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Merrie Melodies

Merrie Melodies is an American animated series of comedy short films produced by Warner Bros. starting in 1931, during the golden age of American animation, and ending in 1969. New Merrie Melodies cartoons were produced from the late 1970s to the late 1990s, as well as other made productions beginning in 1972. As with its sister series, Looney Tunes, it featured cartoon characters such as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, and Elmer Fudd.[1] Between 1934 and 1943, the Merrie Melodies series were distinguished from the black-and-white, Buddy or Porky Pig–starring Looney Tunes shorts by an emphasis on one-shot stories in color featuring Warner Bros.–owned musical selections. After Bugs Bunny became the breakout recurring star of Merrie Melodies, and Looney Tunes went to color in the early 1940s, the two series gradually lost their distinctions and shorts were assigned to each series more randomly.

Merrie Melodies
One of the series' classic title cards, as seen on several 1937–1938 releases
Directed by
Story by
Produced by
Starring
Music by
Animation by
Layouts by
Backgrounds by
Color process
  • B&W (1931–1934)
  • Two-strip Technicolor (1934–1935)
  • Three-strip Technicolor (1935–1969; 1979-1997)
  • Cinecolor (1934; 1947-1948)
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release dates
Original Series: August 2, 1931–September 20, 1969
Revival Series: November 27, 1979-June 13, 1997
Running time
6–10 minutes (one reel)

Merrie Melodies was originally produced by Harman–Ising Pictures from 1931 to 1933, and then Leon Schlesinger Productions from 1933 to 1944. Schlesinger sold his studio to Warner Bros. in 1944, and the newly renamed Warner Bros. Cartoons continued production until 1963. It was outsourced to DePatie–Freleng Enterprises and Format Productions from 1964 to 1967, and Warner Bros.-Seven Arts Animation resumed production for its final two years.[2]

Three of the Merrie Melodies films (Tweetie Pie, Speedy Gonzales and Birds Anonymous) won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film and another three (Duck Amuck, One Froggy Evening, and What's Opera, Doc?) have been inducted into the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress.[3][4][5][6]

In 2013, TV Guide ranked the Warner Bros. Cartoons (ranked as Looney Tunes) the third Greatest Cartoon of All Time (out of 60), one of only six film series to make the list (the other five being the Pink Panther series, Popeye the Sailor, Mighty Mouse, Woody Woodpecker and Tom and Jerry).[7]

Background

Producer Leon Schlesinger had already produced the music-based Looney Tunes series, and its success prompted him to try to sell a sister series to Warner Bros. His selling point was that the new cartoons would feature music from the soundtracks of Warner Bros. films and would thus serve as advertisements for Warner Bros. recordings and sheet music. The studio agreed, and Schlesinger dubbed the series Merrie Melodies. Walt Disney Productions had already scored with their Silly Symphonies. Since cartoon production usually began with a soundtrack, animating a piece of music made it easier to devise plot elements and even characters.

The origins of the Merrie Melodies series begin with the failure of a live action series of musical shorts called Spooney Melodies, which featured popular songs of the day. These shorts included segments with a popular artist singing along with appropriate background sequences. Warner Bros. wanted to promote this music because they had recently acquired (in 1930) the ownership of Brunswick Records along with four music publishers for US $28 million. Because of the success of their Looney Tunes series, Warner Bros. decided to develop a new series of animated musical shorts called Merrie Melodies. Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising led the development. It was meant to be a series of musical cartoons that featured hit songs of the day, especially those then owned by Warner Bros. and featured in their musical films. In 1931, many of the shorts featured the orchestra of Abe Lyman, one of the most famous band leaders of his day.

The first cartoon of the new Merrie Melodies series was Lady, Play Your Mandolin!, released in 1931.[2] Ising attempted to introduce several characters in his Merrie Melodies films, such as Piggy, Foxy, and Goopy Geer. Eventually however, the series continued without any recurring characters.[8] The shorts proved to be enormously popular with the public. In 1932, a Merrie Melodies cartoon, entitled It's Got Me Again!, was nominated for the first Academy Award to be given for animation.

