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New-York Tribune

The New-York Tribune (from 1914: New York Tribune) was an American newspaper founded in 1841 by editor Horace Greeley. It bore the moniker New-York Daily Tribune from 1842 to 1866 before returning to its original name.[1] From the 1840s through the 1860s it was the dominant newspaper first of the American Whig Party, then of the Republican Party. The paper achieved a circulation of approximately 200,000 in the 1850s, making it the largest daily paper in New York City at the time. The Tribune's editorials were widely read, shared, and copied in other city newspapers, helping to shape national opinion. It was one of the first papers in the North to send reporters, correspondents, and illustrators to cover the campaigns of the American Civil War. It continued as an independent daily newspaper until 1924, when it merged with the New York Herald. The resulting New York Herald Tribune remained in publication until 1966.

New-York Tribune
Front page of the November 16, 1864 edition of New-York Tribune
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatBroadsheet
Founded1841
Ceased publication1924; 99 years ago (1924); merged with New York Herald to form the New York Herald Tribune
HeadquartersManhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.

Among those who served on the paper's editorial board were Bayard Taylor, George Ripley, and Isidor Lewi.[2][3]

History Edit

 
Daguerreotype of the Tribune editorial staff by famed later Civil War photographer Mathew Brady (1822–1896), taken c. 1850s. Horace Greeley (1811–1872), is seated, second from the right. Editor Charles Anderson Dana (1819–1897), is standing, center.
 
The New York Tribune building, today the site of One Pace Plaza in lower Manhattan.

The Tribune was created by Horace Greeley in 1841 with the goal of providing a straightforward, trustworthy media source. Greeley had previously published a weekly newspaper, The New Yorker (unrelated to the later modern magazine of the same name), in 1833 and was also publisher of the Whig Party's political organ, Log Cabin. In 1841, he merged operations of these two publications into a new newspaper that he named the New-York Tribune.[4]

Greeley sponsored a host of reforms, including pacifism and feminism and especially the ideal of the hardworking free laborer. Greeley demanded reforms to make all citizens free and equal. He envisioned virtuous citizens who would eradicate corruption. He talked endlessly about progress, improvement, and freedom, while calling for harmony between labor and capital.[5] Greeley's editorials promoted social democratic reforms and were widely reprinted. They influenced the free-labor ideology of the Whigs and the radical wing of the Republican Party, especially in promoting the free-labor ideology. Before 1848 he sponsored an American version of Fourierist socialist reform, but backed away after the failed revolutions of 1848 in Europe.[6]

To promote multiple reforms, Greeley hired a roster of writers who later became famous in their own right, including Margaret Fuller,[7] Charles Anderson Dana, George William Curtis, William Henry Fry, Bayard Taylor, George Ripley, Julius Chambers, and Henry Jarvis Raymond, who later co-founded The New York Times.[8] In 1852–62, the paper retained Karl Marx as its London-based European correspondent. Friedrich Engels also submitted articles under Marx's by-line.[9] Marx resented much of his time working for the Tribune, particularly the many edits and deadlines they imposed upon him, and bemoaned the "excessive fragmentation of [his] studies", noting that since much of his work was reporting on current economic events, "I was compelled to become conversant with practical detail which, strictly speaking, lie outside the sphere of political economy".[10] Engels wrote "It doesn't matter if they are never read again.". In the same correspondence Marx disparagingly referred to the publication as a "blotting paper vendor". Nevertheless, Engels cited this career as a positive achievement of Marx's during a eulogy given at his funeral.[11][12]

Edgar Allan Poe's poem "Annabel Lee" was first published in the newspaper as part of his October 9, 1849, obituary, "Death of Edgar A. Poe", by Rufus Griswold.[13] In addition, Poe's "The Bells" was published in the October 17, 1849, issue as "Poe's Last Poem".[14]

