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Mount Abu

Mount Abu (pronunciation ) is a hill station in the Aravalli Range in Sirohi district of the state of Rajasthan in western India.The mountain forms a rocky plateau 22 km long by 9 km wide. The highest peak on the mountain is Guru Shikhar at 1,722 m (5,650 ft) above sea level. It is referred to as 'an oasis in the desert' as its heights are home to rivers, lakes, waterfalls and evergreen forests. The nearest train station is Abu Road railway station 28 km away.[2]

Mount Abu
Abu Parvat
Mount Abu
Mount Abu
Coordinates: 24°35′33″N 72°42′30″E / 24.5925°N 72.7083°E / 24.5925; 72.7083Coordinates: 24°35′33″N 72°42′30″E / 24.5925°N 72.7083°E / 24.5925; 72.7083
CountryIndia
StateRajasthan
DistrictSirohi
Elevation
1,220 m (4,000 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total22,943
 • Density50/km2 (100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
307501
Telephone code+02974
ISO 3166 codeRJ-IN
Vehicle registrationRJ 38
Nearest citySirohi, Abu Road, Pindwara, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar,

History

The ancient name of Mount Abu is Arbuda.[3] In the Puranas, the region has been referred to as Arbudaranya ("forest of Arbuda") and 'Abu' is a diminutive of this ancient name. It is believed that sage Vashistha retired to the southern spur at Mount Abu following his differences with sage Vishvamitra. There is another history story according to which a serpent named "Arbuda" saved the life of Nandi (Lord Shiva's bull). The incident happened on the mountain that is currently known as Mount Abu and so the mountain is named "Arbudaranya" after that incident which gradually became Abu.

According to a legend, the sage Vashistha performed a yajna at the peak of Mount Abu, to seek from the gods a provision for the defense of righteousness on earth. In answer to his prayer, a youth arose from the Agnikunda (fire-altar) — the first Agnivansha.[4][5] Achalgarh Fort is one of more attractive place which was built by Parmar kings.[6] The Dilwara was temple built by the mahipala Solanki (Chalukya).[citation needed]

The conquest of Mount Abu in 1311 CE by Rao Lumba of the Deora-Chauhan dynasty brought to an end the reign of the Parmars and marked the decline of Mount Abu.[citation needed] He shifted the capital city to Chandravati in the plains. After the destruction of Chandravati in 1405, Rao Shasmal made Sirohi his headquarters. Later it was leased by the British government from the then Maharaja of Sirohi for use as the headquarters.[citation needed][clarification needed]

The Arbuda Mountains region is said to be original abode of the famous gurus like Atri and Vashishtha. The association of the Gurus with the mountain is noticed in many inscriptions and epigraphs including Tilakamanjari of Dhanpala.[7] According to one theory, this Gurdhara or land of the gurus got corrupted with time and became Gurjara.[8][need quotation to verify]

A municipality was established at Abu in 1864; it had six members nominated by the Agent to the Governor General (AGG).[9]

Tourism

 
Adishwara temple, Dilwara Temples
 
Sunset at Mount Abu

Mount Abu town, the only hill station in Rajasthan, is at an elevation of 1,220 m (4,003 ft). It has been a popular retreat from the heat of Rajasthan and neighboring Gujarat for centuries.

The mountain is home to several Hindu temples, including the Adhar Devi Temple (also known as Arbuda Devi Temple), carved out of the solid rock; the Shri Raghunathji Temple; and a shrine and temple to Dattatreya built atop the Guru Shikhar peak; and the Achaleshwar Mahadev Temple (1412).

The Achalgarh Fort, built in the 14th century by Kumbha of Mewar, is nearby and at its center is the popular visitor attraction of the Nakki Lake. The Toad Rock is on a hill near the lake. Close to the fort is the Achaleshwar Mahadev Temple, a popular Shiva temple. Also, Achal Fort Jain Temple, Kantinath Jain Temple (1513) is equally famous.

