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Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders

January 01, 1970

The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders is a museum to memorialize those that were killed in the Nanjing Massacre by the Imperial Japanese Army in and around the then-capital of China, Nanjing, after it fell on December 13, 1937. It is located in the southwestern corner of downtown Nanjing known as Jiangdongmen (江东门), near a site where thousands of bodies were buried, called a "pit of ten thousand people" (simplified Chinese: 万人坑; traditional Chinese: 萬人坑; pinyin: wàn rén kēng).

The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders
The statue titled "Family Ruined" in front of the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall
Simplified Chinese侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆
Traditional Chinese侵華日軍南京大屠殺遇難同胞紀念館
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinQīnhuá Rìjūn Nánjīng Dàtúshā Yùnàn Tóngbāo Jìniànguǎn
Map

Nanjing Massacre edit

Main article: Nanjing Massacre

On December 13, 1937, the Japanese Army occupied Nanjing (then spelt Nanking) – then the capital city of the Republic of China. During the first six to eight weeks of their occupation, the Japanese Army committed numerous atrocities, including rape, arson, looting, torture, and mass executions. China estimates that approximately three hundred thousand civilians and unarmed soldiers were brutally slaughtered. This estimate was made from burial records and eyewitness accounts by the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal and included in the verdict for Hisao Tani. Corpses littered the streets and were seen afloat in rivers for weeks, and many structures in the city were burned down. Countless shops, stores, and residences were looted and sacked.[1]

Japanese soldiers were also reported to have conducted killing competitions and bayonet practice using Chinese prisoners. Approximately twenty thousand cases of rape occurred within the city during the first month of the occupation, according to the "Judgement of the International Military Tribunal".[2] Even children, the elderly, and nuns are reported to have suffered at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army.[3]

Memorial Hall edit

The Nanjing Memorial Hall was built in 1985 by the Nanjing Municipal Government in memory of the three hundred thousand victims of the massacre. In 1995, it was enlarged and renovated. The memorial exhibits historical records and objects, and uses architecture, sculptures, and videos to illustrate what happened during the Nanjing Massacre. Many historical items were donated by Japanese members of a Japanese–Chinese friendship group, which also donated a garden located on the museum grounds.

It occupies a total area of approximately twenty-eight thousand square meters, including about three thousand square meters of building floor space.

The memorial consists of three major parts: outdoor exhibits, sheltered skeletal remains of victims, and an exhibition hall of historical documents.

Admission is free. Visitors should prepare themselves for large crowds of people at all times of day.

Outdoor exhibits edit

The outdoor exhibit include statues, sculptures, relief carvings, tablets, and a large wall listing the names of victims, as well as an atonement tablet and memorial walkway. The memorial walkway displays footprints of survivors, some of which were impressed as recently as 2002.

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    Street view of the Memorial Hall
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    Entrance of the Memorial Hall, with the official name of the hall written in Traditional Chinese calligraphy by Deng Xiaoping.
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    A wall at the entrance of the Memorial Hall, with the words "Victims 300,000" carved in stone
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    A memorial wall dedicated to 300,000 victims of the Nanjing Massacre
  •  
  •  
    A stone relief at the Memorial Hall
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    The main plaza of the Memorial Hall
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    Statue of a victim being buried alive
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    Statue of Iris Chang, author of The Rape of Nanjing The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II
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    Yanziji Nanjing Massacre Memorial in 2004
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Skeletal remains edit

 
Skeletal remains

The skeletal remains of massacre victims, now exhibited in a coffin-shaped display hall, were excavated from Jiangdongmen in 1985; 208 more were uncovered in 1998.

Exhibition hall edit

The tomb-like exhibition hall, half underground, contains more than 1000 items related to the massacre, including an immense collection of pictures, objects, charts, and photographs. Paintings, sculptures, illuminated display cabinets, multimedia screens and documentary films serve to demonstrate to visitors the crimes committed by the Japanese military. The hall also houses a statue of John Rabe, a German businessman who helped establish the Nanking Safety Zone.