Political influence Edit

Founded in a time of civil unrest, the paper joined the newly formed Republican Party in 1854, named it after the party of Thomas Jefferson, and emphasized its opposition to slavery. The paper generated a large readership, with a circulation of approximately 200,000 during the 1850s. This made the paper the largest circulation daily in New York City—gaining commensurate influence among voters and political decision-makers in the process.[15] During the Civil War Greeley crusaded against slavery, lambasting Democrats while calling for a mandatory draft of soldiers for the first time in the U.S. This led to an Irish mob attempting to burn down the Tribune building in lower Manhattan during the Draft Riots.[16]

Greeley ran for president as the nominee of the Liberal Republican Party (and subsequently the Democratic Party) in the 1872 election against incumbent Ulysses S. Grant in his bid for a second term. Greeley was unsuccessful and, soon after the defeat, checked into Dr. George C.S. Choate's Sanitarium, where he died only a few weeks later. Tribune editor Whitelaw Reid purchased the paper following Greeley's death.

In 1886, with Reid's support, the Tribune became the first publication in the world to be printed on a linotype machine, which was invented by a German immigrant, inventor Ottmar Mergenthaler. This technique allowed it to exceed the standard newspaper size of only eight pages while still speeding up printing time per copy, thereby increasing the overall number of copies that could be printed.

New York Herald Tribune Edit

Under Reid's son, Ogden Mills Reid, the paper acquired and merged with the New York Herald in 1924 to form the New York Herald Tribune. The New York Herald Tribune continued to be run by Ogden M. Reid until his death in 1947.

Former Tribune buildings today Edit

Archives Edit

Copies of the New-York Tribune are available on microfilm at many large libraries and online at the Library of Congress.[17] Also, indices from selected years in the late nineteenth century are available on the Library of Congress' website. The original paper articles from the newspaper's morgue are kept at The Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin.

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ "About New-York daily tribune".
  2. ^ Studio, Times (1939-01-03). "ISIDOR LEWI DEAD; LONG A JOURNALIST; Member of Herald Tribune Staff Was 88 and Had Been News Writer Since 1870 COVERED THE CHICAGO FIRE Also Wrots of Historic River Packet Races--Saw Lincoln on Way to Inaugural". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  3. ^ "Editorial staff of the New York Tribune.," Library of Congress.
  4. ^ Glyndon G. van Deusen, Horace Greeley: 19th Century Crusader (1953) pp 51-58.
  5. ^ Mitchell Snay, Horace Greeley and the Politics of Reform in Nineteenth-Century America (2011).
  6. ^ Adam-Max Tuchinsky, "'The Bourgeoisie Will Fall and Fall Forever': The New-York Tribune, the 1848 French Revolution, and American Social Democratic Discourse." Journal of American History 92.2 (2005): 470-497.
  7. ^ Paula Kopacz, "Feminist at the 'Tribune': Margaret Fuller as Professional Writer." Studies in the American Renaissance (1991): 119-139. online
  8. ^ Sandburg, Carl (1942). Storm Over the Land. Harcourt, Brace and Company.
  9. ^ Saul K. Padover, Karl Marx: An Intimate Biography. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978; pp. 301, 605.
  10. ^ "Economic Manuscripts: Preface to a Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy".
  11. ^ "Engels' burial speech".
  12. ^ "1883: The death of Karl Marx".
  13. ^ The New-York Daily Tribune, Tuesday, October 9, 1849, "Death of Edgar A. Poe", page 2.
  14. ^ The New-York Daily Tribune, Wednesday, October 17, 1849, "Poe's Last Poem", From the Union Magazine for November, front page.
  15. ^ Frank Luther Mott, American Journalism: A History, 1690-1960 (1962) pp 271-78.
  16. ^ Van Deusen, Horace Greeley: 19th Century Crusader (1953) pp 283-85, 289, 298-300.
  17. ^ "About New-York tribune. (New York [N.Y.]) 1866–1924," Library of Congress.

