The abbreviation is used in an endnote or footnote to refer the reader to a cited work, standing in for repetition of the full title of the work.[1]Op. cit. thus refers the reader to the bibliography, where the full citation of the work can be found, or to a full citation given in a previous footnote. Op. cit. should never, therefore, be used on its own, which would be meaningless, but most often with the author's surname,[1] or another brief clue as to which work is referred to. For example, given a work called The World of Salamanders (1999) by Jane Q. Smith, the style would typically be "Smith op. cit.", usually followed by a page number, to refer the reader to a previous full citation of this work (or with further clarification such as "Smith 1999, op. cit." or "Smith, World of Salamanders, op. cit.", if two sources by that author are cited). Given names or initials are not needed unless the work cites two authors with the same surname, as the whole purpose of using op. cit. is the economy of text. For works without an individually named author, the title can be used, e.g. "CIA World Fact Book, op. cit." As usual with foreign words and phrases, op. cit. is typically given in italics. The variant Loc. cit., an abbreviation of the Latin phrase loco citato meaning "in the place cited",[1] has been used for the same purpose but also indicating the same page not simply the same work; it is now rarely used or recognized.
The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, claims that op. cit. and loc. cit. are "rightly falling into disuse", and "instead uses the short-title form",[1] e.g. the form World of Salamanders, to use the example above.[2] Various different styles call for other alternatives, such as a reference to the author's surname and publication year, e.g. "Smith 1999".
Op. cit is contrasted with ibid., an abbreviation of the Latin adverb ibidem, meaning "in the same place; in that very place"[3][4] which refers the reader to the title of the work in the preceding footnote. The easily confused idem (sometimes abbreviated id.), the Latin definitive pronoun meaning "the same"[5] is also used on occasion (especially in legal writing) within footnotes, and is a stand-in for the last-cited author, rather than title.[5] The Latin adverb supra, meaning "above", means simply "see above" and can therefore be somewhat imprecise.
Examples
Footnotes 9 to 15:
(9) R. Millan, Art of Latin Grammar (Academic: New York, 1997), p. 23.
(10) G. Wiki, Language and Its Uses (Blah Ltd.: London, 2000), p. 217.
(11) G. Wiki, Towards a More Perfect Speech (Blah Ltd.: London, 2003), p. 354.
(12) G. Wiki, I Say, You Say (Blah Ltd.: London, 2003), p. 35.
(13) Millan, op. cit., p. 5.
(14) Wiki 2000, op. cit., p. 66.
(15) Wiki, I Say, You Say, op. cit., p. 4.
Reference number 13 refers to the last cited work by the author R. Millan, and hence, it is the same as in number 9 (R. Millan, Art of Latin Grammar), although the page referred to is different. Reference number 14 refers to reference number 10, Language and Its Uses (because the work was published in 2000), page 66. Reference number 15 refers to reference number 12: there are two works by Wiki published in 2003 so you must use the title.
For the short-title form:
(9) R. Millan, Art of Latin Grammar (Academic: New York, 1997), p. 23.
(10) G. Wiki, Language and Its Uses (Blah Ltd.: London, 2000), p. 217.
(11) G. Wiki, Towards a More Perfect Speech (Blah Ltd.: London, 2003), p. 354
(12) G. Wiki, I Say, You Say (Blah Ltd.: London, 2003), p. 35
^ abcdefFisher Saller, Carol; Harper, Russell David, eds. (2010). "14.31: Op. cit. and loc. cit.". The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.). Chicago: Univiversity of Chicago Press. p. 670. ISBN978-0-226-10420-1.
^Chicago (2011), "14.28: Short form for titles", pp. 668–669.
^Marchant; Charles (eds.). "ibidem". Cassell's Latin Dictionary (260th ed.).
