is seven days old Although his age is not stated in Barrie s play 1904 or novel 1911 the novel mentions that he still had all his baby teeth In other ways the character appears to be about 12 13 years old Personality editPeter is an exaggerated stereotype of a boastful and careless boy He claims greatness even when such claims are questionable such as congratulating himself when Wendy re attaches his shadow In the play and book Peter symbolises the selfishness of childhood and is portrayed as being forgetful and self centred Peter has a nonchalant devil may care attitude and is fearlessly cocky when it comes to putting himself in danger Barrie writes that when Peter thought he was going to die on Marooners Rock he felt scared yet he felt only one shudder With this blithe attitude he says To die will be an awfully big adventure In the play the unseen and unnamed narrator ponders what might have been if Peter had stayed with Wendy so that his cry might have become To live would be an awfully big adventure but he can never quite get the hang of it 13 Abilities editPeter s archetypal quality is his unending youth In Peter and Wendy it is explained that Peter must forget his own adventures and what he learns about the world in order to stay childlike Peter s ability to fly is explained but inconsistently In The Little White Bird he is able to fly because he is said to be part bird like all babies In the play and novel he teaches the Darling children to fly using a combination of lovely wonderful thoughts and fairy dust In Barrie s Dedication to the play Peter Pan The Boy Who Wouldn t Grow up 14 the author attributes the idea of fairy dust being necessary for flight to practical needs after the first production I had to add something to the play at the request of parents who thus showed that they thought me the responsible person about no one being able to fly until the fairy dust had been blown on him so many children having gone home and tried it from their beds and needed surgical attention J M Barrie Peter has an effect on the whole of Neverland and its inhabitants when he is there Barrie states that although Neverland appears different to every child the island wakes up when Peter returns from his trip to London In the chapter The Mermaids Lagoon in the book Peter and Wendy Barrie writes that there is almost nothing that Peter cannot do He is a skilled swordsman rivalling even Captain Hook whose hand he cut off in a duel He has remarkably keen vision and hearing He is skilled in mimicry copying the voice of Hook and the ticking of the clock in the crocodile Peter has the ability to imagine things into existence and he is able to feel danger when it is near In Peter and Wendy Barrie states that the Peter Pan legend Mrs Darling heard as a child was that when children died he accompanied them part of the way to their destination so they would not be frightened In the original play Peter states that no one must ever touch him though he does not know why The stage directions specify that no one does so throughout the play Wendy approaches Peter to give him a kiss thimble but is prevented by Tinker Bell However John Caird and Trevor Nunn s introduction to the script for the 1997 Royal National Theatre production states that this was never Barrie s original intention and was only added for a production in 1927 where Jean Forbes Robertson took the title role and played the part with a lighter more fairy like physicality Robertson was to play the part almost every year until 1939 Cultural allusions editThe character s name comes from two sources Peter Llewelyn Davies one of the five Llewelyn Davies boys who inspired the story and Pan a minor deity of Greek mythology who plays pipes to nymphs and is part human and part goat This is referenced in Barrie s works particularly Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens where Peter Pan plays pipes to the fairies and rides a goat The god Pan represents Nature or Man s natural state in contrast to Civilisation and the effects of upbringing on human behaviour and he experienced a significant revival of interest among English artists poets and novelists during the Edwardian period citation needed Peter Pan is a free spirit being too young to be burdened with the effects of education or to have an adult appreciation of moral responsibility As a betwixt and between who can fly and speak the language of fairies and birds