Nanjing Massacre History and International Peace Research Institute edit

This research institute was established at the memorial hall by the Jiangsu Provincial Government on 1 March 2016. [4] The superintendent is Xian Wen Zhang, professor of the School of History, Nanjing University. The executive president is Jian Jun Zhang, curator of the memorial hall. It consists of Nanjing Massacre History Research Center, Anti-Japanese War History Research Center, Comfort Women Research Center, Contemporary Japanese Politics Research Center, Peace Studies Research Center, International Peace School and other institutions.[5][6]

Transportation edit

The memorial hall is accessible within walking distance west of Yunjinlu Station of Nanjing Metro. Take Line 2 to Yunjinlu Station. Use Exit 2. The entrance to the Memorial Hall is right across the street from the subway entrance.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ John E. Woods, The Good Man of Nanking, the Diaries of John Rabe, 1998 pp. 275–278
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on 2010-12-05. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
  3. ^ John E. Woods, The Good Man of Nanking, the Diaries of John Rabe, 1998 pp. 275–278, 281
  4. ^ "Institute of Nanjing Massacre History and International Peace Studies". www.nju.edu.cn.
  5. ^ "南京大屠杀史与国际和平研究院在南京成立-新华网". www.xinhuanet.com.
  6. ^ "南京大屠杀史与国际和平研究院". xhv5.xhby.net.

Further reading edit

  • Memorial Hall of the Victims in the Nanjing Massacre (1937-1938)
  • Nanjing Massacre Memorial Museum 2013-08-06 at the Wayback Machine
  • Kirk A. Denton, Exhibiting the Past: Historical Memory and the Politics of Museums in Postsocialist China (University of Hawaii Press, 2014), pp. 143–49.

External links edit

  •   Media related to The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Geographic data related to Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders at OpenStreetMap
  • Official website