The Durga Ambika Mata Temple lies in a cleft of rock in Jagat, just outside Mount Abu town.

The mountain is also the home to a number of Jain temples including Dilwara Temples, a complex of temples carved out of white marble. The Dilwara Temples or Delvada Temples are located about 2½ kilometers from the Mount Abu town. These Jain temples were built by Vimal Shah and designed by Vastupala, Jain ministers of Dholka,[10] between the 11th and 16th centuries and are famous for their use of white marble and intricate marble carvings.[11] They are a pilgrimage place of the Jains, and a popular general tourist attraction. The temples have an opulent entranceway, the simplicity in architecture reflecting Jain values like honesty and frugality.[12] Minutely-carved ornamental detail covers the ceilings, doorways, pillars, and panels.[13] The temple complex is in the midst of a range of forested hills. There are five temples in all, each with its own unique identity.[14] All five temples are enclosed within a single high walled compound. The group is named after the small village of Dilwara or Delvara in which they are located. The five temples are:

  • Vimal Vasahi, dedicated to the first Jain Tirthankara, Shri Rishabhadev.
  • Luna Vasahi, dedicated to the 22nd Jain Tirthankara, Shri Neminatha.
  • Pittalhar, dedicated to the first Jain Tirthankar, Shri Rishabhadev.
  • Parshvanath, dedicated to the 23rd Jain Tirthankara, Shri Parshvanatha.
  • Mahavir Swami, dedicated to the last Jain Tirthankara, Shri Mahaviraswami.

Among all the five legendary marble temples of Dilwara, the most famous of those are the Vimal Vasahi and the Luna Vasahi temples.[15][16]

In Mount Abu, the faith community of Brahma Kumaris has its spiritual headquarters, which are represented by its own account in 110 countries.[17] Every year about 2.5 million visitors are supposed to visit the sprawling campus of that spiritual movement.[17] The Brahma Kumaris ashram has a museum that displays the knowledge that Lord Shiva gave to the Prajapita Brahma. The 50-acre land also provides ample space for meditation and spiritual learning as well as to connect yourself to the stunning, undisturbed natural surroundings.

The Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1960 and covers 290 km² of the mountain. The sanctuary encircles the town, and sloth bears from the sanctuary have habitually been seen inside the city throughout the year foraging on hotel waste in open rubbish bins.[18]

In literature

Arbuda Mountains is a mountain range described in the epic Mahabharata. It is identified to be Mount Abu. This mountain is mentioned in the travels of Arjuna during his twelve-year pilgrimage.[19]

Letitia Elizabeth Landon's poem Hindoo Temples on the Mountain-Lake of Aboo, published in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839, is a reflection on this mountain fastness.[20]

Climate

The average annual precipitation of Mount Abu is 1554 mm.[21]

Monsoon

Due to its relief and geographical conditions, it rains in Mount Abu during the monsoons. During the rainy season, the temperature falls. Normal summer clothing works. It is wise to carry an umbrella to avoid being caught in the rain.

Winter

Winters are cool in Mount Abu, with the mercury hovering around 13 °C to 22 °C. Nights are chilly, and the average night temperature is around 3 to 12 °C. The temperature has dipped to as low as −7 °C.[22] Heavy winter clothing is preferable. In the daytime, light pullovers are sufficient.