Peter is part animal and part human According to psychologist Rosalind Ridley by comparing Peter s behaviour to adults and to other animals Barrie raises many post Darwinian questions about the origins of human nature and behaviour As the boy who wouldn t grow up Peter exhibits many aspects of the stages of cognitive development seen in children and can be regarded as Barrie s memory of himself as a child being both charmingly childlike and childishly solipsistic 15 Relationships editMain article Characters of Peter Pan Family edit Peter Pan ran away from his parents when he was a baby as told in Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens and Peter and Wendy Finding the window closed and seeing a new baby boy in the house when he returned some time later he believed his parents no longer wanted him and never came back This younger sibling is referred to in the chapter Lock Out Time in Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens but is not mentioned again Friends edit Maimie Mannering edit While in Kensington Gardens Peter meets a lost girl named Maimie Mannering and the two quickly become friends Peter proposes marriage to Maimie While Maimie wants to stay in the Gardens with Peter she comes to realise that her mother is so worried that she must return to her Maimie promises to always remember Peter and goes back to her mother When Maimie grows up she continues to think of Peter dedicating presents and letters to him To remember Maimie Peter rides the imaginary goat that Maimie created for him She is considered to be the literary predecessor of Wendy Darling 16 The Darlings edit Wendy Darling edit Main article Wendy Darling It is hinted that Wendy may have romantic feelings for Peter but unrequited because of his inability to love In the original novel Peter later befriends Wendy s daughter Jane and her subsequent daughter Margaret and it is implied that this pattern will go on forever From time to time Peter visits the real world and befriends children Wendy Darling whom he recruited to be his mother is the most significant of them he also brings her brothers John and Michael to Neverland at her request It is mentioned that Wendy was the only girl who captured his attention Relationship in other mediaIn the 1991 film Hook an older Wendy implies that she used to and perhaps still does have feelings for Peter saying that she was shocked that he did not prevent her wedding day In the 2002 sequel to the 1953 Disney film Return to Neverland Peter and a grown up Wendy are briefly but happily reunited after many years and continue to show feelings for each other In the 2003 film Peter Pan the feeling is mutual Captain Hook can only take away Peter s ability to fly by thoughts of Wendy leaving him growing up and replacing him with a husband Wendy saves Peter by giving him her hidden kiss which gives him the will to live signifying she is his true love John Darling and Michael Darling edit John is Wendy s younger brother He is fascinated with piracy and imitates Captain Hook while playing at home with his siblings He is also courageous and smart Michael the youngest of the Darlings is convinced that Peter Pan is a real person after hearing Wendy s vivid narratives about him During nursery games it is Michael who plays the role of Peter Pan Peter Pan In Scarlet reveals that Michael died in World War I Mary and George Darling edit The parents of Wendy John and Michael Mr Darling works as a clerk in the City and is named after George Llewelyn Davies Mrs Darling is named after Mary Ansell Barrie s wife Neverland inhabitants edit Tiger Lily edit Main article Tiger Lily Peter Pan Tiger Lily is the daughter of Great Big Little Panther the chief of the Native American tribe resident in Neverland Barrie refers to her as a princess in her own right and she is often described as such She is kidnapped by the pirates and left to die on Marooners Rock but is rescued by Peter It is hinted later that she may have romantic feelings for Peter but he does not return them as he is completely oblivious to other people s feelings In the Disney film Tiger Lily shows her gratitude by performing a dance for Peter and kissing him The kiss makes him turn bright red and makes Wendy jealous of Tiger Lily Tinker Bell edit Main article Tinker Bell Tinker Bell is a common fairy who is Peter Pan s best friend and is often jealously protective of him He nicknames her Tink She is the