When Harman and Ising left Warner Bros., in 1933, they took with them all rights to the characters they had created. Leon Schlesinger had to negotiate with them to keep the rights to the name Merrie Melodies, as well as for the right to use the slogan, So Long Folks, at the end of the cartoons. In 1934, Schlesinger produced his first color Merrie Melodies shorts, Honeymoon Hotel and Beauty and the Beast, which were produced in two-strip Cinecolor (Disney then had exclusive animation rights to the richer three-strip Technicolor process).[9] Their success convinced Schlesinger to produce all future Merrie Melodies shorts in color, using two-strip Technicolor. Looney Tunes continued in black and white until 1943. In 1936, the cartoons began to end with the slogan "That's all Folks!" which had previously only been used on the Looney Tunes series. The old slogan "So Long, Folks!" was completely abandoned at this time. The same year, Merrie Melodies began using the bulls-eye opening and closing title sequences (in 1942, Looney Tunes would use the same titles, usually in thicker rings). Also by 1936, Disney's exclusivity on the three-color Technicolor process was lifted, allowing Merrie Melodies a full color palette for the first time, hence the use of the blue concentric rings (as a technical test) for the rest of the 1935–36 season and the 1936–37 season. The Warner Bros. shield was later that year changed to cyan before definitely changing back to red in 1938.

Contractually, Merrie Melodies cartoons were obligated to include at least one full chorus from a Warner Bros. song.[8] Warner Bros. requested that these songs be performed by name bands whenever possible, but this lasted only through the first few shorts. The policy annoyed the animators of Merrie Melodies, since the songs often interrupted the cartoons' momentum and pacing (the 1938 Merrie Melodie A Feud There Was, for example, sarcastically uses the obligatory musical number as a shift in the action, with the lead characters singing the number into a KFWB microphone and ceding the mike to an announcer who reads a commercial). By 1939, the animators had been released from this obligation, and the Merrie Melodies shorts came to resemble more closely the black-and-white Looney Tunes series. In addition, several new characters were created to (initially) appear exclusively in the Merrie Melodies series, such as Egghead, Elmer Fudd, Inki, Sniffles, and even Warner Bros.' most popular cartoon star, Bugs Bunny.

In 1943, Schlesinger began producing Looney Tunes in color as well, and the two series became virtually indistinguishable except by their theme music and opening titles – in addition, characters once exclusive to one series began regularly appearing in the other as well. In 1944, the studio went to an all-color schedule; though for the first year of this, Bugs still appeared mainly in the Merrie Melodies series (not appearing in a Looney Tunes cartoon until the end of August), whereas Daffy Duck and Porky Pig (who each appeared in a few Merrie Melodies prior to mid-1942) appeared mainly in Looney Tunes that year. It was not until 1945 that the two series appeared completely indistinguishable, and that Bugs appeared in more Looney Tunes than Merrie Melodies.

By 1937, the theme music for Looney Tunes was "The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down" by Cliff Friend and Dave Franklin, and the theme music for Merrie Melodies was an adaptation of "Merrily We Roll Along" by Charles Tobias, Murray Mencher and Eddie Cantor (the original theme was "Get Happy" by Harold Arlen, played at a faster tempo). This continued until 1964, when the WB cartoon logos were modernized, and "The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down" became the theme for the Merrie Melodies as well. When the studio went to full color, even the animators themselves did not make any creative distinction between the two series, as evidenced in an interview quote from director Friz Freleng, "I never knew if a film I was making would be Looney Tunes or Merrie Melodies, and what the hell difference would it make, anyway?". The last Merrie Melodies cartoon was Injun Trouble, released in 1969. The Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons didn't start up again until 1987 with only two cartoons made, The Night of the Living Duck (1987) and (Blooper) Bunny (1991). The Night of the Living Duck got a theatrical release through the compilation film Daffy Duck's Quackbusters (1988), while (Blooper) Bunny was shelved from its intended 1991 release until it premiered on Cartoon Network on June 13, 1997.

Blue Ribbon reissues

Beginning in late 1943, WB, in a cost-conserving effort, began to reissue its backlog of color cartoons under a new program that they called Merrie Melodies "Blue Ribbon" classics. For the reissue, the original front-and-end title sequences were altered. The revised main title card began with the "zooming" WB logo, followed by the title logo set against a background featuring a "blue ribbon" (hence the re-release program's title) and a Grand Shorts Award trophy, followed by the name of the cartoon. This revised title sequence eliminated the opening technical credits. The ending title card was also revised, replacing the original versions. Also, sometimes the title of the short was slightly altered for the rerelease; the "Blue Ribbon" version of the Bugs Bunny short A Wild Hare was retitled The Wild Hare for reissue, for example. Many of these "Blue Ribbon" prints were the versions used for television broadcasts for many years until Warner Bros. began a restoration program in the early 2000s as part of the Looney Tunes Golden Collection DVD releases.

