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Music director

January 08, 2023

A music(al) director or director of music is the person responsible for the musical aspects of a performance, production, or organization.[1] This would include the artistic director and usually chief conductor of an orchestra or concert band,[2] the director of music of a film, the director of music at a radio station, the person in charge of musical activities or the head of the music department in a school,[3] the coordinator of the musical ensembles in a university, college, or institution[4] (but not usually the head of the academic music department), the head bandmaster of a military band, the head organist and choirmaster of a church, or an organist and master of the choristers (the title given to a director of music at a cathedral, particularly in England).

Orchestra

The title of "music director" or "musical director" is used by many symphony orchestras to designate the primary conductor and artistic leader of the orchestra. The term "music director" is most common for orchestras in the United States. With European orchestras, the titles of "principal conductor" or "chief conductor" are more common, which designate the conductor who directs the majority of a given orchestra's concerts in a season. In musical theatre and opera, the music director is in charge of the overall musical performance, including ensuring that the cast knows the music thoroughly, supervising the musical interpretation of the performers and pit orchestra, and conducting the orchestra.

In the 20th century, the title and position typically brought with it an almost unlimited influence over the particular orchestra's affairs. As implied by the name, the music director not only conducts concerts, but also controls what music the orchestra will perform or record, and has much authority regarding hiring, firing, and other personnel decisions over an orchestra's musicians. Such authoritarian rule, once expected and even thought necessary for a symphonic ensemble to function properly, has loosened somewhat in the closing decades of the 20th century with the advent and encouragement of more power sharing and cooperative management styles (with the orchestra musicians themselves, the administrative staff, and volunteer board of directors). The music director in American lingo also assists with fund-raising, and also is the primary focus of publicity for the orchestra, as what is often called its "public face".[5]

The term "music director" or "musical director" became common in the United States in the middle of the 20th century, following an evolution of titles. Early leaders of orchestras were simply designated as the "conductor." In the 1920s and 1930s, the term musical director began to be used, in order to delineate the fact that the person in this position was doing much more than just conducting, and to differentiate them from guest conductors who simply led one particular program or concert. George Szell, for instance, was appointed as "musical director" of the Cleveland Orchestra in 1946, and his position was so named until his death in 1970. His successor, Lorin Maazel, was given the title "music director." Other major American orchestras kept more current with the times and began using the simpler term in the 1950s and 1960s.

The term can also refer to the person who directs a school band or heads the music program.

Film and theatre

Alternatively, the term "music director" used to appear in the film credits for a professional hired to supervise and direct the music selected for a film or music documentary, but today the more common designation is music supervisor.

India

Further information: Music of Bollywood § Production

In India, where many films are produced as musicals, the term "music director" is commonly used for the composer and music producer of the songs and score used in the film. Their roles also entail arranging, mastering, mixing and supervising recording of film music with conducting and orchestration. Usually, another artist will receive the credit for the lyrics of the songs. '

Theatrical productions

The "music director" for a theatrical production or Broadway or West End musical often serves as rehearsal pianist and conductor. This music director is often also the vocal coach, may also be involved in arranging material for new works, or collaborate on underscoring. There was a Tony Award category for Best Musical Director beginning in 1948, but it was discontinued in 1964 in part due to the fluid responsibilities of musical directors.[6]

Broadcasting

A music director of a radio station is responsible for interacting with record company representatives, auditioning new music, offering commentary, and making decisions (sometimes in conjunction with the program director) as to which songs get airplay, how much and when. In college radio, there may be more than one music director, as students usually volunteer only a few hours each per week, and most stations have a diverse and extensive library of several different music genres.

Military

 
Major Tim Cooper, Director of Music of The Blues and Royals mounted band in London.

In the British Armed Forces, a director of music is a commissioned officer, always a musician commissioned from the ranks, who leads a military band. A non-commissioned officer or warrant officer who leads a band is called a bandmaster.

Pop music

In pop music, a musical director or "MD" is responsible for supervising the musical arrangements and personnel for a touring artist. This can include festivals and televised performances as well as those at traditional on-stage venues. In the modern era, the sound of a studio recording is often impossible or impractical to reproduce on stage, and it is the music director's job to assemble musicians and arrangements to adapt that material to a live setting (which may or may not include playback of prerecorded tracks). The music director generally leads rehearsals as well as each performance, allowing the lead artist to focus on performing.[7][8][9]

Germany and Austria

Generalmusikdirektor (GMD, general music director) is a German title for the artistic director of an orchestra, an institution or a town.[10]

A music director (Latin: director musices) was originally the title of the person responsible for music in a town in Germany and Austria. Johann Sebastian Bach was music director in Leipzig, Georg Philipp Telemann and later Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach were music directors in Hamburg, Robert Schumann was music director in Düsseldorf.[11]

Generalmusikdirektor is a title given by larger towns to a person typically responsible for a symphony orchestra and the opera. The first person with this title was Gaspare Spontini in Berlin in 1819. Daniel Barenboim has been Generalmusikdirektor of the Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin since 1992.