friend who helps him in his escapades Tink s malicious actions are usually caused by her jealousy these lead to the Lost Boys shooting arrows at Wendy and eventually revealing Peter s hideout to Captain Hook in the hope that Wendy will be captured rather than Peter When Tink realises her serious mistake she risks her own life by drinking the poison Hook has left for Peter Her extreme loyalty and dedication to Peter are everlasting The Lost Boys edit Main article Lost Boys Peter Pan Peter is the leader of the Lost Boys which include Tootles Nibs Slightly Curly and The Twins The Lost Boys is a band of boys who were lost by their parents after they fall out of their perambulators and came to live in Neverland In Barrie s novel Peter and Wendy but not the original play Peter Pan it is stated that Peter thins them out when they start to grow up This is never fully explained but it is implied that he either kills them or banishes them In the song I Won t Grow Up from the 1954 musical the boys sing I will stay a boy forever to which Peter replies And be banished if I don t In Peter Pan in Scarlet 2006 the official sequel to Barrie s Peter and Wendy what happens to the Lost Boys when they begin to grow up is revealed when Slightly starts to grow older as Peter banishes him to Nowhereland which means that he and all his allies will ignore the banished person s existence the home of all the Long Lost Boys whom Peter has banished in times past The Crocodile edit The crocodile is Captain Hook s nemesis After Peter Pan cut off Captain Hook s hand in a fight and threw it into the sea the crocodile swallowed it and got a taste for Hook so it now seeks to consume him whole It also swallowed a ticking clock which alerts Hook of its presence Adversaries edit Captain Hook edit Main article Captain Hook Captain Hook whose right hand was cut off in a duel is Peter Pan s arch enemy who leads a large group of pirates Captain Hook s two principal fears are the sight of his own blood which is supposedly an unnatural colour and one saltwater crocodile His name plays on the iron hook that replaced his hand cut off by Peter Pan and eaten by the aforementioned crocodile which continues to pursue Hook Mr Smee edit Main article Mr Smee Mr Smee is Captain Hook s boatswain bo sun and right hand man in J M Barrie s play Peter Pan and the novel Peter and Wendy Mr Smee is Captain Hook s direct confidant Unlike the other pirates Smee is often clumsy and incapable of capturing any of the Lost Boys Rather than engaging in Hook s evil schemes Smee finds excitement in bagging loot and treasures Original works editFor a more comprehensive list see Works based on Peter Pan nbsp Cover of 1915 edition of J M Barrie s novel first published in 1911 illustrated by F D Bedford 17 Peter Pan or The Boy Who Wouldn t Grow Up 1904 play a play in which Peter brings Wendy and her brothers to Neverland where he has a showdown with his nemesis Captain Hook Barrie adapted this play as a novel numerous variations and other adaptations have been produced in various media Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens 1906 an origin story wherein the infant Peter flies away from his home takes up residence in Kensington Gardens and befriends the fairies It is a book within a book that was first published in Barrie s The Little White Bird 1902 When Wendy Grew Up An Afterthought 1908 Barrie s sequel play Peter and Wendy 1911 a novel Barrie adapted from the 1904 play later republished as Peter Pan and Wendy it also incorporates events of Barrie s sequel play When Wendy Grew Up An Afterthought 1908 Popular culture editMotion pictures and television edit nbsp Peter Pan as he appears in Walt Disney s film adaptation 1953 Peter Pan appeared for the first time on screen in the 1924 American silent adventure film Peter Pan released by Paramount Pictures as an adaptation of the original stage play Since their 1953 animated film Disney has continued to use Peter Pan as a character as in the sequel film Return to Never Land and in the Disney Parks both as a meetable character based in Fantasyland and as the protagonist of the dark ride Peter Pan s Flight also located in Fantasyland within most parks He also appears in the television series House of Mouse and its film Mickey s Magical Christmas several Disney video games including the Kingdom Hearts series and the television series based on Peter Pan Jake and the Never Land Pirates