Filmography

Characters

Accolades

TVLine lists the theme song from the series among the best animated series themes of all time.[10]

Inducted into the National Film Registry

  • What's Opera, Doc? (1957), inducted in the 1992 list.[6] "In this animation classic, Elmer Fudd's pursuit of Bugs Bunny is set to opera music and plays out on a Wagnerian scale. The film features such now-classic lines as "Kill the wabbit!" and is one of only three cartoons in which Elmer Fudd bests his rival Bugs. Directed by renowned animator Chuck Jones and his team at Warner Bros., this seven-minute short film is often considered to be Jones' cinematic masterpiece. It also holds the distinction of being the first cartoon selected for inclusion on the National Film Registry."[11]
  • Duck Amuck (1953), inducted in the 1999 list.[6] The description reads: "One of the defining examples of Chuck Jones' irreverent creativity, "Duck Amuck" (a Warner Bros. "Merrie Melodies" animation) stars Daffy Duck, as brought to life by master voice artist Mel Blanc. Jones' gives the audience a convincingly fleshed-out character with true personality, regardless of plot or setting. Daffy begins the film as a Musketeer before his animators get the best of him by forgetting to draw in his backgrounds or supply him his voice. Extraordinarily self-reflexive, "Duck Amuck" does more than pierce film's fourth wall, it demolishes it, full send Daffy on a series of surreal misadventures."[11]
  • One Froggy Evening (1955), inducted in the 2003 list.[6] The description reads: "A cartoon on every short list of the greatest animation, this classic Chuck Jones creation features crooning amphibian Michigan J. Frog, who drives his owner insane by singing only in private, but never in public."[11]

Academy Awards for Best Short Subject (Cartoon)

Academy Award nominations

See also

References

  1. ^ Lenburg, Jeff (1999). The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons. Checkmark Books. pp. 104–106. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Merrie Melodies".[permanent dead link] Bcdb.com, April 12, 2012
  3. ^ a b "1947 academy awards". Infoplease. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
  4. ^ a b "1955 academy awards". Infoplease. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
  5. ^ a b "1957 academy awards". Infoplease. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d "National Film Registry List". The Library of Congress. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
  7. ^ Rich Sands (September 24, 2013). "TV Guide Magazine's 60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time". TV Guide.
  8. ^ a b Schneider, Steve (1988). That's All, Folks! : The Art of Warner Bros. Animation. Henry Holt and Co. p. 39. ISBN 0-8050-0889-6.
  9. ^ Gabler, Neal. Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination. p. 181.
  10. ^ Caruso, Nick (October 24, 2020). "The Top TV Theme Songs of All Time: Animated Series". TVLine. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  11. ^ a b c "Brief Descriptions and Expanded Essays of National Film Registry Titles - Film Registry - National Film Preservation Board - Programs at the Library of Congress - Library of Congress". Library of Congress. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
  12. ^ "1940 academy awards". Infoplease.com. Retrieved September 20, 2007.
  13. ^ "1941 academy awards". Infoplease.com. Retrieved February 10, 2013.

Bibliography

  • Beck, Jerry and Friedwald, Will (1989): Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies: A Complete Illustrated Guide to the Warner Bros. Cartoons. Henry Holt and Company.
  • Goldmark, Daniel (2005). Tunes for ’Toons : Music and the Hollywood Cartoon. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23617-3
  • Schneider, Steve (1990). That's All Folks!: The Art of Warner Bros. Animation. Henry Holt & Co.