Climate data for Mount Abu (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 29.0
(84.2)
30.6
(87.1)
39.6
(103.3)
38.8
(101.8)
40.4
(104.7)
38.4
(101.1)
35.0
(95.0)
31.1
(88.0)
33.0
(91.4)
33.6
(92.5)
30.4
(86.7)
34.2
(93.6)
40.6
(105.1)
Average high °C (°F) 19.7
(67.5)
22.3
(72.1)
26.5
(79.7)
30.6
(87.1)
32.3
(90.1)
30.2
(86.4)
24.9
(76.8)
23.5
(74.3)
25.6
(78.1)
27.5
(81.5)
24.2
(75.6)
21.5
(70.7)
25.7
(78.3)
Average low °C (°F) 3.1
(37.6)
5.7
(42.3)
10.5
(50.9)
15.3
(59.5)
18.5
(65.3)
18.3
(64.9)
17.3
(63.1)
16.6
(61.9)
15.8
(60.4)
11.9
(53.4)
7.1
(44.8)
3.8
(38.8)
12.0
(53.6)
Record low °C (°F) −7
(19)
−5.8
(21.6)
0.4
(32.7)
4.4
(39.9)
10.0
(50.0)
13.0
(55.4)
10.0
(50.0)
10.6
(51.1)
6.4
(43.5)
3.4
(38.1)
−0.4
(31.3)
−7.4
(18.7)
−7.4
(18.7)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 3.5
(0.14)
1.6
(0.06)
2.0
(0.08)
3.0
(0.12)
10.4
(0.41)
61.9
(2.44)
592.9
(23.34)
516.3
(20.33)
172.4
(6.79)
17.7
(0.70)
3.4
(0.13)
1.0
(0.04)
1,386.1
(54.57)
Average rainy days 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.8 3.7 14.6 15.7 6.1 0.7 0.3 0.1 43.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 47 38 34 32 38 55 84 90 76 53 49 49 53
Source: India Meteorological Department[23][24]

Culture

Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Mount Abu has a population of 22,943. out of which 54.7% are males and 45.3% are females. It has an average literacy rate of 81.15%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 90.12%, and female literacy is 70.23%. In Mount Abu, 12.34% of the population is under 6 years of age.[25]

89.31% of people are Hindu, 7.69% are Muslim while 1.45% are Christian.[25]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ . censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  2. ^ Agarwal, Deepesh. "How to reach Mount Abu by Road, Air Or Rail". www.mountabu.com. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  3. ^ Ganga Ram Garg, ed. (1992). Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World (Ar-Az). Vol. 3. Concept. p. 587.
  4. ^ The State at War in South Asia. University of Nebraska Press. 2005. p. 24. ISBN 9780803213449.
  5. ^ Series-16 Indian History–Medieval India. Upkar Prakashan. p. 6.
  6. ^ Naravane, M. S. (1999). The Gurjar & Gujjar: A Glimpse of Medieval Rajasthan. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7648-118-2.
  7. ^ Sudarśana Śarmā (2002). Tilakamañjarī of Dhanapāla: a critical and cultural study. Parimal Publications. p. 214.
  8. ^ Ramesh Chandra Majumdar; Achut Dattatrya Pusalker; A. K. Majumdar; Dilip Kumar Ghose; Vishvanath Govind Dighe; Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan (1977). The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 153.
  9. ^ Rima Hooja (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa. p. 1166. ISBN 9788129108906.
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2009.
  11. ^ Shah 1995, p. 17.
  12. ^ Kumar 2001, p. 9.
  13. ^ Jain 2009, p. 271.
  14. ^ Coolidge 1880, p. 149.
  15. ^ Balfour 1885, p. 948.
  16. ^ Kumar 2001, p. 67.
  17. ^ a b "Brahma Kumaris - Introduction". brahmakumaris.org. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  18. ^ Prajapati, Utkarsh; Koli, Vijay Kumar; Sundar, K.S. Gopi (2021). "Vulnerable sloth bears are attracted to human food waste: a novel situation in Mount Abu town, India". Oryx. Cambridge University Press. Online first.
  19. ^ Vaidya, Chintaman Vinayak (1907). Epic India: India as Described in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. Asian Educational Services. p. 299. ISBN 9788120615649.
  20. ^ Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "picture". Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839. Fisher, Son & Co.Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "poetical illustration". Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839. Fisher, Son & Co.
  21. ^ "floodsHow have the floods affected Mount Abu?". The Hindu. 29 July 2022.
  22. ^ "राजस्थान में पारा माइनस 7 डिग्री पर पहुंचा:नल का पानी जमा; लद्दाख से भी ठंडा माउंट आबू, 28 साल का रिकॉर्ड टूटा". Dainik Bhaskar. 15 January 2023.
  23. ^ (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  24. ^ (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M173. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  25. ^ a b "Mount Abu City Population Census 2011 - Rajasthan". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 22 June 2017.