Introduction to bibliographies and citation styles
January 17, 2023
abbreviation, latin, phrase, opus, citatum, opere, citato, meaning, work, cited, cited, work, respectively, contents, overview, examples, also, references, external, linksoverview, editthe, abbreviation, used, endnote, footnote, refer, reader, cited, work, sta. Op cit is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase opus citatum or opere citato 1 meaning the work cited or in the cited work respectively 1 Contents 1 Overview 2 Examples 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksOverview EditThe abbreviation is used in an endnote or footnote to refer the reader to a cited work standing in for repetition of the full title of the work 1 Op cit thus refers the reader to the bibliography where the full citation of the work can be found or to a full citation given in a previous footnote Op cit should never therefore be used on its own which would be meaningless but most often with the author s surname 1 or another brief clue as to which work is referred to For example given a work called The World of Salamanders 1999 by Jane Q Smith the style would typically be Smith op cit usually followed by a page number to refer the reader to a previous full citation of this work or with further clarification such as Smith 1999 op cit or Smith World of Salamanders op cit if two sources by that author are cited Given names or initials are not needed unless the work cites two authors with the same surname as the whole purpose of using op cit is the economy of text For works without an individually named author the title can be used e g CIA World Fact Book op cit As usual with foreign words and phrases op cit is typically given in italics The variant Loc cit an abbreviation of the Latin phrase loco citato meaning in the place cited 1 has been used for the same purpose but also indicating the same page not simply the same work it is now rarely used or recognized The Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition claims that op cit and loc cit are rightly falling into disuse and instead uses the short title form 1 e g the form World of Salamanders to use the example above 2 Various different styles call for other alternatives such as a reference to the author s surname and publication year e g Smith 1999 Op cit is contrasted with ibid an abbreviation of the Latin adverb ibidem meaning in the same place in that very place 3 4 which refers the reader to the title of the work in the preceding footnote The easily confused idem sometimes abbreviated id the Latin definitive pronoun meaning the same 5 is also used on occasion especially in legal writing within footnotes and is a stand in for the last cited author rather than title 5 The Latin adverb supra meaning above means simply see above and can therefore be somewhat imprecise Examples EditFootnotes 9 to 15 9 R Millan Art of Latin Grammar Academic New York 1997 p 23 10 G Wiki Language and Its Uses Blah Ltd London 2000 p 217 11 G Wiki Towards a More Perfect Speech Blah Ltd London 2003 p 354 12 G Wiki I Say You Say Blah Ltd London 2003 p 35 13 Millan op cit p 5 14 Wiki 2000 op cit p 66 15 Wiki I Say You Say op cit p 4 Reference number 13 refers to the last cited work by the author R Millan and hence it is the same as in number 9 R Millan Art of Latin Grammar although the page referred to is different Reference number 14 refers to reference number 10 Language and Its Uses because the work was published in 2000 page 66 Reference number 15 refers to reference number 12 there are two works by Wiki published in 2003 so you must use the title For the short title form 9 R Millan Art of Latin Grammar Academic New York 1997 p 23 10 G Wiki Language and Its Uses Blah Ltd London 2000 p 217 11 G Wiki Towards a More Perfect Speech Blah Ltd London 2003 p 354 12 G Wiki I Say You Say Blah Ltd London 2003 p 35 13 Art of Latin Grammar p 5 14 Language and Its Uses p 66 15 I Say You Say p 4 This is exactly the same as the long form above See also EditBibliography MLA style may or may not apply to APA style References Edit a b c d e f Fisher Saller Carol Harper Russell David eds 2010 14 31 Op cit and loc cit The Chicago Manual of Style 16th ed Chicago Univiversity of Chicago Press p 670 ISBN 978 0 226 10420 1 Chicago 2011 14 28 Short form for titles pp 668 669 Marchant Charles eds ibidem Cassell s Latin Dictionary 260th ed Chicago 2011 14 29 Ibid p 669 a b Chicago 2011 14 30 Idem pp 669 630 External links EditDictionary com ibid Introduction to bibliographies and citation styles Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Op cit amp oldid 1092940416, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