External links

  • The Big Cartoon Database entry for Merrie Melodies

merrie, melodies, american, animated, series, comedy, short, films, produced, warner, bros, starting, 1931, during, golden, american, animation, ending, 1969, cartoons, were, produced, from, late, 1970s, late, 1990s, well, other, made, productions, beginning, . Merrie Melodies is an American animated series of comedy short films produced by Warner Bros starting in 1931 during the golden age of American animation and ending in 1969 New Merrie Melodies cartoons were produced from the late 1970s to the late 1990s as well as other made productions beginning in 1972 As with its sister series Looney Tunes it featured cartoon characters such as Bugs Bunny Daffy Duck Porky Pig and Elmer Fudd 1 Between 1934 and 1943 the Merrie Melodies series were distinguished from the black and white Buddy or Porky Pig starring Looney Tunes shorts by an emphasis on one shot stories in color featuring Warner Bros owned musical selections After Bugs Bunny became the breakout recurring star of Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes went to color in the early 1940s the two series gradually lost their distinctions and shorts were assigned to each series more randomly Merrie MelodiesOne of the series classic title cards as seen on several 1937 1938 releasesDirected byTex Avery Bob Clampett Arthur Davis Friz Freleng Hugh Harman Rudolf Ising Chuck Jones Robert McKimson Frank Tashlin More Story byWarren Foster Tedd Pierce Michael Maltese More Produced byHugh Harman Rudolf Ising Leon Schlesinger Eddie Selzer John Burton David H DePatie Friz Freleng William L HendricksStarringMel Blanc June Foray Arthur Q Bryan Bea Benaderet Stan Freberg More Music byCarl Stalling Milt Franklyn William Lava More Animation byKen Harris Rod Scribner Gerry Chiniquy Virgil Ross Ben Washam Bill Melendez More Layouts byMaurice Noble Hawley Pratt Robert Gribbroek More Backgrounds byPaul Julian Pete Alvarado Philip DeGuard More Color processB amp W 1931 1934 Two strip Technicolor 1934 1935 Three strip Technicolor 1935 1969 1979 1997 Cinecolor 1934 1947 1948 ProductioncompaniesHarman Ising Productions Leon Schlesinger Productions Warner Bros Cartoons DePatie Freleng Enterprises Format Productions Warner Bros Seven Arts Animation Warner Bros AnimationDistributed byWarner Bros The Vitaphone Corporation Vitagraph Company of AmericaRelease datesOriginal Series August 2 1931 September 20 1969 Revival Series November 27 1979 June 13 1997Running time6 10 minutes one reel Merrie Melodies was originally produced by Harman Ising Pictures from 1931 to 1933 and then Leon Schlesinger Productions from 1933 to 1944 Schlesinger sold his studio to Warner Bros in 1944 and the newly renamed Warner Bros Cartoons continued production until 1963 It was outsourced to DePatie Freleng Enterprises and Format Productions from 1964 to 1967 and Warner Bros Seven Arts Animation resumed production for its final two years 2 Three of the Merrie Melodies films Tweetie Pie Speedy Gonzales and Birds Anonymous won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film and another three Duck Amuck One Froggy Evening and What s Opera Doc have been inducted into the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress 3 4 5 6 In 2013 TV Guide ranked the Warner Bros Cartoons ranked as Looney Tunes the third Greatest Cartoon of All Time out of 60 one of only six film series to make the list the other five being the Pink Panther series Popeye the Sailor Mighty Mouse Woody Woodpecker and Tom and Jerry 7 Contents 1 Background 2 Blue Ribbon reissues 3 Filmography 4 Characters 5 Accolades 5 1 Inducted into the National Film Registry 5 2 Academy Awards for Best Short Subject Cartoon 5 3 Academy Award nominations 6 See also 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External linksBackground EditProducer Leon Schlesinger had already produced the music based Looney Tunes series and its success prompted him to try to sell a sister series to Warner Bros His selling point was that the new cartoons would feature music from the soundtracks of Warner Bros films and would thus serve as advertisements for Warner Bros recordings and sheet music The studio agreed and Schlesinger dubbed the series Merrie Melodies Walt Disney Productions had already scored with their Silly Symphonies Since cartoon production usually began with a soundtrack animating a piece of music made it easier to devise plot elements and even characters The origins of the Merrie Melodies series begin with the failure of a live action series of musical shorts called Spooney Melodies which featured popular songs of the day These shorts included segments with a popular artist singing along with appropriate background sequences Warner Bros wanted to promote this music because they had recently acquired in 1930 the ownership of Brunswick Records along with four music publishers for US 28 million Because of the success of their Looney Tunes series Warner Bros decided to develop a new series of animated musical shorts called Merrie Melodies Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising led the development It was meant to be a series of musical cartoons that featured hit songs of the day especially those then owned by Warner Bros and featured in their musical films In 1931 many of the shorts featured the orchestra of Abe Lyman one of the most famous band leaders