Sources

  • Adams, W. J. (1864), Bradshaw's hand-book to the Bombay presidency and North-western provinces of India, Oxford University
  • Balfour, Edward (1885), The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, vol. 1, B. Quartitc
  • Coolidge, Archibald Cary (1880), The Rajputana Gazetteer, vol. 3, Government Central Branch Press.
  • Jain, Arun Kumar (2009), Faith & Philosophy of Jainism, Gyan Publishing House, ISBN 9788178357232
  • Kumar, Sehdev (2001), A Thousand Petalled Lotus: Jain Temples of Rajasthan : Architecture & Iconography, Abhinav Publications, ISBN 9788170173489
  • Shah, Umakant Premanand (1995), Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects, Abhinav Publications, ISBN 9788170173168
  • White, David Gordon (1996), The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 9780226894973

External links

  • Shri Achaleshwar Mahadev Mandir
  • Mount Abu Coordinates
  • Mount Abu Population
  • Mount Abu Virtual Tour 360
  • Mount Abu Panorama
  • "Abu" . Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.

mount, pronunciation, help, info, hill, station, aravalli, range, sirohi, district, state, rajasthan, western, india, mountain, forms, rocky, plateau, long, wide, highest, peak, mountain, guru, shikhar, above, level, referred, oasis, desert, heights, home, riv. Mount Abu pronunciation help info is a hill station in the Aravalli Range in Sirohi district of the state of Rajasthan in western India The mountain forms a rocky plateau 22 km long by 9 km wide The highest peak on the mountain is Guru Shikhar at 1 722 m 5 650 ft above sea level It is referred to as an oasis in the desert as its heights are home to rivers lakes waterfalls and evergreen forests The nearest train station is Abu Road railway station 28 km away 2 Mount Abu Abu ParvatHill stationMount AbuShow map of RajasthanMount AbuShow map of IndiaCoordinates 24 35 33 N 72 42 30 E 24 5925 N 72 7083 E 24 5925 72 7083 Coordinates 24 35 33 N 72 42 30 E 24 5925 N 72 7083 E 24 5925 72 7083CountryIndiaStateRajasthanDistrictSirohiElevation1 220 m 4 000 ft Population 2011 1 Total22 943 Density50 km2 100 sq mi Time zoneUTC 5 30 IST PIN307501Telephone code 02974ISO 3166 codeRJ INVehicle registrationRJ 38Nearest citySirohi Abu Road Pindwara Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Contents 1 History 2 Tourism 3 In literature 4 Climate 4 1 Monsoon 4 2 Winter 5 Culture 6 Demographics 7 Gallery 8 References 9 Sources 10 External linksHistory EditThe ancient name of Mount Abu is Arbuda 3 In the Puranas the region has been referred to as Arbudaranya forest of Arbuda and Abu is a diminutive of this ancient name It is believed that sage Vashistha retired to the southern spur at Mount Abu following his differences with sage Vishvamitra There is another history story according to which a serpent named Arbuda saved the life of Nandi Lord Shiva s bull The incident happened on the mountain that is currently known as Mount Abu and so the mountain is named Arbudaranya after that incident which gradually became Abu According to a legend the sage Vashistha performed a yajna at the peak of Mount Abu to seek from the gods a provision for the defense of righteousness on earth In answer to his prayer a youth arose from the Agnikunda fire altar the first Agnivansha 4 5 Achalgarh Fort is one of more attractive place which was built by Parmar kings 6 The Dilwara was temple built by the mahipala Solanki Chalukya citation needed The conquest of Mount Abu in 1311 CE by Rao Lumba of the Deora Chauhan dynasty brought to an end the reign of the Parmars and marked the decline of Mount Abu