Further reading Edit

  • The New York Tribune: A Sketch of Its History. New York. 1883.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • "New-York Tribune and New York Daily Tribune". Chronicling America, Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
  • Baehr, Harry W. (1936). The New York Tribune since the Civil War. New York: Octagon Books. ISBN 0374903352.
  • Borchard, Gregory A. (2008). "New York Tribune". In Vaughn, Stephen L. (ed.). Encyclopedia of American Journalism. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. pp. 343–345. ISBN 978-0-415-96950-5.
  • Fahrney, Ralph Ray (1936). Horace Greeley and the Tribune in the Civil War. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Torch Press.
  • Guarneri, Carl J. Lincoln's Informer: Charles A. Dana and the Inside Story of the Union War (University Press of Kansas, 2019).
  • Holzer, Harold. Lincoln and the Power of the Press: The War for Public Opinion (Simon & Schuster, 2014).
  • Isely, Jeter A. (1947). Horace Greeley and the Republican Party, 1853–1861: A Study of the New York Tribune. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Kluger, Richard, with the assistance of Phyllis Kluger. (1986). The Paper: The Life and Death of the New York Herald Tribune. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394508777.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Lundberg, James M. Horace Greeley: Print, Politics, and the Failure of American Nationhood (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2019).
  • Maihafer, Harry J. (1998). The General and the Journalists: Ulysses S. Grant, Horace Greeley, and Charles Dana. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's. ISBN 1574881051.
  • Seitz, Don C. Horace Greeley: Founder of the New York Tribune (1926) online edition
  • Tuchinsky, Adam. Horace Greeley's 'New-York Tribune': Civil War-Era Socialism and the Crisis of Free Labor (Cornell University Press, 2009).
  • Van Deusen, Glyndon G. Horace Greeley, Nineteenth-Century Crusader (1953), standard biography online edition

See also Edit

External links Edit

  • Works by or about New-York Tribune at Internet Archive
  • Works by New-York Tribune at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)  
  • Library of Congress digitized all issues 1842-1866
  • Library of Congress digitized all issues 1866-1922