of his day The first cartoon of the new Merrie Melodies series was Lady Play Your Mandolin released in 1931 2 Ising attempted to introduce several characters in his Merrie Melodies films such as Piggy Foxy and Goopy Geer Eventually however the series continued without any recurring characters 8 The shorts proved to be enormously popular with the public In 1932 a Merrie Melodies cartoon entitled It s Got Me Again was nominated for the first Academy Award to be given for animation When Harman and Ising left Warner Bros in 1933 they took with them all rights to the characters they had created Leon Schlesinger had to negotiate with them to keep the rights to the name Merrie Melodies as well as for the right to use the slogan So Long Folks at the end of the cartoons In 1934 Schlesinger produced his first color Merrie Melodies shorts Honeymoon Hotel and Beauty and the Beast which were produced in two strip Cinecolor Disney then had exclusive animation rights to the richer three strip Technicolor process 9 Their success convinced Schlesinger to produce all future Merrie Melodies shorts in color using two strip Technicolor Looney Tunes continued in black and white until 1943 In 1936 the cartoons began to end with the slogan That s all Folks which had previously only been used on the Looney Tunes series The old slogan So Long Folks was completely abandoned at this time The same year Merrie Melodies began using the bulls eye opening and closing title sequences in 1942 Looney Tunes would use the same titles usually in thicker rings Also by 1936 Disney s exclusivity on the three color Technicolor process was lifted allowing Merrie Melodies a full color palette for the first time hence the use of the blue concentric rings as a technical test for the rest of the 1935 36 season and the 1936 37 season The Warner Bros shield was later that year changed to cyan before definitely changing back to red in 1938 Contractually Merrie Melodies cartoons were obligated to include at least one full chorus from a Warner Bros song 8 Warner Bros requested that these songs be performed by name bands whenever possible but this lasted only through the first few shorts The policy annoyed the animators of Merrie Melodies since the songs often interrupted the cartoons momentum and pacing the 1938 Merrie Melodie A Feud There Was for example sarcastically uses the obligatory musical number as a shift in the action with the lead characters singing the number into a KFWB microphone and ceding the mike to an announcer who reads a commercial By 1939 the animators had been released from this obligation and the Merrie Melodies shorts came to resemble more closely the black and white Looney Tunes series In addition several new characters were created to initially appear exclusively in the Merrie Melodies series such as Egghead Elmer Fudd Inki Sniffles and even Warner Bros most popular cartoon star Bugs Bunny In 1943 Schlesinger began producing Looney Tunes in color as well and the two series became virtually indistinguishable except by their theme music and opening titles in addition characters once exclusive to one series began regularly appearing in the other as well In 1944 the studio went to an all color schedule though for the first year of this Bugs still appeared mainly in the Merrie Melodies series not appearing in a Looney Tunes cartoon until the end of August whereas Daffy Duck and Porky Pig who each appeared in a few Merrie Melodies prior to mid 1942 appeared mainly in Looney Tunes that year It was not until 1945 that the two series appeared completely indistinguishable and that Bugs appeared in more Looney Tunes than Merrie Melodies By 1937 the theme music for Looney Tunes was The Merry Go Round Broke Down by Cliff Friend and Dave Franklin and the theme music for Merrie Melodies was an adaptation of Merrily We Roll Along by Charles Tobias Murray Mencher and Eddie Cantor the original theme was Get Happy by Harold Arlen played at a faster tempo This continued until 1964 when the WB cartoon logos were modernized and The Merry Go Round Broke Down became the theme for the Merrie Melodies as well When the studio went to full color even the animators themselves did not make any creative distinction between the two series as evidenced in an interview quote from director Friz Freleng I never knew if a film I was making would be Looney Tunes or Merrie Melodies and what the hell difference would it make anyway The last Merrie Melodies cartoon was Injun Trouble released in 1969 The Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons didn t start up again until 1987 with only two cartoons made The Night of the Living Duck 1987 and Blooper Bunny 1991 The Night of the Living Duck got a theatrical release through the compilation film Daffy Duck s Quackbusters 1988 while Blooper Bunny was shelved from its intended 1991 release until it premiered on Cartoon Network on June 13 1997 Blue Ribbon reissues EditMain article List of Warner Bros cartoons with Blue Ribbon reissues Beginning in late 1943 WB in a cost conserving effort began to reissue its backlog of color cartoons under a new program that they called Merrie Melodies Blue Ribbon classics For the reissue the original front and end title sequences were altered The revised main title card began with the zooming WB logo followed by the title logo set against a background featuring a blue ribbon hence the