citation needed He shifted the capital city to Chandravati in the plains After the destruction of Chandravati in 1405 Rao Shasmal made Sirohi his headquarters Later it was leased by the British government from the then Maharaja of Sirohi for use as the headquarters citation needed clarification needed The Arbuda Mountains region is said to be original abode of the famous gurus like Atri and Vashishtha The association of the Gurus with the mountain is noticed in many inscriptions and epigraphs including Tilakamanjari of Dhanpala 7 According to one theory this Gurdhara or land of the gurus got corrupted with time and became Gurjara 8 need quotation to verify A municipality was established at Abu in 1864 it had six members nominated by the Agent to the Governor General AGG 9 Tourism Edit Adishwara temple Dilwara Temples Sunset at Mount Abu Mount Abu town the only hill station in Rajasthan is at an elevation of 1 220 m 4 003 ft It has been a popular retreat from the heat of Rajasthan and neighboring Gujarat for centuries The mountain is home to several Hindu temples including the Adhar Devi Temple also known as Arbuda Devi Temple carved out of the solid rock the Shri Raghunathji Temple and a shrine and temple to Dattatreya built atop the Guru Shikhar peak and the Achaleshwar Mahadev Temple 1412 The Achalgarh Fort built in the 14th century by Kumbha of Mewar is nearby and at its center is the popular visitor attraction of the Nakki Lake The Toad Rock is on a hill near the lake Close to the fort is the Achaleshwar Mahadev Temple a popular Shiva temple Also Achal Fort Jain Temple Kantinath Jain Temple 1513 is equally famous The Durga Ambika Mata Temple lies in a cleft of rock in Jagat just outside Mount Abu town The mountain is also the home to a number of Jain temples including Dilwara Temples a complex of temples carved out of white marble The Dilwara Temples or Delvada Temples are located about 2 kilometers from the Mount Abu town These Jain temples were built by Vimal Shah and designed by Vastupala Jain ministers of Dholka 10 between the 11th and 16th centuries and are famous for their use of white marble and intricate marble carvings 11 They are a pilgrimage place of the Jains and a popular general tourist attraction The temples have an opulent entranceway the simplicity in architecture reflecting Jain values like honesty and frugality 12 Minutely carved ornamental detail covers the ceilings doorways pillars and panels 13 The temple complex is in the midst of a range of forested hills There are five temples in all each with its own unique identity 14 All five temples are enclosed within a single high walled compound The group is named after the small village of Dilwara or Delvara in which they are located The five temples are Vimal Vasahi dedicated to the first Jain Tirthankara Shri Rishabhadev Luna Vasahi dedicated to the 22nd Jain Tirthankara Shri Neminatha Pittalhar dedicated to the first Jain Tirthankar Shri Rishabhadev Parshvanath dedicated to the 23rd Jain Tirthankara Shri Parshvanatha Mahavir Swami dedicated to the last Jain Tirthankara Shri Mahaviraswami Among all the five legendary marble temples of Dilwara the most famous of those are the Vimal Vasahi and the Luna Vasahi temples 15 16 In Mount Abu the faith community of Brahma Kumaris has its spiritual headquarters which are represented by its own account in 110 countries 17 Every year about 2 5 million visitors are supposed to visit the sprawling campus of that spiritual movement 17 The Brahma Kumaris ashram has a museum that displays the knowledge that Lord Shiva gave to the Prajapita Brahma The 50 