york, tribune, confused, with, york, herald, tribune, international, herald, tribune, york, city, tribune, from, 1914, york, tribune, american, newspaper, founded, 1841, editor, horace, greeley, bore, moniker, york, daily, tribune, from, 1842, 1866, before, re. Not to be confused with New York Herald Tribune International Herald Tribune or New York City Tribune The New York Tribune from 1914 New York Tribune was an American newspaper founded in 1841 by editor Horace Greeley It bore the moniker New York Daily Tribune from 1842 to 1866 before returning to its original name 1 From the 1840s through the 1860s it was the dominant newspaper first of the American Whig Party then of the Republican Party The paper achieved a circulation of approximately 200 000 in the 1850s making it the largest daily paper in New York City at the time The Tribune s editorials were widely read shared and copied in other city newspapers helping to shape national opinion It was one of the first papers in the North to send reporters correspondents and illustrators to cover the campaigns of the American Civil War It continued as an independent daily newspaper until 1924 when it merged with the New York Herald The resulting New York Herald Tribune remained in publication until 1966 New York TribuneFront page of the November 16 1864 edition of New York TribuneTypeDaily newspaperFormatBroadsheetFounded1841Ceased publication1924 99 years ago 1924 merged with New York Herald to form the New York Herald TribuneHeadquartersManhattan New York City New York U S Among those who served on the paper s editorial board were Bayard Taylor George Ripley and Isidor Lewi 2 3 Contents 1 History 1 1 Political influence 1 2 New York Herald Tribune 2 Former Tribune buildings today 3 Archives 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 See also 8 External linksHistory Edit nbsp Daguerreotype of the Tribune editorial staff by famed later Civil War photographer Mathew Brady 1822 1896 taken c 1850s Horace Greeley 1811 1872 is seated second from the right Editor Charles Anderson Dana 1819 1897 is standing center nbsp The New York Tribune building today the site of One Pace Plaza in lower Manhattan The Tribune was created by Horace Greeley in 1841 with the goal of providing a straightforward trustworthy media source Greeley had previously published a weekly newspaper The New Yorker unrelated to the later modern magazine of the same name in 1833 and was also publisher of the Whig Party s political organ Log Cabin In 1841 he merged operations of these two publications into a new newspaper that he named the New York Tribune 4 Greeley sponsored a host of reforms including pacifism and feminism and especially the ideal of the hardworking free laborer Greeley demanded reforms to make all citizens free and equal He envisioned virtuous citizens who would eradicate corruption He talked endlessly about progress improvement and freedom while calling for harmony between labor and capital 5 Greeley s editorials promoted social democratic reforms and were widely reprinted They influenced the free labor ideology of the Whigs and the radical wing of the Republican Party especially in promoting the free labor ideology Before 1848 he sponsored an American version of Fourierist socialist reform but backed away after the failed revolutions of 1848 in Europe 6 To promote multiple reforms Greeley hired a roster of writers who later became famous in their own right including Margaret Fuller 7 Charles Anderson Dana George William Curtis William Henry Fry Bayard Taylor George Ripley Julius Chambers and Henry Jarvis Raymond who later co founded The New York Times 8 In 1852 62 the paper retained Karl Marx as its London based European correspondent Friedrich Engels also submitted articles under Marx s by line 9 Marx resented much of his time working for the Tribune particularly the many edits and deadlines they imposed upon him and bemoaned the excessive fragmentation of his studies noting that since much of his work was reporting on current economic events I was compelled to become conversant with practical detail which strictly speaking lie outside the sphere of political economy 10 Engels wrote It doesn t matter if they are never read again In the same correspondence Marx disparagingly referred to the publication as a blotting paper vendor Nevertheless Engels cited this career as a positive achievement of Marx s during a eulogy given at his funeral 11 12 Edgar Allan Poe s poem Annabel Lee was first published in the newspaper as part of his October 9 1849 obituary Death of Edgar A Poe by Rufus Griswold 13 In addition Poe s The Bells was published in the October 17 1849 issue as Poe s Last Poem 14 Political influence Edit Founded in a time of civil unrest the paper joined the newly formed Republican Party in 1854 named it after the party of Thomas Jefferson and emphasized its opposition to slavery The paper generated a large readership with a circulation of approximately 200 000 during the 1850s This made the paper the largest circulation daily in New York City gaining commensurate influence among voters and political decision makers in the process 15 During the Civil War Greeley crusaded against slavery lambasting Democrats while calling for a mandatory draft of soldiers for the first time in the U S This led to an Irish mob attempting to burn down the Tribune building in lower Manhattan during the Draft Riots 16 Greeley ran for president as the nominee of the Liberal Republican Party and subsequently the Democratic Party in the 1872 election against incumbent Ulysses S Grant in his bid for a second term Greeley was unsuccessful and soon after the defeat checked into Dr George C S Choate s Sanitarium where he died only a few weeks