An older and much darker interpretation of this Peter Pan appears in the Chip n Dale Rescue Rangers film adaptation appearing as the main antagonist voiced by Will Arnett 18 nbsp The Paradise of Peter Pan by Edward Mason Eggleston 1934Fox s Peter Pan and the Pirates was an American animated television series produced by Fox 65 episodes aired on Fox Kids from 1990 to 1991 In 1991 Robin Williams portrayed Peter Pan in the live action film Hook directed by Steven Spielberg also starring Dustin Hoffman as Captain Hook and Julia Roberts as Tinker Bell In 2003 Jeremy Sumpter portrayed Peter in the live action film directed by P J Hogan In 2012 Les Nouvelles Aventures de Peter Pan a computer animated television series was released In 2015 Levi Miller portrayed Peter Pan in Pan a live action origin movie In 2015 Peter and Wendy aired on ITV produced by Headline Pictures with Zac Sutcliffe portraying Peter In 2023 Disney released Peter Pan amp Wendy a live action reimagining of the 1953 Disney animated film with Peter Pan being portrayed by Alexander Molony Manga anime games and comics edit In the early 1930s Edward Mason Eggleston painted a series of images for calendars that included Peter Pan Native American princesses and pirates J R R Tolkien s biographer Humphrey Carpenter has speculated that Tolkien s impressions of a 1910 production of Barrie s Peter Pan in Birmingham may have had a little to do with his original conception of the Elves of Middle Earth 19 He appears in the Italian comic series Martin Mystere Japanese manga artist Mayu Sakai appropriated the English term for her series Peter Pan Syndrome 20 Game author Diana Gaeta developed a Dungeons amp Dragons campaign setting named Neverland The Impossible Island that allows players to interact with Peter Pan in an environment based on Peter and Wendy by J M Barrie 21 Fiction writer Jonathan Green published a role playing gamebook titled Neverland Here Be Monsters in which Peter Pan appears as a playable character This version s background story attributes his flight ability and eternal youth to cybernetic implants installed by his genius father after Peter was severely injured by one of the dinosaurs roaming Neverland 22 Music edit Canadian singer songwriter Ruth B released the piano ballad Lost Boy in 2015 featuring Peter Pan and Neverland and inspired by the character s appearance in Once Upon a Time Italian songwriter Edoardo Bennato released a concept album Sono solo canzonette in 1980 based on Peter Pan and other characters created by Barrie Norwegian Swedish singer Anni Frid Lyngstad recorded the song Peter Pan by Benny Andersson and Bjorn Ulvaeus in 1969 Swiss singer Paola del Medico performed a song themed on the Peter Pan tale in 1982 Pop rock musicians The Jonas Brothers song Fly With Me makes direct references to Peter Pan and Wendy in the lyrics Country singer songwriter Kelsea Ballerini released a top charting country single and song titled Peter Pan in 2016 South Korean boy band BTS released a music video called Adult Child the song makes reference to the Peter Pan story British musician Kate Bush included her song In Search of Peter Pan on her second album Lionheart 1978 Korean boy band EXO released a track called Peter Pan on both the Mandarin and Korean versions of the album XOXO 2013 Serbian and Yugoslav rock band Petar Pan was named after the character Peterpan is the former name for an Indonesian pop rock band now called Noah The eleventh track of singer songwriter Troye Sivan s debut studio album Blue Neighbourhood 2015 is titled Lost Boy inspired by Peter Pan In Chance The Rapper s song Same Drugs featured in the album Coloring Book 2015 he makes multiple references to Peter Pan and Wendy another major character in the novel Taylor Swift s single Cardigan includes multiple references to the Peter Pan story Blues psychedelic rock band Kula Shaker included the track Peter Pan RIP featured in their fourth album Pilgrims Progress Italian singer songwriter Ultimo named his second album Peter Pan 2018 It contains the song Peter Pan Vuoi Volare Con Me meaning will you fly with me Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish make references to Peter Pan in some of their songs notably Fantasmic from their 2000 album Wishmaster and in their 2011 single Storytime from their seventh album Imaginaerum South Korean girl group G I DLE released a track called Peter Pan Korean 어린 어른 RR eorin