32°2′7.90″N 118°44′36.67″E / 32.0355278°N 118.7435194°E / 32.0355278; 118.7435194

January 01, 1970
memorial, hall, victims, nanjing, massacre, japanese, invaders, museum, memorialize, those, that, were, killed, nanjing, massacre, imperial, japanese, army, around, then, capital, china, nanjing, after, fell, december, 1937, located, southwestern, corner, down. The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders is a museum to memorialize those that were killed in the Nanjing Massacre by the Imperial Japanese Army in and around the then capital of China Nanjing after it fell on December 13 1937 It is located in the southwestern corner of downtown Nanjing known as Jiangdongmen 江东门 near a site where thousands of bodies were buried called a pit of ten thousand people simplified Chinese 万人坑 traditional Chinese 萬人坑 pinyin wan ren keng The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese InvadersThe statue titled Family Ruined in front of the Nanjing Massacre Memorial HallSimplified Chinese侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆Traditional Chinese侵華日軍南京大屠殺遇難同胞紀念館TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinQinhua Rijun Nanjing Datusha Yunan Tongbao Jinianguǎn Map Contents 1 Nanjing Massacre 2 Memorial Hall 2 1 Outdoor exhibits 2 2 Skeletal remains 2 3 Exhibition hall 3 Nanjing Massacre History and International Peace Research Institute 4 Transportation 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksNanjing Massacre editMain article Nanjing Massacre On December 13 1937 the Japanese Army occupied Nanjing then spelt Nanking then the capital city of the Republic of China During the first six to eight weeks of their occupation the Japanese Army committed numerous atrocities including rape arson looting torture and mass executions China estimates that approximately three hundred thousand civilians and unarmed soldiers were brutally slaughtered This estimate was made from burial records and eyewitness accounts by the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal and included in the verdict for Hisao Tani Corpses littered the streets and were seen afloat in rivers for weeks and many structures in the city were burned down Countless shops stores and residences were looted and sacked 1 Japanese soldiers were also reported to have conducted killing competitions and bayonet practice using Chinese prisoners Approximately twenty thousand cases of rape occurred within the city during the first month of the occupation according to the Judgement of the International Military Tribunal 2 Even children the elderly and nuns are reported to have suffered at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army 3 Memorial Hall editThe Nanjing Memorial Hall was built in 1985 by the Nanjing Municipal Government in memory of the three hundred thousand victims of the massacre In 1995 it was enlarged and renovated The memorial exhibits historical records and objects and uses architecture sculptures and videos to illustrate what happened during the Nanjing Massacre Many historical items were donated by Japanese members of a Japanese Chinese friendship group which also donated a garden located on the museum grounds It occupies a total area of approximately twenty eight thousand square meters including about three thousand square meters of building floor space The memorial consists of three major parts outdoor exhibits sheltered skeletal remains of victims and an exhibition hall of historical documents Admission is free Visitors should prepare themselves for large crowds of people at all times of day Outdoor exhibits edit The outdoor exhibit include statues sculptures relief carvings tablets and a large wall listing the names of victims as well as an atonement tablet and memorial walkway The memorial walkway displays footprints of survivors some of which were impressed as recently as 2002 nbsp Street view of the Memorial Hall nbsp Entrance of the Memorial Hall with the official name of the hall written in Traditional Chinese calligraphy by Deng Xiaoping nbsp A wall at the entrance of the Memorial Hall with the words Victims 300 000 carved in stone nbsp A memorial wall dedicated to 300 000 victims of the Nanjing Massacre nbsp nbsp A stone relief at the Memorial Hall nbsp The main plaza of the Memorial Hall nbsp Statue of a victim being buried alive nbsp nbsp Statue of Iris Chang author of The Rape of Nanjing The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II nbsp Yanziji Nanjing Massacre Memorial in 2004 nbsp Skeletal remains edit nbsp Skeletal remains The skeletal remains of massacre victims now exhibited in a coffin shaped display hall were excavated from Jiangdongmen in 1985 208 more were uncovered in 1998 Exhibition hall edit The tomb like exhibition hall half underground contains more than 1000 items related to the massacre including an immense collection of pictures objects charts and photographs Paintings sculptures illuminated display cabinets multimedia screens and documentary films serve to demonstrate to visitors the crimes committed by the Japanese military The hall also houses a statue of John Rabe a German businessman who helped establish the Nanking Safety Zone Nanjing Massacre History and International Peace Research Institute editThis research institute was established at the memorial hall by the Jiangsu Provincial Government on 1 March 2016 4 The superintendent is Xian Wen Zhang professor of the School of History Nanjing University The executive president is Jian Jun Zhang curator of the memorial hall It consists of Nanjing Massacre History Research Center Anti Japanese War History Research Center Comfort Women Research Center Contemporary Japanese Politics Research Center Peace Studies Research Center International Peace School and other institutions 5 6 Transportation editThe memorial hall is accessible within walking distance west of Yunjinlu Station of Nanjing Metro Take Line 2 to Yunjinlu Station Use Exit 2 The entrance to the Memorial Hall is right across the street from the subway entrance See also editNanjing Massacre Memorial DayReferences edit John E Woods The Good Man of Nanking the Diaries of John Rabe 1998 pp 275 278 Nanjing Massacre Memorial Site 200 Archived from the original on 2010 12 05 Retrieved 2009 05 13 John E Woods The Good Man of Nanking the Diaries of John Rabe 1998 pp 275 278 281 Institute of Nanjing Massacre History and International Peace Studies www nju edu cn 南京大屠杀史与国际和平研究院在南京成立 新华网 www xinhuanet com 南京大屠杀史与国际和平研究院 xhv5 xhby net Further reading editMemorial Hall of the Victims in the Nanjing Massacre 1937 1938 Nanjing Massacre Memorial Museum Archived 2013 08 06 at the Wayback Machine Kirk A Denton Exhibiting the Past Historical Memory and the Politics of Museums in Postsocialist China University of Hawaii Press 2014 pp 143 49 External links edit nbsp Media related to The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Geographic data related to Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders at OpenStreetMap Official website Portals nbsp Asia nbsp China nbsp Japan nbsp History 32 2 7 90 N 118 44 36 67 E 32 0355278 N 118 7435194 E 32 0355278 118 7435194 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders amp oldid 1219767457, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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