later Tribune editor Whitelaw Reid purchased the paper following Greeley s death In 1886 with Reid s support the Tribune became the first publication in the world to be printed on a linotype machine which was invented by a German immigrant inventor Ottmar Mergenthaler This technique allowed it to exceed the standard newspaper size of only eight pages while still speeding up printing time per copy thereby increasing the overall number of copies that could be printed New York Herald Tribune Edit Under Reid s son Ogden Mills Reid the paper acquired and merged with the New York Herald in 1924 to form the New York Herald Tribune The New York Herald Tribune continued to be run by Ogden M Reid until his death in 1947 Former Tribune buildings today EditThe New York Tribune Building was the first home of Pace University Today the site where the building once stood is now the One Pace Plaza complex of Pace University s New York City campus Dr Choate s residence and private hospital where Horace Greeley died today is part of the campus of Pace University in Pleasantville New York On December 15 1921 The New York Tribune bought two plots of ground at 219 and 220 West 40th Street The headquarters that The New York Tribune built at that site is now the home of the City University of New York Graduate School of Journalism Archives EditCopies of the New York Tribune are available on microfilm at many large libraries and online at the Library of Congress 17 Also indices from selected years in the late nineteenth century are available on the Library of Congress website The original paper articles from the newspaper s morgue are kept at The Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin See also EditHistory of American newspapersReferences Edit About New York daily tribune Studio Times 1939 01 03 ISIDOR LEWI DEAD LONG A JOURNALIST Member of Herald Tribune Staff Was 88 and Had Been News Writer Since 1870 COVERED THE CHICAGO FIRE Also Wrots of Historic River Packet Races Saw Lincoln on Way to Inaugural The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2020 10 01 Editorial staff of the New York Tribune Library of Congress Glyndon G van Deusen Horace Greeley 19th Century Crusader 1953 pp 51 58 Mitchell Snay Horace Greeley and the Politics of Reform in Nineteenth Century America 2011 Adam Max Tuchinsky The Bourgeoisie Will Fall and Fall Forever The New York Tribune the 1848 French Revolution and American Social Democratic Discourse Journal of American History 92 2 2005 470 497 Paula Kopacz Feminist at the Tribune Margaret Fuller as Professional Writer Studies in the American Renaissance 1991 119 139 online Sandburg Carl 1942 Storm Over the Land Harcourt Brace and Company Saul K Padover Karl Marx An Intimate Biography New York McGraw Hill 1978 pp 301 605 Economic Manuscripts Preface to a Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy Engels burial speech 1883 The death of Karl Marx The New York Daily Tribune Tuesday October 9 1849 Death of Edgar A Poe page 2 The New York Daily Tribune Wednesday October 17 1849 Poe s Last Poem From the Union Magazine for November front page Frank Luther Mott American Journalism A History 1690 1960 1962 pp 271 78 Van Deusen Horace Greeley 19th Century Crusader 1953 pp 283 85 289 298 300 About New York tribune New York N Y 1866 1924 Library of Congress Further reading EditThe New York Tribune A Sketch of Its History New York 1883 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link New York Tribune and New York Daily Tribune Chronicling America Historic American Newspapers Library of Congress Retrieved February 20 2022 Baehr Harry W 1936 TheNew York Tribunesince the Civil War New York Octagon Books ISBN 0374903352 Borchard Gregory A 2008 New York Tribune In Vaughn Stephen L ed Encyclopedia of American Journalism Abingdon UK Routledge pp 343 345 ISBN 978 0 415 96950 5 Fahrney Ralph Ray 1936 Horace Greeley and theTribunein the Civil War Cedar Rapids Iowa Torch Press Guarneri Carl J Lincoln s Informer Charles A Dana and the Inside Story of the Union War University Press of Kansas 2019 Holzer Harold Lincoln and the Power of the Press The War for Public Opinion Simon amp Schuster 2014 Isely Jeter A 1947 Horace Greeley and the Republican Party 1853 1861 A Study of theNew York Tribune Princeton New Jersey Princeton University Press Kluger Richard with the assistance of Phyllis Kluger 1986 The Paper The Life and Death of theNew York Herald Tribune New York Alfred A Knopf ISBN 0394508777 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Lundberg James M Horace Greeley Print Politics and the Failure of American Nationhood Johns Hopkins University Press 2019 Maihafer Harry J 1998 The General and the Journalists Ulysses S Grant Horace Greeley and Charles Dana Washington D C Brassey s ISBN 1574881051 Seitz Don C Horace Greeley Founder of the New York Tribune 1926 online edition Tuchinsky Adam Horace Greeley s New York Tribune Civil War Era Socialism and the Crisis of Free Labor Cornell University Press 2009 Van Deusen Glyndon G Horace Greeley Nineteenth Century Crusader 1953 standard biography online editionSee also EditThe New Era Illustrated MagazineExternal links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to New York Tribune nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article New York Tribune Works by or about New York Tribune at Internet Archive Works by New York Tribune at LibriVox public domain audiobooks nbsp Library of Congress digitized all issues 1842 1866 Library of Congress digitized all issues 1866 1922 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title New York Tribune amp oldid 1180725005, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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