Other uses

Brass bands, wind bands, choirs, opera companies and other ensembles may also have musical directors.

See also

References

  1. ^ . Oxford Dictionaries – English. Archived from the original on January 21, 2019.
  2. ^ "Music director definition and meaning – Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com.
  3. ^ "Definition of Music Director". www.merriam-webster.com.
  4. ^ Ben Ratliff (19 May 2008). "Celebrating Undefinable Songwriting". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  5. ^ Daniel J. Wakin (25 April 2007). "Philharmonic to Add a Position at the Top". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 April 2008.
  6. ^ Church, Joseph (2015). Music Direction for the Stage: A View from the Podium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-999341-3.
  7. ^ Dias, Mike (22 July 2013). "What Exactly Does A Music Director Do?". Inside. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  8. ^ Payne, Chris (8 May 2014). "Miley Cyrus' Music Director Talks Bangerz Tour Behind-the-Scenes". Billboard. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  9. ^ Chamberlain, Richard (21 January 2014). "How to find work as a drummer and musical director". Music Radar. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  10. ^ Gerald Mertens: Orchestermanagement. VS – Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-16584-4, p. 132.
  11. ^ Musikdirektor in: Brockhaus Riemann Musiklexikon, p. 7134; Vol. 3, p. 177) Schott

External links

  •   Media related to Music directors at Wikimedia Commons
  • For Generalmusikdirektor:
    • Orchestermanagement
    • Josef Müller-Marein: Was ist ein Generalmusikdirektor? / Wolfgang Sawallisch und sein neues Amt in Hamburg, Die Zeit, 21 November 2012
    • Dirk Kruse, Thomas Schulz: Der Generalmusikdirektor, Bayerischer Rundfunk, 1 April 2016