acre land also provides ample space for meditation and spiritual learning as well as to connect yourself to the stunning undisturbed natural surroundings The Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1960 and covers 290 km of the mountain The sanctuary encircles the town and sloth bears from the sanctuary have habitually been seen inside the city throughout the year foraging on hotel waste in open rubbish bins 18 In literature EditArbuda Mountains is a mountain range described in the epic Mahabharata It is identified to be Mount Abu This mountain is mentioned in the travels of Arjuna during his twelve year pilgrimage 19 Letitia Elizabeth Landon s poem Hindoo Temples on the Mountain Lake of Aboo published in Fisher s Drawing Room Scrap Book 1839 is a reflection on this mountain fastness 20 Wikisource has original text related to this article Hindoo Temples on the Mountain Lake of Aboo a poem by L E L Climate EditThe average annual precipitation of Mount Abu is 1554 mm 21 Monsoon Edit Due to its relief and geographical conditions it rains in Mount Abu during the monsoons During the rainy season the temperature falls Normal summer clothing works It is wise to carry an umbrella to avoid being caught in the rain Winter Edit Winters are cool in Mount Abu with the mercury hovering around 13 C to 22 C Nights are chilly and the average night temperature is around 3 to 12 C The temperature has dipped to as low as 7 C 22 Heavy winter clothing is preferable In the daytime light pullovers are sufficient Climate data for Mount Abu 1981 2010 extremes 1901 2012 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 29 0 84 2 30 6 87 1 39 6 103 3 38 8 101 8 40 4 104 7 38 4 101 1 35 0 95 0 31 1 88 0 33 0 91 4 33 6 92 5 30 4 86 7 34 2 93 6 40 6 105 1 Average high C F 19 7 67 5 22 3 72 1 26 5 79 7 30 6 87 1 32 3 90 1 30 2 86 4 24 9 76 8 23 5 74 3 25 6 78 1 27 5 81 5 24 2 75 6 21 5 70 7 25 7 78 3 Average low C F 3 1 37 6 5 7 42 3 10 5 50 9 15 3 59 5 18 5 65 3 18 3 64 9 17 3 63 1 16 6 61 9 15 8 60 4 11 9 53 4 7 1 44 8 3 8 38 8 12 0 53 6 Record low C F 7 19 5 8 21 6 0 4 32 7 4 4 39 9 10 0 50 0 13 0 55 4 10 0 50 0 10 6 51 1 6 4 43 5 3 4 38 1 0 4 31 3 7 4 18 7 7 4 18 7 Average rainfall mm inches 3 5 0 14 1 6 0 06 2 0 0 08 3 0 0 12 10 4 0 41 61 9 2 44 592 9 23 34 516 3 20 33 172 4 6 79 17 7 0 70 3 4 0 13 1 0 0 04 1 386 1 54 57 Average rainy days 0 3 0 1 0 3 0 3 0 8 3 7 14 6 15 7 6 1 0 7 0 3 0 1 43 2Average relative humidity at 17 30 IST 47 38 34 32 38 55 84 90 76 53 49 49 53Source India Meteorological Department 23 24 Culture EditWinter Festival at Mount AbuDemographics EditAccording to the 2011 Census of India Mount Abu has a population of 22 943 out of which 54 7 are males and 45 3 are females It has an average literacy rate of 81 15 higher than the national average of 74 04 male literacy is 90 12 and female literacy is 70 23 In Mount Abu 12 34 of the population is under 6 years of age 25 89 31 of people are Hindu 7 69 are Muslim while 1 45 are Christian 25 Gallery Edit Parshvanatha Temple at Dilwara group of temples Marble sculpture of Dilwara Temples Kalpavriksha or Kalpavruksha page in Dilwada Jain Temple Nakki Lake after sunset Brahma Kumari foundation headquarters at Mount Abu Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary covers 290 km of mountains forests and lake Turtle shaped rock near Nakki Lake Toad rock on a hill near Nakki Lake References Edit Census of India Search Details censusindia gov in Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 10 May 2015 Agarwal Deepesh How to reach Mount Abu by Road Air Or Rail www mountabu com Retrieved 22 June 