re release program s title and a Grand Shorts Award trophy followed by the name of the cartoon This revised title sequence eliminated the opening technical credits The ending title card was also revised replacing the original versions Also sometimes the title of the short was slightly altered for the rerelease the Blue Ribbon version of the Bugs Bunny short A Wild Hare was retitled The Wild Hare for reissue for example Many of these Blue Ribbon prints were the versions used for television broadcasts for many years until Warner Bros began a restoration program in the early 2000s as part of the Looney Tunes Golden Collection DVD releases Filmography EditMain article Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmographyCharacters EditMain article List of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies charactersAccolades EditTVLine lists the theme song from the series among the best animated series themes of all time 10 Inducted into the National Film Registry Edit What s Opera Doc 1957 inducted in the 1992 list 6 In this animation classic Elmer Fudd s pursuit of Bugs Bunny is set to opera music and plays out on a Wagnerian scale The film features such now classic lines as Kill the wabbit and is one of only three cartoons in which Elmer Fudd bests his rival Bugs Directed by renowned animator Chuck Jones and his team at Warner Bros this seven minute short film is often considered to be Jones cinematic masterpiece It also holds the distinction of being the first cartoon selected for inclusion on the National Film Registry 11 Duck Amuck 1953 inducted in the 1999 list 6 The description reads One of the defining examples of Chuck Jones irreverent creativity Duck Amuck a Warner Bros Merrie Melodies animation stars Daffy Duck as brought to life by master voice artist Mel Blanc Jones gives the audience a convincingly fleshed out character with true personality regardless of plot or setting Daffy begins the film as a Musketeer before his animators get the best of him by forgetting to draw in his backgrounds or supply him his voice Extraordinarily self reflexive Duck Amuck does more than pierce film s fourth wall it demolishes it full send Daffy on a series of surreal misadventures 11 One Froggy Evening 1955 inducted in the 2003 list 6 The description reads A cartoon on every short list of the greatest animation this classic Chuck Jones creation features crooning amphibian Michigan J Frog who drives his owner insane by singing only in private but never in public 11 Academy Awards for Best Short Subject Cartoon Edit Tweetie Pie 1947 3 Speedy Gonzales 1955 4 Birds Anonymous 1957 5 Academy Award nominations Edit It s Got Me Again 1932 Detouring America 1939 A Wild Hare 1940 12 Hiawatha s Rabbit Hunt 1941 13 Rhapsody in Rivets 1941 Pigs in a Polka 1943 Greetings Bait 1943 Life with Feathers 1945 Walky Talky Hawky 1946 Canary Row 1950 Beep Prepared 1961 Nelly s Folly 1961 See also Edit Television portal United States portalLooney Tunes Warner Bros Cartoons Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography 1929 1939 Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography 1940 1949 Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography 1950 1959 Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography 1960 1969 Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography 1970 present and miscellaneous List of Warner Bros cartoons with Blue Ribbon reissuesReferences Edit Lenburg Jeff 1999 The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons Checkmark Books pp 104 106 ISBN 0 8160 3831 7 Retrieved June 6 2020 a b Merrie Melodies permanent dead link Bcdb com April 12 2012 a b 1947 academy awards Infoplease Retrieved June 26 2013 a b 1955 academy awards Infoplease Retrieved June 26 2013 a b 1957 academy awards Infoplease Retrieved June 26 2013 a b c d National Film Registry List The Library of Congress Retrieved March 19 2018 Rich Sands September 24 2013 TV Guide Magazine s 60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time TV Guide a b Schneider Steve 1988 That s All Folks The Art of Warner Bros Animation Henry Holt and Co p 39 ISBN 0 8050 0889 6 Gabler Neal Walt Disney The Triumph of the American Imagination p 181 Caruso Nick October 24 2020 The Top TV Theme Songs of All Time Animated Series TVLine Retrieved November 6 2020 a b c Brief Descriptions and Expanded Essays of National Film Registry Titles Film Registry National Film Preservation Board Programs at the Library of Congress Library of Congress Library of Congress Retrieved January 5 2019 1940 academy awards Infoplease com Retrieved September 20 2007 1941 academy awards Infoplease com Retrieved February 10 2013 Bibliography EditBeck Jerry and Friedwald Will 1989 Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies A Complete Illustrated Guide to the Warner Bros Cartoons Henry Holt and Company Goldmark Daniel 2005 Tunes for Toons Music and the Hollywood Cartoon Berkeley University of California Press ISBN 0 520 23617 3 Schneider Steve 1990 That s All Folks The Art of Warner Bros Animation Henry Holt amp Co External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Merrie Melodies The Big Cartoon Database entry for Merrie Melodies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Merrie Melodies amp oldid 1142509011, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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