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Lockheed L-193

The Lockheed L-193 Constellation II was a jet airliner design concept, designed between 1949 and 1953 with a swept wing and engines mounted at the tail. An airliner and tanker version were developed. The latter, in an aerial refueling competition initiated by the United States Air Force (USAF), won and was preferred over the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker. Since the competing Boeing aircraft was ready to fly first, examples were ordered as an interim measure. They performed well enough that the L-193 was never ordered as a tanker, and airliner plans were dropped soon after.

L-193 Constellation II
Role Jet airliner
Aerial refuelling tanker
National origin United States
Manufacturer Lockheed
Status Canceled
Number built 0

Design and development

The Lockheed L-193 jet was designed between 1949 and 1953. By comparison, Boeing started producing the prototype for the Boeing 707 after the design was completed in 1952. Lockheed sought input from Trans World Airlines for the airliner's requirements[1] and several sub-variants were developed. It was a swept wing with the engines mounted at the tail. The same arrangement was later used by the Lockheed JetStar (1957), Vickers VC-10 (1962), and Ilyushin Il-62 (1963). It was designed to be slightly smaller than the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 of the time.[2][3] Lockheed used features seen in its previous designs, including tip tanks similar to the Lockheed Constellation and a double-deck fuselage similar to the Lockheed Constitution.[4] The engines were also flush mounted to the fuselage, a feature dropped from most current jet designs.

In the wake of the Korean War, a competition was held in 1954 for a USAF aerial refueling tanker. A modified L-193 was chosen in 1955 to supplement the interim KC-135 tanker. The aircraft was designated "KCX-LO", and the first prototype would have been the XK-1.[citation needed] A prototype was ordered in February 1955. Air Force Secretary Harold E. Talbott ordered 250 KC-135 interim tankers while the selection winner was manufactured. The KC-135 was able to be delivered two years earlier than the Lockheed, and was able to be put into squadron service four years earlier. The orders for the Lockheed tanker were eventually dropped so the USAF would not have to support two separate tanker designs.[5]

Lockheed never produced its jet airliner, instead producing the modestly-successful turboprop-powered Electra. Lockheed also produced the C-141 Starlifter jet cargo transport and an SST design, but did not produce a jet airliner until the L-1011 wide-body trijet. By contrast, Boeing had beat Lockheed by producing its prototype first, at its own expense, rather than waiting for the military contract, and would eventually dominate the market with a family of airliners based on the 707 and KC-135.

Specifications (L-193)

Data from [6][7]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 5
  • Capacity: 48 - 64
  • Length: 112 ft 2 in (34.19 m)
  • Wingspan: 104 ft (32 m)
  • Height: 36 ft 8 in (11.18 m)
  • Wing area: 1,615 sq ft (150.0 m2)
  • Gross weight: 148,000 lb (67,132 kg)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 537 kn (618 mph, 995 km/h)
  • Cruise speed: 520 kn (600 mph, 970 km/h)
  • Range: 500 to 2,500 nmi (580 to 2,880 mi, 930 to 4,630 km) (depending on configuration)
  • Rate of climb: 5,500 ft/min (28 m/s)

References

Notes
  1. ^ Robert W. Rummel. Howard Hughes and TWA, Volume 87.
  2. ^ "Here Is U-2's Father". Chicago Tribune. December 22, 1963.
  3. ^ "THE HEARTBREAK MARKET: AIRLINERS". Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  4. ^ Douglas J. Ingells. L-1011 TriStar and the Lockheed story.
  5. ^ "Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker -- More than just a Tanker" Robert S. Hopkins III
  6. ^ Of men and stars: a history of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 1913-1957
  7. ^ Flight International, Volume 59
Bibliography
  • Air Enthusiast 126 & Secret Projects - Postwar Secret Projects
  • USAF AIRCRAFT 1947-1956 by James C. Fahey

External links

  • "75 Years of In-Flight Refueling"

lockheed, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, october, 2011, le. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Lockheed L 193 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Lockheed L 193 Constellation II was a jet airliner design concept designed between 1949 and 1953 with a swept wing and engines mounted at the tail An airliner and tanker version were developed The latter in an aerial refueling competition initiated by the United States Air Force USAF won and was preferred over the Boeing KC 135 Stratotanker Since the competing Boeing aircraft was ready to fly first examples were ordered as an interim measure They performed well enough that the L 193 was never ordered as a tanker and airliner plans were dropped soon after L 193 Constellation IIRole Jet airlinerAerial refuelling tankerNational origin United StatesManufacturer LockheedStatus CanceledNumber built 0 Contents 1 Design and development 2 Specifications L 193 3 References 4 External linksDesign and development EditThe Lockheed L 193 jet was designed between 1949 and 1953 By comparison Boeing started producing the prototype for the Boeing 707 after the design was completed in 1952 Lockheed sought input from Trans World Airlines for the airliner s requirements 1 and several sub variants were developed It was a swept wing with the engines mounted at the tail The same arrangement was later used by the Lockheed JetStar 1957 Vickers VC 10 1962 and Ilyushin Il 62 1963 It was designed to be slightly smaller than the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC 8 of the time 2 3 Lockheed used features seen in its previous designs including tip tanks similar to the Lockheed Constellation and a double deck fuselage similar to the Lockheed Constitution 4 The engines were also flush mounted to the fuselage a feature dropped from most current jet designs In the wake of the Korean War a competition was held in 1954 for a USAF aerial refueling tanker A modified L 193 was chosen in 1955 to supplement the interim KC 135 tanker The aircraft was designated KCX LO and the first prototype would have been the XK 1 citation needed A prototype was ordered in February 1955 Air Force Secretary Harold E Talbott ordered 250 KC 135 interim tankers while the selection winner was manufactured The KC 135 was able to be delivered two years earlier than the Lockheed and was able to be put into squadron service four years earlier The orders for the Lockheed tanker were eventually dropped so the USAF would not have to support two separate tanker designs 5 Lockheed never produced its jet airliner instead producing the modestly successful turboprop powered Electra Lockheed also produced the C 141 Starlifter jet cargo transport and an SST design but did not produce a jet airliner until the L 1011 wide body trijet By contrast Boeing had beat Lockheed by producing its prototype first at its own expense rather than waiting for the military contract and would eventually dominate the market with a family of airliners based on the 707 and KC 135 Specifications L 193 EditData from 6 7 General characteristicsCrew 5 Capacity 48 64 Length 112 ft 2 in 34 19 m Wingspan 104 ft 32 m Height 36 ft 8 in 11 18 m Wing area 1 615 sq ft 150 0 m2 Gross weight 148 000 lb 67 132 kg Performance Maximum speed 537 kn 618 mph 995 km h Cruise speed 520 kn 600 mph 970 km h Range 500 to 2 500 nmi 580 to 2 880 mi 930 to 4 630 km depending on configuration Rate of climb 5 500 ft min 28 m s References EditNotes Robert W Rummel Howard Hughes and TWA Volume 87 Here Is U 2 s Father Chicago Tribune December 22 1963 THE HEARTBREAK MARKET AIRLINERS Retrieved 9 October 2010 Douglas J Ingells L 1011 TriStar and the Lockheed story Boeing KC 135 Stratotanker More than just a Tanker Robert S Hopkins III Of men and stars a history of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation 1913 1957 Flight International Volume 59 BibliographyAir Enthusiast 126 amp Secret Projects Postwar Secret Projects USAF AIRCRAFT 1947 1956 by James C FaheyExternal links Edit 75 Years of In Flight Refueling Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lockheed L 193 amp oldid 1037676350, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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