2017 Ganga Ram Garg ed 1992 Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World Ar Az Vol 3 Concept p 587 The State at War in South Asia University of Nebraska Press 2005 p 24 ISBN 9780803213449 Series 16 Indian History Medieval India Upkar Prakashan p 6 Naravane M S 1999 The Gurjar amp Gujjar A Glimpse of Medieval Rajasthan APH Publishing ISBN 978 81 7648 118 2 Sudarsana Sarma 2002 Tilakamanjari of Dhanapala a critical and cultural study Parimal Publications p 214 Ramesh Chandra Majumdar Achut Dattatrya Pusalker A K Majumdar Dilip Kumar Ghose Vishvanath Govind Dighe Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan 1977 The History and Culture of the Indian People The classical age Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan p 153 Rima Hooja 2006 A History of Rajasthan Rupa p 1166 ISBN 9788129108906 IMAGES OF NORTHERN INDIA Archived from the original on 10 April 2009 Retrieved 13 March 2009 Shah 1995 p 17 Kumar 2001 p 9 Jain 2009 p 271 Coolidge 1880 p 149 Balfour 1885 p 948 Kumar 2001 p 67 a b Brahma Kumaris Introduction brahmakumaris org Retrieved 20 November 2013 Prajapati Utkarsh Koli Vijay Kumar Sundar K S Gopi 2021 Vulnerable sloth bears are attracted to human food waste a novel situation in Mount Abu town India Oryx Cambridge University Press Online first Vaidya Chintaman Vinayak 1907 Epic India India as Described in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana Asian Educational Services p 299 ISBN 9788120615649 Landon Letitia Elizabeth 1838 picture Fisher s Drawing Room Scrap Book 1839 Fisher Son amp Co Landon Letitia Elizabeth 1838 poetical illustration Fisher s Drawing Room Scrap Book 1839 Fisher Son amp Co floodsHow have the floods affected Mount Abu The Hindu 29 July 2022 र जस थ न म प र म इनस 7 ड ग र पर पह च नल क प न जम लद द ख स भ ठ ड म उ ट आब 28 स ल क र क र ड ट ट Dainik Bhaskar 15 January 2023 Station Abu Climatological Table 1981 2010 PDF Climatological Normals 1981 2010 India Meteorological Department January 2015 pp 1 2 Archived from the original PDF on 5 February 2020 Retrieved 18 February 2020 Extremes of Temperature amp Rainfall for Indian Stations Up to 2012 PDF India Meteorological Department December 2016 p M173 Archived from the original PDF on 5 February 2020 Retrieved 18 February 2020 a b Mount Abu City Population Census 2011 Rajasthan www census2011 co in Retrieved 22 June 2017 Sources EditAdams W J 1864 Bradshaw s hand book to the Bombay presidency and North western provinces of India Oxford University Balfour Edward 1885 The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia vol 1 B Quartitc Coolidge Archibald Cary 1880 The Rajputana Gazetteer vol 3 Government Central Branch Press Jain Arun Kumar 2009 Faith amp Philosophy of Jainism Gyan Publishing House ISBN 9788178357232 Kumar Sehdev 2001 A Thousand Petalled Lotus Jain Temples of Rajasthan Architecture amp Iconography Abhinav Publications ISBN 9788170173489 Shah Umakant Premanand 1995 Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects Abhinav Publications ISBN 9788170173168 White David Gordon 1996 The Alchemical Body Siddha Traditions in Medieval India University of Chicago Press ISBN 9780226894973External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mount Abu Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Abu Shri Achaleshwar Mahadev Mandir Mount Abu Coordinates Mount Abu Population Abu Winter Festival Mount Abu Virtual Tour 360 Mount Abu Panorama Abu Collier s New Encyclopedia 1921 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mount Abu amp oldid 1134594627, 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