January 08, 2023
music, director, music, director, director, music, person, responsible, musical, aspects, performance, production, organization, this, would, include, artistic, director, usually, chief, conductor, orchestra, concert, band, director, music, film, director, mus. A music al director or director of music is the person responsible for the musical aspects of a performance production or organization 1 This would include the artistic director and usually chief conductor of an orchestra or concert band 2 the director of music of a film the director of music at a radio station the person in charge of musical activities or the head of the music department in a school 3 the coordinator of the musical ensembles in a university college or institution 4 but not usually the head of the academic music department the head bandmaster of a military band the head organist and choirmaster of a church or an organist and master of the choristers the title given to a director of music at a cathedral particularly in England Contents 1 Orchestra 2 Film and theatre 2 1 India 2 2 Theatrical productions 3 Broadcasting 4 Military 5 Pop music 6 Germany and Austria 7 Other uses 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksOrchestra EditThe title of music director or musical director is used by many symphony orchestras to designate the primary conductor and artistic leader of the orchestra The term music director is most common for orchestras in the United States With European orchestras the titles of principal conductor or chief conductor are more common which designate the conductor who directs the majority of a given orchestra s concerts in a season In musical theatre and opera the music director is in charge of the overall musical performance including ensuring that the cast knows the music thoroughly supervising the musical interpretation of the performers and pit orchestra and conducting the orchestra In the 20th century the title and position typically brought with it an almost unlimited influence over the particular orchestra s affairs As implied by the name the music director not only conducts concerts but also controls what music the orchestra will perform or record and has much authority regarding hiring firing and other personnel decisions over an orchestra s musicians Such authoritarian rule once expected and even thought necessary for a symphonic ensemble to function properly has loosened somewhat in the closing decades of the 20th century with the advent and encouragement of more power sharing and cooperative management styles with the orchestra musicians themselves the administrative staff and volunteer board of directors The music director in American lingo also assists with fund raising and also is the primary focus of publicity for the orchestra as what is often called its public face 5 The term music director or musical director became common in the United States in the middle of the 20th century following an evolution of titles Early leaders of orchestras were simply designated as the conductor In the 1920s and 1930s the term musical director began to be used in order to delineate the fact that the person in this position was doing much more than just conducting and to differentiate them from guest conductors who simply led one particular program or concert George Szell for instance was appointed as musical director of the Cleveland Orchestra in 1946 and his position was so named until his death in 1970 His successor Lorin Maazel was given the title music director Other major American orchestras kept more current with the times and began using the simpler term in the 1950s and 1960s The term can also refer to the person who directs a school band or heads the music program Film and theatre EditAlternatively the term music director used to appear in the film credits for a professional hired to supervise and direct the music selected for a film or music documentary but today the more common designation is music supervisor India Edit Further information Music of Bollywood Production In India where many films are produced as musicals the term music director is commonly used for the composer and music producer of the songs and score used in the film Their roles also entail arranging mastering mixing and supervising recording of film music with conducting and orchestration Usually another artist will receive the credit for the lyrics of the songs Theatrical productions Edit The music director for a theatrical production or Broadway or West End musical often serves as rehearsal pianist and conductor This music director is often also the vocal coach may also be involved in arranging material for new works or collaborate on underscoring There was a Tony Award category for Best Musical Director beginning in 1948 but it was discontinued in 1964 in part due to the fluid responsibilities of musical directors 6 Broadcasting EditA music director of a radio station is responsible for interacting with record company representatives auditioning new music offering commentary and making decisions sometimes in conjunction with the program director as to which songs get airplay how much and when In college radio there may be more than one music director as students usually volunteer only a few hours each per week and most stations have a diverse and extensive library of several different music genres Military Edit Major Tim Cooper Director of Music of The Blues and Royals mounted band in London In the British Armed Forces a director of music is a commissioned officer always a musician commissioned from the ranks who leads a military band A non commissioned officer or warrant officer who leads a band is called a bandmaster Pop music EditIn pop music a musical director or MD is responsible for supervising the musical arrangements and personnel for a touring artist This can include festivals and televised performances as well as those at traditional on stage venues In the modern era the sound of a studio recording is often impossible or impractical to reproduce on stage and it is the music director s job to assemble musicians and arrangements to adapt that material to a live setting which may or may not include playback of prerecorded tracks The music director generally leads rehearsals as well as each performance allowing the lead artist to focus on performing 7 8 9 Germany and Austria EditGeneralmusikdirektor GMD general music director is a German title for the artistic director of an orchestra an institution or a town 10 A music director Latin director musices was originally the title of the person responsible for music in a town in Germany and Austria Johann Sebastian Bach was music director in Leipzig Georg Philipp Telemann and later Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach were music directors in Hamburg Robert Schumann was music director in Dusseldorf 11 Generalmusikdirektor is a title given by larger towns to a person typically responsible for a symphony orchestra and the opera The first person with this title was Gaspare Spontini in Berlin in 1819 Daniel Barenboim has been Generalmusikdirektor of the Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin since 1992 Other uses EditBrass bands wind bands choirs opera companies and other ensembles may also have musical directors See also EditKapellmeister Category Music directors opera References Edit musical director Definition of musical director in US English by Oxford Dictionaries Oxford Dictionaries English Archived from the original on January 21 2019 Music director definition and meaning Collins English Dictionary www collinsdictionary com Definition of Music Director www merriam webster com Ben Ratliff 19 May 2008 Celebrating Undefinable Songwriting The New York Times Retrieved 8 August 2012 Daniel J Wakin 25 April 2007 Philharmonic to Add a Position at the Top The New York Times Retrieved 28 April 2008 Church Joseph 2015 Music Direction for the Stage A View from the Podium Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 999341 3 Dias Mike 22 July 2013 What Exactly Does A Music Director Do Inside Retrieved 27 February 2018 Payne Chris 8 May 2014 Miley Cyrus Music Director Talks Bangerz Tour Behind the Scenes Billboard Retrieved 27 February 2018 Chamberlain Richard 21 January 2014 How to find work as a drummer and musical director Music Radar Retrieved 27 February 2018 Gerald Mertens Orchestermanagement VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften Wiesbaden 2010 ISBN 978 3 531 16584 4 p 132 Musikdirektor in Brockhaus Riemann Musiklexikon p 7134 Vol 3 p 177 SchottExternal links Edit Media related to Music directors at Wikimedia Commons For Generalmusikdirektor Orchestermanagement Josef Muller Marein Was ist ein Generalmusikdirektor Wolfgang Sawallisch und sein neues Amt in Hamburg Die Zeit 21 November 2012 Dirk Kruse Thomas Schulz Der Generalmusikdirektor Bayerischer Rundfunk 1 April 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Music director amp oldid 1115099158, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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