eoreun translation Young Adult on their sixth EP I Feel 2023 Other uses in popular culture edit The name Peter Pan has been adopted for various purposes over the years Several businesses have adopted the name including Peter Pan Bus Lines Peter Pan peanut butter Peter Pan Records and Peter Pan Seafoods Three Thoroughbred racehorses have been given the name the first Peter Pan I was born in 1904 In the early 1960s some Cuban families sent their children to resettle in Miami in an emergency effort calculated to save the children from perceived potential mistreatment under the Castro socialist regime the program was called Operation Peter Pan or Operacion Pedro Pan American psychologist Dr Dan Kiley popularised the Peter Pan syndrome puer aeternus in his book The Peter Pan Syndrome Men Who Have Never Grown Up 1983 23 He described individuals usually male with underdeveloped maturity 24 His next book The Wendy Dilemma 1984 advises women romantically involved with Peter Pans how to improve their relationships 25 Public sculptures editMain article Peter Pan statue nbsp Peter Pan statue in Kensington Gardens London England 1912 by George FramptonBarrie commissioned a statue of Peter Pan by the sculptor George Frampton which was erected overnight in Kensington Gardens on 30 April 1912 as a May Day surprise to the children of London Seven statues have been cast from the original mould 26 The other six are located in Egmont Park fr Brussels Belgium 27 1924 Bowring Park St John s Newfoundland Canada 1925 Johnson Park Camden New Jersey United States 28 1926 Queens Gardens Perth Western Australia 29 1927 Sefton Park Liverpool England 30 1928 Glenn Gould Park Toronto Ontario Canada 31 1929Other statues are In 1925 the town council of Melbourne Australia commissioned a statue of Peter Pan by Paul Montfort 32 it is now located in Melbourne Zoo 33 In 1928 Charles Andrew Hafner created a bronze statue for a fountain in the lobby of the old Paramount Theater in Times Square but it is now situated in Carl Schurz Park New York 34 In 1949 a statue of Peter Pan by Alex Proudfoot RSA Principal of Glasgow School of Art was erected at the Mearnskirk Hospital for children in Glasgow commissioned by Alfred Ellsworth in memory of his friend Dr John A Wilson first superintendent of Mearnskirk Hospital Wilson had also been a school friend of J M Barrie s 35 A statue by Ivan Mitford Barberton was commissioned by Vyvyan and Gwen Watson in remembrance of their son Peter and given in 1959 to the Red Cross War Memorial Children s Hospital in Western Cape South Africa 36 A pair of statues by Cecil Thomas one showing Peter Pan and Tinker Bell and the other Wendy and the Darling children have been located in Dunedin Botanic Gardens in Dunedin New Zealand since the 1960s 37 A slightly different version of the Peter Pan statue also by Thomas can be found close to Rotokawau Virginia Lake in Whanganui New Zealand 38 A bronze statue by Alistair Smart originally commissioned by the Angus Milling Company in 1972 is situated in the main square of Kirriemuir Scotland 39 In 1976 Ronald Thomason sculpted a bronze statue in front of the Weatherford Texas public library honouring Weatherford native Mary Martin who had portrayed Peter Pan in the 1954 Broadway musical production and several subsequent telecasts A bronze statue by Diarmuid Byron O Connor was commissioned by Great Ormond Street Hospital in London and unveiled in 2000 showing Peter blowing fairy dust with Tinker Bell added in 2005 40 Statues of Peter Pan nbsp Statue in Kirriemuir Scotland nbsp Statue in Dunedin New Zealand nbsp Peter Pan statue at Great Ormond Street Hospital London nbsp Peter Pan statue at Carl Schurz Park New York NYCSee also edit nbsp Novels portal nbsp Children s literature portalPeter Pan 1954 musical Peter and Wendy copyright status Peter Pan syndrome Puer aeternus Works based on Peter PanReferences edit Barrie J M 2011 Peter Pan Broadview Press p 29 Border region s special stamps ITV Archived from the original on 20 September 2022 Retrieved 20 September 2022 Mr Barrie s New Play A Christmas Fairy Tale The Glasgow Herald 28 December 1904 p 7 Archived from the original on 24 January 2022 Retrieved 20 August 2020 Birkin Andrew 2003 J M Barrie amp the Lost Boys Yale University Press p 47 ISBN 0 300 09822 7 Birkin Andrew J M Barrie and the Lost Boys Yale University Press 1986 Barrie J M Peter Pan play Hodder amp Stoughton 1928 Act I Scene 1 a b Barrie J M Peter and Wendy Hodder amp Stoughton 1911 Chapter 1 Bruce K Hanson Peter Pan on Stage and Screen 1904 2010 McFarland 2011 J M Barrie s Birthplace Nts org uk Archived from the original on 3 April 2018 Retrieved 17 June 2014 Daniel O Connor illustrated by Alice B Woodward The Peter Pan Picture Book Bell amp Sons 1907 Peter Pan s ABC illustrated by Flora White Hodder amp Stoughton 1913 May Byron illustrated by Mabel Lucie Atwell Peter Pan and Wendy Hodder amp Stoughton 1921 Barrie J M Peter Pan Hodder amp Stoughton 1928 Act V Scene 2 Barrie J M Peter Pan Hodder amp Stoughton 1928 To the Five A Dedication Ridley Rosalind 2016 Peter Pan and the Mind of J M Barrie Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN 978 1 4438 9107 3 Rose Jacqueline The Case of Peter Pan Or The Impossibility of Children s Fiction University of Pennsylvania Press 1984 p 28 Francis Donkin Bedford died in 1954 and his works are in copyright until 2024 in Europe If this work is not work for hire then it is fair use Zuckerman Esther 20 May 2022 Chip n Dale Rescue Rangers Riffs on Roger Rabbit but Has No Bite Thrillst Archived from the original on 20 May 2022 Retrieved 20 May 2022 Carpenter Humphrey 1977 J R R Tolkien A Biography New York Ballantine Books ISBN 978 0 04 928037 3 Peter Pan Syndrome 20 September 2010 Archived from the original on 30 December 2011 Retrieved 12 September 2012 Neverland The Impossible Island Archived from the original on 5 June 2020 Retrieved 6 June 2020 Green Jonathan Neverland Here Be Monsters Snowbooks 2019 ISBN 978 1911390411 Kiley Dr Dan The Peter Pan Syndrome Men Who Have Never Grown Up Avon Books 1983 ISBN 978 0380688906 Various materials compiled from University of Granada 3 May 2007 Overprotecting Parents Can Lead Children To Develop Peter Pan Syndrome ScienceDaily Archived from the original on 19 November 2012 Retrieved 12 September 2012 Kiley Dr Dan 1984 The Wendy Dilemma When Women Stop Mothering Their Men Arbor House Publishing ISBN 9780877956259 Peter Pan Statue Public Art Around the World Archived from the original on 2 May 2012 Retrieved 22 May 2012 Peter Pan statue regains panflute City of Brussels Archived from the original on 22 February 2014 Retrieved 13 March 2014 Johnson Park Restoration Johnson park camden rutgers edu 24 September 1926 Archived from the original on 8 July 2010 Retrieved 8 May 2010 Perth Vista Queens Gardens Globe Vista 2008 Archived from the original on 11 March 2010 Retrieved 30 December 2009 Peter Pan Liverpoolmuseums org uk 16 June 1928 Archived from the original on 28 February 2010 Retrieved 8 May 2010 Cities of the World Lostrivers ca Archived from the original on 10 May 2010 Retrieved 24 January 2010 10 Melbourne Public Sculptures Intended for Children 7 November 2015 Archived from the original on 6 August 2020 Retrieved 12 March 2019 Peter Pan Statue Archived 28 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Melbourne Zoo Carl Schurz Park Monuments Peter Pan NYC Parks nycgovparks org Archived from the original on 11 April 2018 Retrieved 10 April 2018 Mearnskirk Hospital Portal to the Past Archived from the original on 26 February 2014 Retrieved 17 June 2014 Story of the Peter Pan Statue Childrenshospitaltrust org za Archived from the original on 6 October 2014 Retrieved 17 June 2014 New life for Peter Pan and Wendy the art and science of bronze conservation in Dunedin nzine co nz 3 December 2002 Archived from the original on 3 March 2014 Retrieved 23 October 2012 Peter Pan by Cecil Thomas 1967 coastalartstrail nz Retrieved 1 June 2023 West Mark I 2003 A Children s Literature Tour of Great Britain Scarecrow Press p 17 The Great Ormond Street Hospital Tinker Bell by Diarmuid Byron O Connor Fairiesworld com 29 September 2005 Archived from the original on 12 May 2018 Retrieved 17 June 2014 External links edit Peter Pan Complete Internet Archive 11 October 1911 nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Peter and Wendy nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peter Pan character Peter Pan at Project Gutenberg 1991 Millennium Fulcrum Edition Neverpedia archived 27 January 2013 Peter Pan over 100 years of the boy who wouldn t grow up from the Museum of the City of New York Collections blog Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Peter Pan amp oldid 1184173151, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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